Test: Indian History- 1 - UPSC MCQ

The inscriptions were deciphered by James Princep
Besides a few inscriptions in Greek and Aramaic (which were discovered only in the 20th century), the Edicts were mostly written in the Brahmi script and sometimes in the Kharoshthi script in the northwest.
They were kept in public places and along trade routes so that maximum number of people would read them. More than religious discourses, they talk about the moral duties of the people, how to conduct life, Ashoka’s desire to be a good and benevolent ruler, and about Ashoka’s work towards this end.
The Kandahar Rock Inscription is bilingual Greek-Aramaic. The Kandahar Greek Edict of Ashoka is in Greek only, and originally probably contained all the Major Rock Edicts 1-14.

Muhammad Bin Tuglak introduced a no. of new policies for the sake of economic prosperity and governancein his empire.But most of these policies proved failure because of faulty administration.He transfered capital from Delhi to Devgiri(renamed as Daulatabad) to provide proficient administration to the southern states.But it's warm and humid climate didn't suited the Delhi people.For the increment of kingdom revenue,he imposed incremental taxes on the farmers of Ganga-Yamuna doab.But famine in the region, revoked rebellion.To tackle the femine situation,sultan created femine code and food supply centres i.e.Diwan-i-kohi.But it was too late. During this period silver supply was lessened ,so sultan introduced token currency like brass/copper and even leather to pass at a value of contemporary silver coins i.e. tanka.This token currency ruined the economy of the kingdom.Foreign traders lose their confidence in trade with indian emperor.

Angkot vat is in Cambodia, intended to be a
Vishnu temple, later transformed to Buddhism.

Initially, Chanakya was a Professor of economics and political science at the ancient university of "Takshashila". Chanakya played an important role in establishment of Mauryan Empire. He served as the chief advisor to both Mauryan emperor, Chandragupta and his son Bindusara.
Buddhist literature, especially the Jatakas, mentions it as the capital of the kingdom of Gandhara and as a great centre of learning. Gandhara is also mentioned as a satrapy, or province, in the inscriptions of the Achaemenian (Persian) king Darius I in the 5th century bce.

Option B is  the explanation of Vitarka Mudra.

Option C is the explanation of Uttarabodhi mudra.

Option D is the explanation of Abhaya mudra.

The Purananuru (Tamil: புறநானூறு, Puṟanāṉūṟu, literally "four hundred [poems] in the genre puram"), sometimes called Puram or Purappattu, is a classical Tamil poetic work and traditionally the last of the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) in the Sangam literature. It is a collection of 400 heroic poems about kings, wars and public life, of which two are lost and a few have survived into the modern age in fragments. The collected poems were composed by 157 poets, of which 14 are anonymous and at least 10 were poetess.
The Sangam texts are different from the Vedic texts, particularly the Rig Veda. They do not constitute religious literature. The short and long poems were composed by numerous poets in praise of various heroes and heroines and are in secular nature.

All are correct

Samkhya denies the final cause of Ishwara and considers Veda as reliable source of knowledge. Yoga believes in personal god. Mimamsa has atheistic and theistic doctrines. Kapalika does not exist.

The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is one of the Principal Upanishads and one of the first Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism.
Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is about the discussion between both - Gargi participated in the brahmayajna, a philosophic debate organized by King Janaka (Father of Sita) and challenges the sage Yajnavalkya with perplexing questions on the issue of atman (soul).

(a) The varnas have been known since a hymn in the Rigveda (the oldest surviving Indian text) that portrays the Brahman (priest), the Kshatriya (noble),the Vaishya (commoner), and the Shudra (servant) issued forth at creation from the mouth, arms, thighs, and feet of the primeval person (purusha).
(b) The Atharvaveda (AV) is by all accounts a curious compendium of medicine in its various stages of evolution and contains the most primitive as well as some of the most highly developed stages of therapy.
(c) the early part of Vedas are called Samhitas and the ritualistic commentary on the mantras and rituals are called the Brahmanas which together are identified as the ceremonial karma-kanda, while Aranyakas and Upanishads are referred to as the jnana-kanda.
(d) In fact Upanishads are parts of Vedas. Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva are the four Vedas. A Veda is divided into four parts, namely, Samhita, Brahmana, Aranyaka and Upanishad.Since Upanishad forms the end part of a Veda it is also called as Vedanta.

