History Mock Test- 2 - Class 9 MCQ

Correct Answer :- d

Explanation : The convention was seated in the form of a “single-chamber assembly” from the 20th September 1792 to 26th October 1795. ... After the elections, the newly elected Legislative Assembly came to be known as the National Convention On September 21, 1792, it ended the constitutional monarchy and declared France as a republic.

The National Convention was the first government of the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the one-year Legislative Assembly. Created after the great insurrection of 10 August 1792, it was the first French government organized as a republic, abandoning the monarchy altogether. The Convention sat as a single-chamber assembly from 20 September 1792 to 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire IV under the Convention's adopted calendar).

Camille Desmoulins believed that liberty is finishing off your enemies.

Not all wanted to fight many were forced to participate,

The German defeat horrified him. The Treaty of Versailles made him furious. He joined the German Workers Party and renamed it National Socialist German Workers’ Party. This later came to be known as the Nazi Party.

It was harsh and humiliating because Germany lost its overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, 13% of its territories, 75% of its iron and 26% of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark, and Lithuania.
The Allied powers demilitarised Germany to weaken its powers.
The War Guilt Clause held Germany responsible for the war damages that the Allied countries had to suffer.
 Germany was forced to pay a compensation of 6 billion. 
The Allied armies also occupied the resource-rich Rhineland for much of the 1920s. 
Many Germans held the Weimar Republic responsible for not only the defeat in the war but the disgrace at Versailles.
 

The Forest Act brought severe hardship for the villagers across the country due to various reasons, as explained below:
Restrictions on Activities:
- Cutting wood, grazing cattle, collecting fruits, roots, hunting, and fishing became illegal under the Forest Act.
- This restricted the villagers' access to essential resources for their livelihoods.
Forced Theft and Bribes:
- With the restrictions in place, villagers were often forced to resort to stealing wood or other forest resources to meet their needs.
- If caught, they had to pay bribes to the forest guards to avoid legal consequences.
- This put additional financial burden on the already struggling villagers.
Harassment of Women:
- Women who collected firewood, an essential resource for cooking and heating, were specifically targeted and harassed by forest guards.
- This created a hostile environment for women and made their daily lives even more challenging.
Overall Impact:
- The combination of restrictions on activities, forced theft, bribery, and harassment created severe hardship for the villagers.
- They faced economic difficulties, legal issues, and social challenges, making it difficult for them to sustain their livelihoods and meet their basic needs.
In conclusion, the Forest Act had a detrimental impact on the villagers across the country, causing severe hardship due to the restrictions on activities, forced theft, bribes, and harassment.

Problems faced by the people of Bastar under the colonial government:
- Displacement without compensation:
- People of villages were displaced without any notice or compensation.

- Increased rents and demands for free labor and goods:
- Villagers suffered from increased rents imposed by the colonial officials.
- They also faced frequent demands for free labor and goods, which further burdened them.

- Famines:
- Terrible famines occurred in Bastar in 1899-1900, 1907, and 1908.
- These famines caused immense suffering and loss of life.

Overall, the people of Bastar faced displacement without compensation, increased financial burdens, and the devastating impact of famines under the colonial government.

 Classification of forests on the basis of Act of 1878:
(i) Reserved forests: The best forests were called Reserved forests. Villagers could not take anything from these forests.
(ii) Protected forests: They were also protected by the villagers but they could collect wood from the Protected forests.(iii) Village forests: They were located near the villages and could be exploited by the villagers but not for commercial purposes. 

Russia faced a very tough situation during the First World War. The war on the eastern front' differed from that on the 'western front'.Defeats were shocking and demoralising. Russia's armies lost badly in Germany and Austria between 1914 and 1916. By 1916, railway lines began to break down. 

The First World War badly hit the Russian industries. Russia's own industries were few in number and the country was cut off from other suppliers of industrial goods by German control of the Baltic sea.Industrial equipment disintegrated more rapidly in Russia than elsewhere in Europe. By 1916, railway lines began to break down. Able-bodied men were called up to the war. As a result, there were labour shortages and small workshops producing essentials were shut down.Large supplies of grain were sent to feed the army.

Hence, all the statements are correct.

