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Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - UPSC MCQ


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20 Questions MCQ Test Indian Polity for UPSC CSE - Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus)

Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) for UPSC 2024 is part of Indian Polity for UPSC CSE preparation. The Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) questions and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus.The Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) MCQs are made for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) below.
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Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 1
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Who was the president of the small island nation Cuba off the coast of the united states?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 1

President of Cuba:

  • Fidel Castro: Fidel Castro was the president of Cuba, a small island nation off the coast of the United States.


Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 2
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What country was an ally of the soviet union?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 2

Country that was an ally of the Soviet Union:



  • Cuba: Cuba was a strong ally of the Soviet Union during the Cold War era. The two countries shared political ideologies and formed a close partnership, especially in opposition to the United States.



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Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 3
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Who converted Cuba into a russian base?

Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 3

Who converted Cuba into a Russian base?


Answer: Nikita Khrushchev




Detailed



  • Nikita Khrushchev:


    • Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union at that time, played a significant role in converting Cuba into a Russian base.

    • Under Khrushchev's leadership, the Soviet Union established a close relationship with Fidel Castro's Cuba, leading to the installation of Soviet missiles in Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

    • This move was a response to the United States' deployment of missiles in Turkey and Italy, escalating tensions between the two superpowers.



Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 4
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When did nikita khrushchev place nuclear missiles in cuba?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 4

When did Nikita Khrushchev place nuclear missiles in Cuba?



  • Year: 1962

  • 1958

  • 1959

  • 1965


Answer: a. 1962




Detailed



  • Cuban Missile Crisis: The placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba by Nikita Khrushchev occurred during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

  • Background: The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba.

  • Decision: Khrushchev's decision to place missiles in Cuba was in response to the deployment of American missiles in Turkey and Italy, which threatened the Soviet Union.

  • Tensions: The presence of nuclear missiles in Cuba heightened tensions between the two superpowers, leading to a critical moment in the Cold War.

  • Resolution: The crisis was eventually resolved through negotiations, with the Soviet Union agreeing to remove the missiles from Cuba in exchange for the removal of American missiles from Turkey.


Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 5
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Who was the president of the United States during Cuban Missile Crisis?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 5

President during Cuban Missile Crisis:



  • John F. Kennedy: He was the president of the United States during the Cuban Missile Crisis.


Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 6
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Who ordered american warships to intercept any soviet ships heading to cuba
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 6

Who ordered american warships to intercept any soviet ships heading to cuba

  • A: Fidel Castro

  • B: John F. Kennedy

  • C: Nikita Khrushchev

  • D: George Bush


Answer: B. John F. Kennedy

  • Explanation:

  • During the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, President John F. Kennedy ordered American warships to intercept any Soviet ships heading to Cuba that may be carrying additional missiles or supplies. This was a pivotal moment in the Cold War as tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union escalated.

  • Kennedy's decision to enforce a naval blockade around Cuba was a strategic move to prevent the Soviets from establishing nuclear missile sites on the island, which would have posed a direct threat to the United States.

  • The standoff eventually led to a diplomatic resolution, with both sides agreeing to remove missiles from Cuba in exchange for the United States pledging not to invade the island nation.


Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 7
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What was the old name of myanmar?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 7

Burma

For generations, the country was called Burma, after the dominant Burman ethnic group. But in 1989, one year after the ruling junta brutally suppressed a pro-democracy uprising, military leaders suddenly changed its name to Myanmar

Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 8
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Who did the US know was about to surrender?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 8

Who did the US know was about to surrender?





  • A: Myanmar

  • B: Japan

  • C: Germany

  • D: India


Answer: B. Japan


Detailed



  1. Events Leading to Japan's Surrender:


    • After the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, Japan faced devastating consequences.

    • The Soviet Union declared war on Japan and invaded Manchuria, further weakening Japan's position.


  2. The Potsdam Declaration:


    • The Potsdam Declaration, issued by the Allies in July 1945, called for Japan's unconditional surrender.

    • Japan, however, did not immediately respond to this ultimatum.


  3. Knowledge of Impending Surrender:


    • The US had intercepted Japanese communications indicating internal discussions about surrender.

    • These intercepted messages, along with the continued bombings and the Soviet invasion, led the US to believe Japan was close to surrender.


  4. Official Surrender:


    • Japan officially surrendered on September 2, 1945, aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, effectively ending World War II.


Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 9
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What type of weapons did the US and the USSR make in the 1950s?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 9
Weapons production in the 1950s

  • Fission: Both the US and the USSR developed fission weapons during the 1950s. These weapons relied on the splitting of atomic nuclei to release a large amount of energy.

