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Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - UPSC MCQ


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30 Questions MCQ Test History for UPSC CSE - Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1

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Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 1

The purpose of the Landholders’ Society was to promote the class interests of 

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 1
The reckoned to be the first political association of modern India. Formally launched in Calcutta in March 1838, it was renamed the Landholders' Society shortly afterwards. Landed magnates like Raja radhakant dev, dwarkanath tagore, Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Rajkamal Sen and Bhabani Charan Mitra were its leading members. The promotion of landholders' interests through petitions to government and discreet persuasion of the bureaucracy was its professed object. Among its aims were securing a halt to the resumption of rent-free tenures and an extension of the permanent settlement of land all over India, including the grant of lease of waste land to their occupants. The demand for reform of the judiciary, the police and the revenue departments was also on its agenda.
Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 2

Match the following Associations with the years in which they were organised:

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 2

Correct Answer:B

Chetty established Madras Native Association in 1852 as a platform for educated Indians to protest against any injustice on the part of the British. It was the first Indian political organization in the Madras Presidency. Chetty served as its first president. British Indian Association, The. British Indian Association, The was founded on October 29, 1851 at Calcutta with Raja radhakanta dev and debendranath tagore as its President and Secretary respectively.

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Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 3

The most powerful noble during the reign of Bahadur Shah and Jahandar Shah was 

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 3

The correct option is C.
Syed Abdullah Khan and Syed Husain Ali Khan Barha, who were powerful in the Mughal Empire during the early 18th century.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 4

Where did Dadabhai Nauroji, the Grand Old man of India, organise the East India Association in 1867 to discuss the Indian question and to influence British public men to promote Indian welfare?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 4
Location of East India Association

  • London: Dadabhai Nauroji organized the East India Association in London in 1867.

  • Glasgow: Not the correct location for the organization of the East India Association.

  • Aberdeen: Not the correct location for the organization of the East India Association.

  • None of these: The correct location is London, not none of these.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 5

The Poona Sarvajanik Sahba was organised in 1870’s by

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 5
Formation of Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

  • M.G. Ranade: The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was organised in the 1870s by Mahadev Govind Ranade, who was a prominent Indian scholar, social reformer, and author.


Objectives of Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

  • Social Reforms: The Sabha aimed at promoting social reforms and addressing issues related to education, women's rights, and caste discrimination.

  • Political Awareness: It also worked towards creating political awareness among the masses and advocating for the rights of the people.


Significance of Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

  • Role in Indian National Movement: The Sabha played a crucial role in the Indian national movement by mobilizing public opinion and fostering a sense of unity among the people.

  • Contribution to Society: It made significant contributions to society by initiating various social welfare programs and advocating for the upliftment of the marginalized sections.


Conclusion

  • Legacy: The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha left a lasting legacy in the history of India's struggle for independence and social reform, laying the foundation for future movements and organizations.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 6

The Madras, Mahajan Sabha and the Bombay Presidency Association were mainly devoted to criticism of important administrative and legislative measures. They were started respectively in

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 6
Madras, Mahajan Sabha, and Bombay Presidency Association

  • Madras, Mahajan Sabha, and Bombay Presidency Association: These organizations were primarily focused on criticizing important administrative and legislative measures during their time.

  • Founded years: The Madras and Mahajan Sabha were started in 1884, while the Bombay Presidency Association was established in 1885.

  • Objective: The main aim of these associations was to voice concerns and objections regarding various government policies and decisions.

  • Members: The organizations attracted members from different sections of society who were interested in participating in the political discourse of the time.

  • Significance: These associations played a crucial role in shaping public opinion and advocating for reforms in the colonial administration.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 7

The most important pre-Congress nationalist organisation was the Indian Association of Calcutta which was founded by S.N. Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 7
Indian Association of Calcutta

  • Founded by: S.N. Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose

  • Year of Establishment: 1876


Significance of Indian Association of Calcutta

  • It was one of the most important pre-Congress nationalist organizations in India.

  • It played a crucial role in promoting nationalist sentiments and unity among Indians.

  • The association provided a platform for discussing political issues and advocating for Indian rights.

  • It laid the foundation for future political movements and organizations in India.


Activities of Indian Association of Calcutta

  • The association organized meetings, conferences, and lectures to raise awareness about political issues.

  • It also published newspapers and pamphlets to disseminate information and opinions on various topics.