Karl Marx wanted to overthrow Capitalism as he felt the system to be exploitative of the laborers, known as the proletariat. 

He felt that the capitalists were only interested in the expansion of business and in the increase of their profits. 

They were not concerned with the benefits of the people putting in their labour.

Explanation:

• Bugyal refers to vast meadows in the high mountains.


• These meadows are typically found in the Indian Himalayas, at elevations ranging from 3000 to 4000 meters.


• Bugyals are known for their lush greenery, alpine flowers, and grazing grounds for cattle.


• During the summer months, these meadows are used by shepherds for grazing their livestock.


• Bugyals are important ecologically as they support a diverse range of flora and fauna.


• Visitors often trek to Bugyals to experience the pristine beauty of these high-altitude meadows.

A is the correct option.On July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler becomes the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) Party. Under Hitler, the Nazi Party grew into a mass movement and ruled Germany as a totalitarian state from 1933 to 1945.

Natural forests which had lots of different types of trees were cut down. In their place only one type of tree was planted in straight rows, called as plantation. This is known as scientific forestry.

The Indian Forest Service was set up in 1864 by Dietrich Brandis, who was appointed as the first Inspector General of forests in India by the British.

By the early 19th century oak forests in England were disappearing as most of the oak forestsin England were used for building ships. But a regular supply of strong and durable timber for English ships was needed for building ships for the Royal Navy of England as the imperial power should be protected and maintained ,this could only happen if there is vast quantities of timber available for building ships. Therefore By the 1820s search parties were sent to explore the forest resources of India. Within a decade, trees were beingfelled on a massive scale and vast quantities of timber were beingexported from India.

Region of Maldharis pastoralist community

• Answer: C. Gujarat

Explanation:

• Maldharis: The Maldharis are a pastoralist community who traditionally live in the state of Gujarat, India.


• Region: The Maldharis mainly inhabit the regions of Kutch and Saurashtra in Gujarat.


• Livelihood: The Maldharis rely on animal husbandry, primarily cattle rearing, for their livelihood.


• Community: The Maldharis have a rich cultural heritage and are known for their unique way of life centered around their animals.

Large areas of natural forests were also cleared to make way for tea, coffee and rubber plantations to meet Europe's growing need for these commodities. 

• Marseillaise was a patriotic song composed by poet Roget de L’ Isle.
• Although Louis XVI signed the constitution, he entered into secret negotiations with the King of Prussia. Rulers of the other neighbouring countries too were worried by the developments in France and made plans to send troops to put down the events that had been taking place there since the summer of 1789.
• Before this could happen, the National Assembly voted in April 1792, and declared war against Prussia and Austria.
• Thousands of volunteers thronged from the provinces to join the army. They saw this as a war of the people against kings and aristocracies all over Europe.
• So Marseillaise was sung for the first time by the volunteers from Marseilles as they marched into Paris and so got its name. The Marseillaise is now the national anthem of France.

The crop sown by the Dhangars in the central plateau of Maharashtra is Bajra.
Reasoning:
- The Dhangars are a pastoral community in Maharashtra who are known for their traditional farming practices.
- The central plateau region of Maharashtra is known for its dry and arid climate, which is suitable for the cultivation of crops that are drought-resistant and can thrive in such conditions.
- Bajra, also known as pearl millet, is one such crop that is well-suited to the climatic conditions of the central plateau.
- Bajra is a hardy crop that requires less water and can withstand high temperatures and low rainfall.
- It is a staple food crop for the Dhangars and is commonly grown by them in the region.
- Bajra is used for various purposes such as making rotis (flatbread), porridge, and even fermented to make alcoholic beverages.
- The crop is rich in nutrients like iron, calcium, and magnesium, making it an important part of the diet in the region.
- The cultivation of Bajra by the Dhangars helps in sustaining their livelihoods and provides them with a source of income.
Therefore, the crop sown by the Dhangars in the central plateau of Maharashtra is Bajra.

In the monsoon this region became a nast grazing ground for the Dhangar flocks. By October the Dhangars harvested their bajra and started on their move west. After a month, they reached the Konkan. This was a flourishing agricultural tract with high rainfall and rich soil. Here the Dhangar shepherds were welcomed by Konkani peasants.

