Agriculture: CUET Mock Test - 4 - CUET Humanities MCQ

The correct answer is as follows:

Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

• Solar energy is the source of energy of life. Autotrophs depend on solar energy directly to obtain their food, heterotrophs depend on autotrophs for food.
• Autotrophic organisms convert solar energy into chemical energy and generate food by using photosynthetically active compounds.

Vacuoles and lysosomes are the single-membrane bound cell organelles. Nucleus and mitochondria are double-membrane bound organelles.

The main objective of biotechnology in agriculture is to help in production of disease resistance variety of plant as well as a virus free plant.

Fruits and vegetables are important part of our dietary, which are rich source of nutrients (carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber). Carbohydrates, protein and fat are macronutrients, considered as energy sources. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients which play important role in body building.

Zwitter ions are dipole ions, i.e. the same molecule contains both positive and negative charges. For example, in amino acids, a proton from –COOH group migrates to –NH₂ group and a dipolar molecule is formed.

The bacterial flagellum is a motile organelle composed of thousands of protein subunits. The filamentous part that extends from the cell membrane is called the axial structure and consists of three major parts, the filament, hook, and rod. Flagellin is a globular protein that constitutes flagella.

Fungi have saprophytic mode of nutrition. Saprophytic organisms obtain their nutrition from dead and decaying matter.

Roughage is the fibrous indigestible material in vegetable and foodstuffs which aids the passage of food and waste products through the gut.

A newly hatched chick is not able to regulate its body temperature due to which extra heat is provided externally during the first few weeks. If extra heat is not provided to the newly hatched chicks, chicks tend to show reluctance to the feed and water. It is a really good brooding management. This helps in good digestion of yolk.

The process of removal of sexual organs of a male animal to hinder the progeny is known as castration. Animal breeding is a highly selective process and those male animal individuals that don't possess the desired qualities are not allowed to breed to save cost prices.
Canning is a food preservation method.
Capping and tailing are post-transcription modifications done in cellular processes.

Vaccination protects cattle from various infectious diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. It provides immunity to animals, i.e. the power to fight against diseases. Thus, vaccination protects cattle from various infectious diseases. Thus, option (2) is correct.
Lactation describes the secretion of milk and the process of providing it to the young one, and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young one. The chief function of lactation is to provide nutrition and immune protection to the young one after birth. Gestation period is the time period in which a foetus or baby develops inside the womb of the mother. Thus, options 1, 3 and 4 are incorrect.

Calcium carbonate is a liming agent used to treat soil pH. Liming agents are use to treat acidic soils. All other options mentioned here are used to treat alkaline soils.

Black soils are most suitable for the cotton crop hence it is also known as black cotton soil. Besides cotton, the soil is suitable for the cultivation of crops like wheat, groundnut, chillies, tobacco and jowar.

When water is applied to the cropland without any preparation of land and without any levees to guide or restrict the flow of water on the field, the method is called uncontrolled, wild or free flooding. In this method of flooding, water is brought to field ditches and then admitted at one end of the field, thus letting it flood the entire field without any control.
Uncontrolled flooding generally results in excess irrigation at the inlet region of the field and insufficient irrigation at the outlet end.

Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. Infiltration rate in soil science is a measure of the rate at which soil is able to absorb rainfall or irrigation. It is measured in inches per hour or millimetres per hour.
The rate decreases as the soil becomes saturated since the capacity to absorb the water decreases.

Weeds are undesirable small plants, which grow along with the main crop and compete with it for nutrients, water and sunlight.

Cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk are the four major fibre crops grown in India. The first three are derived from the crops grown in the soil, the latter is obtained from cocoons of the silkworms feeding on green leaves, especially mulberry.

Insects affect crop plants by sucking food and water from plant bodies; by cutting roots, stems and leaves of plants; and also by entering into fruits and destroying them.

Hay is grass, legumes and other herbaceous plants that have been cut and dried to be used as animal fodder.
In the process of hay making, water content is reduced to inhibit microbial enzyme activity.

Wind erosion can be caused by a light wind that rolls soil particles along the surface through to a strong wind that lifts a large volume of soil particles into the air to create dust storms.
Evaporation increases due to wind.
Pests can spread through wind as it can propagate spores.

Maltose is a disaccharide made up of two units, each of glucose. The two units of glucose are joined together covalently by an glycosidic bond which is formed when a hydroxyl group on one sugar reacts with the anomeric carbon on another.

In the cross between a heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt) and a homozygous dwarf pea plant (tt), the tall parent produces two types of gametes with "T" allele and "t" allele whereas dwarf parent produces all gametes with "t" allele. Random fusion of gametes carrying T and t produces zygotes carrying Tt genotype, and fusion of gametes carrying "t" allele from tall plant and "t" allele from dwarf parent, the "tt" zygote, produces dwarf plants. According to the law of dominance, the presence of one copy of allele for tallness (T, the dominant allele) is sufficient to mask the expression of an allele of dwarfism (t, the recessive allele). Therefore, the progeny with Tt genotype would exhibit tall phenotype and progeny with "tt" genotype produces dwarf phenotype.

Development of shoot and root is determined by auxin and cytokinin ratio in plants. A high ratio of auxin to cytokinin leads to initiation of root development, whereas a low ratio leads to development of shoots. Auxins like IAA, NAA and IBA stimulate regeneration of roots and cytokinins like BAP stimulate regeneration of shoots.

Proteins are made up of amino acid units by the formation of peptide bonds between amino group of an amino acid and carboxyl group of another adjacent amino acid unit. Thus, proteins are also called polyamides.

Sargassum does not contain the green pigment for photosynthesis. It contains brown coloured pigment.

Fungi do not contain chlorophyll or carry out photosynthesis. As fungi feed on dead and decayed organisms they are heterotrophs.

A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material.

White revolution refers to the introduction of growth of milk production and encouragement of Indian dairy farmers to keep more animals for increasing production of milk.

Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that causes an acute vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals. FMD is characterised by fever and blister-like sores on the tongue and lips, in the mouth, on the teats and between the hooves. The disease causes severe production losses, and while the majority of affected animals recover, the disease often leaves them weakened and debilitated.