There were two divisions among the followers of jainism 

1. Swetambaras (the white clad) 

2. Digambaras (the sky clad).

The proponent of Shuddhādvaita was Vallabha. It says that World is Leela of God that is Krishna and he is Sat-Chid-Aananda. It identifies Bhakti as the only means of liberation. Vallabha was also a famous saint of Pushti Marg. He won the famous debate of Brahmavad over Shankars.
Shuddadvaita is the "purely non-dual" philosophy propounded by Vallabhacharya (1479-1531 CE), the founding philosopher and guru of the Vallabha sampradāya ("tradition of Vallabha") or Puṣṭimārga.

(a) The slabs are decorated with an object of Jain veneration such as the stupa (relic mound), dharmacakra (wheel of law), triratna (three jewels), astamangala (eight auspicious symbols), and caityavriksha (sacred tree) or with an image of a Tirthankara (saviour) or of a venerable monk.

(b) the original Buddha did not write down his teachings and did not like images of himself to be revered, symbols were used to remember and share his lessons. These symbols proved to be highly adaptable, working their ways into cultures that were receptive to Buddhist philosophy.

All are correct

All are correct

fa-hein writes that the bulk of population during the Gupta age was vegetarian and usually followed the principle of Ahimsa. The caste system prevailed and untouchability had become an established institution in this age. The chandalas occupied the lowest rank in the society.

The correct option is B.
Kabir was another well-known poet in the bhakti movement who also belonged to the nirgun bhakti tradition. Both Ravidas and Kabir challenged upper caste hegemony. Disciples of Kabir are known as Kabir-panthis.

All are correct

Both are correct

Both are correct

There is a fourth aspect- Aaharya

Tabla is not a part of bharatnatyam

Pallavi is related to carnatic

Unrestricted access to Christian missionaries
occurred was permitted only after 1833. The position of tribal people was reduced to agricultural labourers, share-croppers and rack-rented tenants and hence their forest rights disturbed.

All are correct

The role played by the intelligentsia of Bengal who organised a powerful campaign in support of the peasantry.Thus, the Revolt displayed the traits of a tremendous initiative, well planned and well executed, which ensured its success.
The Indigo Revolt of 1859-60 were one of the most expressive revolt of the peasant community against the ravages of the Europeans.The extreme losses the peasants had to bear,corruption among the planters,the extreme activities of the planters(even by using 'lathiyals') to coerce the peasants made them revolt against the foreigners.
 

Correct Answer :- b

Explanation :- This was followed in the south by the formation of the Irish Volunteers to restrain Ulster. Both Nationalists and Republicans, except for the All-for-Ireland Party, brushed unionist concerns aside with "no concessions for Ulster", treating their threat as a bluff.

On the surface, the nationalist Indian demands of those years — no reduction of import duties on textile import no expansion in Afghanistan or Burma, the right to bear arms, freedom of the Press, reduction of military expenditure, higher expenditure on famine relief, Indianization of the civil services, the right of Indians to join the semi-military volunteer corps, the right of Indian judges to try Europeans in criminal cases, the appeal to British voters to vote for a party which would to Indians — look rather mild, especially when considered separately. 

Indian Association

In 1878 it Indian Association opposed the Vernacular Press Act, which stifled the Indian press. It advocated local self-government.

Economic analysis was made earlier too.
Dadabhai Nauroji came up with his Drain Theory

Only against the Indian language newspapers

He was not among the founders of Poona
Sarvajanik Sabha. Founded by MG Ranade in 1870.