  • Members of the association actively participated in social and political reforms in India.


Legacy of Indian Association of Calcutta

  • The Indian Association of Calcutta paved the way for the Indian National Congress, which was established in 1885.

  • It inspired a generation of Indian nationalists to work towards independence and self-governance.

  • The ideals and principles of the association continued to influence the Indian freedom struggle in the years to come.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 8

The first major issue that the Indian Association took up for agitation was

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 8

The first major issue that the Indian Association took up for agitation was the reform of the Civil Service regulations and the raising of the age limit for its examination. Surendranath Banerjea toured different parts of the country during 1877-78 in an effort to create an all-India public opinion on this question.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 9

The Indian Association sponsored an All-lndia National Conference at Calcutta which was attended by several leaders from outside Bengal. It was held in

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 9

The correct answer is C as The Indian Association sponsored an All-india National Conference at Calcutta which was attended by several leaders from outside Bengal. It was held in 1883

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 10

The Indian Association merged with the Indian National Congress in

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 10
Indian Association Merger with Indian National Congress

  • Year of Merger: 1886

  • Reason for Merger: The Indian Association, founded by Dadabhai Naoroji, merged with the Indian National Congress in 1886 to form a stronger political organization to fight for Indian independence.

  • Significance of Merger: The merger helped in uniting various political factions and leaders under one platform, leading to a more coordinated and effective freedom struggle against British colonial rule.

  • Impact: The merger marked a significant turning point in the history of the Indian independence movement, setting the stage for future collective actions and protests against British imperialism.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 11

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume who was a retired English

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 11
Background of the Indian National Congress

  • Founded in 1885: The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume, who was a retired English civil servant.


Role of A.O. Hume

  • Retired English Civil Servant: A.O. Hume was a retired civil servant who played a crucial role in initiating the formation of the Indian National Congress.


Reasons for Foundation

  • Representation: The Congress was formed to provide a platform for Indians to express their political views and demands for greater representation in the British colonial government.


Significance of the Indian National Congress

  • Nationalist Movement: The Indian National Congress played a key role in the Indian nationalist movement and eventually became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement.

  • Political Platform: It provided a platform for Indian leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and others to unite and work towards independence from British rule.


Conclusion

  • Legacy: The Indian National Congress continues to be a prominent political party in India, reflecting its historical significance and contribution to the country's independence struggle.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 12

The aims of the Indian National Congress were declared at its first session at Bombay in December 1885. The chief among the aims was

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 12

The Indian National Congress conducted its first session in Bombay from 28–31 December 1885 at the initiative of retired Civil Service officer Allan Octavian Hume. In 1883, Hume had outlined his idea for a body representing Indian interests in an open letter to graduates of the University of Calcutta. Its aim was to obtain a greater share in government for educated Indians, and to create a platform for civic and political dialogue between them and the British Raj. Hume took the initiative, and in March 1885 a notice convening the first meeting of the Indian National Union to be held in Poona the following December was issued. Due to a cholera outbreak there, it was moved to Bombay.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 13

How many delegates attended the first session of the Indian National Congress which was presided over by W.C. Banerjee?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 13
Explanation:

  • First Session of the Indian National Congress: The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in December 1885 in Bombay.

  • Presided over by W.C. Banerjee: The session was presided over by Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee.

  • Number of Delegates: There were a total of 72 delegates who attended the first session of the Indian National Congress.

  • Significance: This session marked the beginning of the Indian National Congress as a political party that played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 14

The Second session of the Indian national Congress was held in Calcutta (436 delegates) in December 1886. This session was presided over by

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 14
Session Details:

  • Date: December 1886

  • Location: Calcutta

  • Number of Delegates: 436

  • Presiding Officer: Dadabhai Nauroji


Details about Dadabhai Nauroji:

  • Contribution: Dadabhai Nauroji was a prominent figure in the Indian National Congress and is often referred to as the "Grand Old Man of India." He was known for his contributions to the Indian independence movement and his efforts towards achieving self-governance for India.

  • Presiding Officer: Nauroji's leadership during the Second session of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta showcased his dedication to the cause of Indian independence and his ability to unite delegates towards a common goal.


Significance of the Second Session:

  • Key Discussions: The Second session of the Indian National Congress saw important discussions on various issues related to the freedom struggle, including British colonial policies, economic exploitation, and the need for self-rule.

