Test: The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China - 1 - UPSC MCQ

Tonkin free schools established to provide western education in Vietnam. It was because the French wanted to impart Western-style education to the Vietnamese. 

Factors on which colonial economy of Vietnam was based :-
i.) Colonies were considered essential tosupply natural resources and other essential goods.
ii) Vast system of irrigation work was developed to increase rice production.
iii) Rice became an important export item in international market.

The leader who bought together all the competing Vietnamese nationalist groups in 1930 was Ho Chi Minh.

Phan Chu Trinh aimed at the freedom of Vietnam and he opposed the ideas of phan boi chau. He was an ideal of nationalism who wanted their nation to be democratic republic with the help of the french but not a monarchy form. He also reluctantly resisted the western civilization.

Ho Chi Minh was the founder and leader of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

Reasons for US entering into the war with Vietnam:

a. The US got involved in the war in Vietnam because it feared that a communist government would come to power in Vietnam after the National Liberation Front formed a coalition with the Ho Chi Minh government in the north, against Ngo Dinh Diems regime.

b.  US policy-planners feared a spread of communism to other countries in the area, that is it would have a domino effect.

c. US entry into the Vietnam war was the outcome of humiliating defeat of the France, a European country, at the hands of a small Asian country Vietnam. 

d. The unification of the North and south Vietnam which was in violation of Geneva convention was closely watched by US which feared the rising power of the communist.

e. Ideological differences that prevailed with US representing capitalist bloc and Vietnam communist ideology.

The restoration society was a society meant for ending French colonial rule over Vietnam. Vietnamese students in Tokyo established a branch of this society in Tokyo. But when the Japanese government itself started to expand its colonies in Asia, it did not want a foreign anti-colonial society in its territory. Hence, the Japanese interior ministry tried to close down the society. This forced the members of the society to seek exile in China and Thailand.

National Liberation Front (NLF), formally National Front for the Liberation of the South, Vietnamese Mat-Tran Dan-Toc Giai-Phong Mien-Nam, Vietnamese political organization formed on December 20, 1960, to effect the overthrow of the South Vietnamese government and the reunification of North and South Vietnam. 

Three features of scholars revolt:
- It was led by the officials at the imperial court.
- It was against french domination.
- They were angered by the spread of christianiny by french and were against it.

In the Ngu An and Ha Tein proveinces more than thousand catholics were killed by officials.

The Chairman of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was Ho Chi Minh. In February 1930, Ho Chi Minh brought together competing nationalist groups to establish the Vietnamese Communist Party, later renamed the Indo-Chinese Communist Party.