The Bastar Rebellion Of 1910

The 150 years history of protests and rebellion in Bastar culminated in the Bhumkal rebellion of 1910 meaning the great people’s upsurge. 
Several other policies of the state at that time proved extremely oppressive for the tribals of the region and became focal points of the Bhumkal rebellion. Extensive forest areas were declared reserved forests; resulting in the tribals feeling that their inalienable right over forests has been subverted. 

Nomadic pastoralism is a form of pastoralism when livestock are herded in order to find fresh pastures on which to graze. True nomads follow an irregular pattern of movement, in contrast with transhumance where seasonal pastures are fixed.

The dry forested area below the foothills of Kumaon and Garhwal is called Bhabar.

USA had resisted involvement in the war, it was unwilling to face another economic crisis after the war. But it could not stay out of the war for long. Japan was expanding its power in the east. It had occupied French Indo-China and was planning attacks on US naval bases in the Pacific.

The correct chronological order of the given events is:
1. Adolf Hitler was born in Austria.
2. Establishment of the Weimar Republic.
3. Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles.
4. The Economic Depression occurs in the USA.
Explanation:
Adolf Hitler was born in Austria:
Adolf Hitler, the future dictator of Germany, was born in Austria on April 20, 1889.
Establishment of the Weimar Republic:
The Weimar Republic was established on November 9, 1918, after the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II. It marked the end of the German Empire and the beginning of a democratic era in Germany.
Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles:
Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. The treaty was imposed on Germany by the Allied powers after World War I and placed full blame on Germany for the war. It also included reparations, territorial losses, and military restrictions for Germany.
The Economic Depression occurs in the USA:
The Economic Depression, also known as the Great Depression, occurred in the USA in the late 1920s and early 1930s. It started with the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, and had a severe impact on the global economy, including Germany.
Therefore, the correct chronological order is:
4 – 2 – 1 – 3

The colonial rulers considered forests as unproductive because: They considered cultivated lands as sign of progress and not nature in its natural self. They thought that the use of forests by local people and the reckless felling of trees by traders would destroy forest.

Explanation:

• Blandongdiensten System: This system was implemented in Java, a programming language.


• Followed by Dutch: The Blandongdiensten system was followed by the Dutch, who were involved in the colonization of Indonesia.


• Historical Context: The Dutch East India Company (VOC) established the Blandongdiensten system in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) to exploit labor for coffee plantations.


• Impact: The system led to the exploitation and mistreatment of indigenous people, as they were forced to work under harsh conditions on the plantations.


• Abolition: The Blandongdiensten system was eventually abolished due to growing opposition and calls for reform in the Dutch East Indies.

Government ban the shifting cultivation because they regared this practice as harmful for the forests. They felt that the land which was used for cultivation every few years could not grow trees for railway timber. When a forest was burnt, there was the added danger of the flames sprading and burning valuable timber. Shifting cultivation also made it harder for the government to calculate taxes. Therefore, the government decided to ban shifting cultivation. As a resutl, many communities were forcibly displaced from their homes in the forests. Some had to change occupations,while some resisted through large and small rebellions. 

Definition of Nazism

• A system, a structure of ideas about the world: Nazism is a political ideology that emerged in Germany in the early 20th century. It is characterized by extreme nationalism, authoritarianism, and a belief in the superiority of the Aryan race.

Key Aspects of Nazism

• Extermination of Jews: One of the most infamous aspects of Nazism was the systematic genocide of six million Jews during the Holocaust.


• Hitler's determination to make Germany a great nation: Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party, aimed to establish Germany as a dominant world power through militarization and expansionist policies.


• Hitler's ambition of conquering the world: Hitler's ultimate goal was to create a global empire under Nazi rule, leading to World War II and widespread devastation.

In conclusion, while Nazism encompasses a system of ideas and beliefs, it is also associated with extreme acts of violence, genocide, and aggressive expansionism. It is essential to recognize the full scope of Nazism to understand its impact on history and society.

At the time of February Revolution in Russia in 1917, Petrograd or St Petersburg was the capital of Russia. Hence, the main events of the February revolution happened in Petrograd. The large demonstrations and the clashes with the police happened in this city. The Tsar lived in this city and announced his abdication from here.