  • Resolution: The session resulted in resolutions aimed at furthering the cause of Indian independence and mobilizing public support for the movement.

  • Impact: The session laid the foundation for future sessions of the Indian National Congress and strengthened the resolve of delegates to work towards achieving independence from British colonial rule.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 15

In 1890, the first woman graduate of Calcutta University addressed the Congress session. Who was she?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 15
Answer Explanation:

  • Kadambini Ganguly: She was the first woman graduate of Calcutta University who addressed the Congress session in 1890.

  • Pandita Rama Bai: Although a prominent figure in Indian history, she was not the first woman graduate of Calcutta University.

  • Malvika Mukherjee: There is no record of Malvika Mukherjee being the first woman graduate of Calcutta University.

  • None of these: The correct answer is Kadambini Ganguly, making this option incorrect.


Therefore, the correct answer is A: Kadambini Ganguly, who was the first woman graduate of Calcutta University to address the Congress session in 1890.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 16

Which of the following twice presided over thesessions of the Indian National Congress?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 16
Answer:

  • Wedderburn twice presided over the sessions of the Indian National Congress.

  • G. Yule did not preside over the sessions of the Indian National Congress.

  • Malvika Mukherjee did not preside over the sessions of the Indian National Congress.

  • None of these refers to individuals who did not preside over the sessions of the Indian National Congress.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 17

Why is the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College important in the history of modern India?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 17
Importance of Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Modern India

  • First Session of the Indian National Congress (INC): The Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College was where the first session of the INC was held. This marked the beginning of a significant political movement in India.

  • Notable Alumni: S.N. Banerjee and Dadabhai Naoroji, who played crucial roles in the Indian independence movement, were products of this college. Their education and experiences at the college shaped their contributions to modern India.

  • Association with A.O. Hume: A.O. Hume, the founder of the INC, served as the Principal of the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College. His leadership and vision at the college had a lasting impact on the political landscape of India.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 18

The phase (1885-1905) of the Indian National Movement was dominated by the moderates whose method was

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 18

The methods of the Moderates can be best described as ‘Constitutional agitation’. Their main demands were –
1.Holding of Indian Civil Services examination simultaneously in England and in India.
2.Reduction of military expenditure.
3.Separation of judiciary from the executive.
4.Grant of self-government to India within the British Empire.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 19

From 1885 to 1892, the Moderates demanded the expansion and reform of the

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 19
Expansion and Reform of Legislative Councils by Moderates (1885-1892)

  • Background: The Moderates were a group within the Indian National Congress who believed in gradual reforms and cooperation with the British government.

  • Demand for Expansion: The Moderates demanded the expansion of the Legislative Councils to give Indians more representation in the decision-making process.

  • Reasoning: They argued that a larger Indian presence in the Legislative Councils would lead to better governance and address the grievances of the Indian population.

  • Reform Proposals: The Moderates also proposed reforms such as increasing the number of elected Indian members, granting more powers to the Councils, and allowing for more discussions on important issues.

  • Impact: The demands of the Moderates laid the foundation for future constitutional reforms in India and paved the way for increased Indian participation in the legislative process.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 20

In 1905, which of the following raised the demand for swarajya or self-government within the British empire, from the Congress platform?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 20
G.K. Gokhale

  • Background: In 1905, the demand for swarajya or self-government within the British empire was raised from the Congress platform.

  • Role of G.K. Gokhale: G.K. Gokhale was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress during this time.

  • Advocating for Swarajya: Gokhale played a significant role in advocating for self-government or swarajya within the British empire.

  • Push for Reforms: He pushed for political reforms that would lead to greater autonomy for Indians within the British system.

  • Influence on Congress: Gokhale's advocacy for swarajya influenced the Congress party's agenda and approach towards achieving self-government.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 21

Who declared as early as 1881 that British rule was “an everlasting, increasing, and everyday increasing foreign invasion” that was “utterly, though gradually, destroying the country”?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 21
Explanation:

  • Dadabhai Nauroji: He declared as early as 1881 that British rule was "an everlasting, increasing, and everyday increasing foreign invasion" that was "utterly, though gradually, destroying the country".

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 22

In 1861, where did students burn foreign clothes as part of the larger swadeshi campaign?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 22

Correct Answer :- b

Explanation : Students in Poona and in other towns of Maharashtra publicly burnt foreign clothes in 1861 as part of the larger swadeshi campaign

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 23

What is true about the work of the nationalist from 1885- 1905?