  • Thermonuclear: A significant development during this time was the creation of thermonuclear weapons, also known as hydrogen bombs. These weapons used a two-stage process involving a fission trigger to initiate a fusion reaction, resulting in a much more powerful explosion than fission weapons.

  • Detonation: Both countries worked on improving the efficiency and power of their detonation mechanisms in order to create more destructive weapons.

  • Warhead: These advancements in weapon technology led to the production of more sophisticated warheads that could be delivered via various means such as missiles, aircraft, or submarines.


By the 1950s, the US and the USSR had significantly increased their weapons production capabilities, leading to a period of intense competition known as the arms race. The development of fission and thermonuclear weapons during this time marked a significant advancement in military technology and had far-reaching implications for global security.
Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 10
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How many nuclear weapons did the two superpowers possess during the cold war?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 10

Number of Nuclear Weapons During the Cold War



  • United States: The United States possessed thousands of nuclear weapons during the Cold War. At its peak in the 1960s, the US had around 31,255 nuclear warheads in its arsenal.


  • Soviet Union: The Soviet Union also had thousands of nuclear weapons during the Cold War. At its highest point in the 1980s, the Soviet Union had around 45,000 nuclear warheads.


  • Total: Combined, the two superpowers had tens of thousands of nuclear weapons at their disposal during the Cold War, leading to a period of intense nuclear arms race and global tension.


  • Arms Control: Eventually, both countries signed various arms control agreements to limit the number of nuclear weapons in their arsenals, such as the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) and the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START).


Overall, the United States and the Soviet Union maintained a significant number of nuclear weapons during the Cold War, which shaped global politics and security dynamics for decades.

Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 11
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Where did the division between the two superpowers occur first?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 11

Division between superpowers in Europe:

  • Beginning of the Cold War: The division between the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, first occurred in Europe at the end of World War II. This marked the beginning of the Cold War.

  • Iron Curtain: The term "Iron Curtain" was used to describe the ideological and physical division between Western Europe and Eastern Europe controlled by the Soviet Union.

  • Formation of NATO and Warsaw Pact: The United States formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with its Western European allies, while the Soviet Union established the Warsaw Pact with its Eastern European satellite states.

  • Division of Germany: Germany was divided into East Germany (controlled by the Soviet Union) and West Germany (aligned with the Western powers) further solidifying the division in Europe.

  • Proxy Wars: Europe became a battleground for proxy wars between the two superpowers, such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War, as they sought to expand their influence in the region.


Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 12
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What was the eastern alliance known as?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 12

Eastern Alliance Name:



  • Answer: The Warsaw Pact


Detailed Explanation:



  • Formation: The Warsaw Pact, officially known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, was a political and military alliance established on May 14, 1955, among the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe during the Cold War.

  • Members: The members of the Warsaw Pact included the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.

  • Purpose: The main purpose of the Warsaw Pact was to counter the influence of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and to ensure the dominance of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe.

  • End: The Warsaw Pact was dissolved in 1991 following the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union.


Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 13
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When was the warsaw pact created?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 13

Creation of the Warsaw Pact

  • Year: 1955


The Warsaw Pact was created on May 14, 1955, in response to the integration of West Germany into NATO. The pact was signed in Warsaw, Poland, by the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc countries, including Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.


Purpose of the Warsaw Pact

  • Counterbalance NATO: The main purpose of the Warsaw Pact was to serve as a military alliance to counterbalance the influence of NATO in Europe.

  • Collective Defense: The member countries of the Warsaw Pact agreed to come to each other's aid in case of military aggression.

  • Political Cooperation: In addition to military cooperation, the Warsaw Pact also involved political cooperation among the member states.


End of the Warsaw Pact

  • End of the Cold War: With the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Warsaw Pact became obsolete.

  • Official Dissolution: The Warsaw Pact officially dissolved on July 1, 1991, marking the end of the military alliance.

  • Impact: The dissolution of the Warsaw Pact contributed to the reunification of Germany and the overall restructuring of the geopolitical landscape in Europe.


Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 14
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What became the main arena of conflict between the superpowers?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 14

What became the main arena of conflict between the superpowers?



  • A: Asia

  • B: South Africa

  • C: Europe

  • D: None


Answer: C - Europe



  • Explanation:

  • Cold War Conflict: Europe became the main arena of conflict between the superpowers during the Cold War.

  • Division: The division of Europe into Eastern and Western blocs, led by the Soviet Union and the United States respectively, created tensions and rivalries.

  • Strategic Importance: Europe's strategic importance, with countries like Germany being a focal point, made it a crucial battleground for ideological and geopolitical struggles.

  • Military Buildup: Both superpowers engaged in military buildup and alliances in Europe, such as NATO and the Warsaw Pact, further escalating the conflict.

  • Proxy Wars: The superpowers also fought proxy wars in Europe, such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War, as part of their global competition for influence.

Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 15
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Who used its influence in eastern europe to ensure that the eastern half of europe remained within its sphere of influence?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 15
Background:
- After World War II, the Soviet Union emerged as a superpower with significant influence in Eastern Europe.
- The Soviet Union sought to maintain control over Eastern Europe to create a buffer zone against potential Western aggression.
Actions taken by the Soviet Union:
- The Soviet Union used its military power to establish communist governments in countries like Poland, East Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria.
- The Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact, a military alliance with these countries, to further solidify its control over the region.
- The Soviet Union suppressed any opposition to its rule through brutal tactics, such as the use of secret police and political purges.
- The Soviet Union implemented economic policies that tied Eastern European countries to its own economy, further increasing its influence in the region.
Impact on Eastern Europe:
- The Soviet Union's influence in Eastern Europe led to the establishment of communist regimes that lasted for decades.
- Eastern European countries were forced to align their foreign policies with the Soviet Union, limiting their independence and ability to make decisions autonomously.
- The Soviet Union's control over Eastern Europe contributed to the division of Europe into East and West during the Cold War.
In conclusion, the Soviet Union used its military, political, and economic power to ensure that the eastern half of Europe remained within its sphere of influence, establishing communist regimes and suppressing opposition to maintain control over the region.
Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 16
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What country responded by having close relations with the soviet union?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 16

Country with close relations with the Soviet Union:



  • China: China responded by establishing close relations with the Soviet Union.



Explanation:

Reasoning behind China's response:



  • During the Cold War, China and the Soviet Union were both communist countries.

  • China saw the Soviet Union as a powerful ally against the Western capitalist countries.

  • They shared similar ideologies and goals in spreading communism worldwide.

  • China also sought military and economic assistance from the Soviet Union.



Impact:

Impact of China's close relations with the Soviet Union:



  • China's alignment with the Soviet Union led to tensions with the United States and its allies.

  • It influenced global politics during the Cold War era and shaped alliances and conflicts.

  • China eventually distanced itself from the Soviet Union in the 1960s due to ideological differences and border disputes.


Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 17
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Who played a crucial role in mediating between the two koreas?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 17

Role of Jawaharlal Nehru in Mediating Between the Two Koreas:

  • Initiating Diplomatic Relations: Jawaharlal Nehru played a crucial role in initiating diplomatic relations between North and South Korea.

  • Mediator in Korean War: During the Korean War, Nehru acted as a mediator and tried to facilitate peace talks between the two Koreas.

  • Advocating Non-Aligned Movement: Nehru's advocacy for the Non-Aligned Movement provided a platform for both North and South Korea to engage in diplomatic dialogue.

  • Supporting Korean Reunification: Nehru consistently supported the idea of Korean reunification and worked towards peaceful resolution of conflicts.

  • International Reputation: Nehru's international reputation and diplomatic skills were instrumental in mediating between the two Koreas.


Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 18
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What country's josip broz tito came from?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 18

Country of Josip Broz Tito:



  • Correct Answer: Yugoslavia




Explanation:



  • Background: Josip Broz Tito was a prominent political leader who served as the President of Yugoslavia.

  • Yugoslavia: Tito was from Yugoslavia, which was a country located in Southeast Europe. He played a crucial role in the establishment of socialist Yugoslavia after World War II.

  • Role: Tito led the country through a period of significant economic and social development, as well as non-alignment in international relations.

  • Legacy: Tito's leadership and vision left a lasting impact on Yugoslavia and the broader region.


Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 19
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When was the first non-aligned summit held?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 19

First Non-Aligned Summit:

  • Date: 1961

  • Location: Belgrade, Yugoslavia

  • Participants: Leaders from 25 countries

  • Purpose: To discuss issues related to the Cold War and promote peace, independence, and non-alignment

  • Key Outcomes:

    • Establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

    • Adoption of the Declaration on the Promotion of World Peace and Cooperation

    • Call for disarmament and peaceful resolution of conflicts




Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 20
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How many member states attended the first non-aligned summit?
Detailed Solution for Test: The Cold War Era- 2 (Old Syllabus) - Question 20

Number of member states attending the first non-aligned summit:



  • Option B: 25




Detailed



  • The first non-aligned summit was held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in September 1961.

  • During this summit, a total of 25 member states attended the meeting.

  • These member states were countries that did not align themselves with either the Western bloc or the Eastern bloc during the Cold War.

  • The purpose of the non-aligned movement was to promote peaceful coexistence and cooperation between countries regardless of their political ideologies.

  • Some of the founding members of the non-aligned movement included India, Egypt, Indonesia, Ghana, and Yugoslavia.

  • Since its inception, the non-aligned movement has grown to include over 120 member states.


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