I. They agitated for reduction in land revenue.

II. They agitated for improvement in the working conditions of plantation labourers.

III. They demanded reduction in the military expenditure of the Government of India.

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 23
Explanation:

  • Agitation for reduction in land revenue: Nationalists during this period did indeed agitate for a reduction in land revenue to alleviate the burden on farmers and promote agricultural prosperity.

  • Agitation for improvement in working conditions of plantation labourers: The nationalists also worked towards improving the working conditions of plantation labourers, who often faced harsh conditions and exploitation.

  • Demand for reduction in military expenditure: Another key demand of the nationalists was the reduction in the military expenditure of the Government of India, as they believed that excessive spending on the military was detrimental to the overall development of the country.


Therefore, all of the statements (I, II, III) are true about the work of the nationalists from 1885-1905.
Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 24

The most important administrative reform that Indians desired from 1885 to 1905 was

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 24

A is the correct option.Demands of Early Nationalists were divided in to four parts:
Constitutional Reforms
Economic Reforms
Administrative Demands
Defence of Civil Rights

The Early Nationalists made the following demands in the administrative sphere:
Repeal of the Arms act and License act
“Indianisation of services by taking exams of Indian Civil Services in India and England.”
Spread of primary education among the masses
Increase in the power of local bodies and reduction of official control over them.
 

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 25

With whose arrest in 1897, did the beginning of a new phase of the nationalist movement take place?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 25
Arrest of B.G. Tilak in 1897

  • Significance: The arrest of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1897 marked the beginning of a new phase in the nationalist movement in India.

  • Impact: Tilak's arrest galvanized the Indian nationalist movement and sparked widespread protests and demonstrations.

  • Role in Nationalist Movement: Tilak was a prominent nationalist leader who advocated for Swaraj or self-rule for India.

  • Contribution to Freedom Struggle: Tilak's arrest energized the Indian masses and led to a surge in nationalist sentiments across the country.

  • Legacy: Tilak's imprisonment and subsequent release further fueled the demand for independence from British colonial rule.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 26

A British Committee of the Indian National Congress started a journal called ‘India’. It was set up in

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 26

'The British Committee of the Indian National congress' was established in Britain by the Indian National Congress in 1889. Its purpose was to raise awareness of Indian issues to the public in Britain, to whom the Government of India was responsible.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 27

Who attacked the National Congress in a public speech and ridiculed it as representing ‘a microscopic minority of the people’?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 27

The correct option is D.
In 1887, Dufferin attacked the Early Nationalists in a speech and ridiculed it as representing only a microscopic minority of the people.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 28

Who remarked, “The Congress is tottering to its fall, and one of my great ambitions, while in India, is to assist it to a peaceful demise”?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 28
Explanation:

  • Quote: The quote "The Congress is tottering to its fall, and one of my great ambitions, while in India, is to assist it to a peaceful demise" was remarked by Curzon.

  • Context: Lord Curzon was a British statesman and served as Viceroy of India from 1899 to 1905. He had a controversial tenure in India and was known for his imperialistic policies.

  • Attitude towards Congress: Curzon had a negative view of the Indian National Congress, the leading political party advocating for Indian independence. His quote reflects his desire to see the Congress weakened and ultimately fail.

  • Imperialistic Policies: Curzon's policies in India were often criticized for being oppressive and aimed at strengthening British control over the country.

  • Legacy: Curzon's time as Viceroy left a lasting impact on India's history, with his actions influencing the Indian freedom struggle and shaping the country's future trajectory.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 29

Whose speech on the budget in 1901 expounded nationalist economic theory on the floor of the Imperial Legislative Council for the first time?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 29

The correct option is B.
Gokhale's speech on the budget in 1901 expounded nationalist economic theory on the floor of the Imperial Legislative Council for the first time, and, as Bipan.

Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 30

The 1899 session of the l.N.C. passed a resolution clearly demanding both permanent fixation of revenue in ryotwari areas and a ceiling on zamindari rent. It was presided (the session) over by

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: The Freedom Struggle- 1 - Question 30

The correct option is A.
The 1899 session of the l.N.C. passed a resolution clearly demanding both permanent fixation of revenue in ryotwari areas and a ceiling on zamindari rent.  It was presided over by R.C. Dutt. b). 

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