NDA General Ability Mock Test - 8 - NDA MCQ

To convert direct speech to indirect speech, we need to make a few changes in the sentence. Let's analyze the options:
A: He told me that he must win this game.
- In indirect speech, the pronouns usually change. Here, "I" becomes "he" and "me" becomes "him."
- The reporting verb "said" changes to "told."
- The tense of the verb usually changes from present to past.
- The word "this" remains the same as it refers to the game mentioned in the direct speech.
B: He told me that he had to win that game.
- This option correctly changes the pronouns, as explained in option A.
- The word "must" changes to "had to" to indicate past tense.
- The word "that" is used instead of "this" to refer to the game mentioned in the direct speech.
C: He told me that he had to win this game.
- This option incorrectly changes the word "this" to "that." The correct word is "this" as it refers to the game mentioned in the direct speech.
D: He told me that he must win that game.
- This option correctly changes the pronouns, as explained in option A.
- The tense of the verb remains the same, indicating present tense.
- The word "that" is used instead of "this" to refer to the game mentioned in the direct speech.
Answer:
The correct answer is option B: He told me that he had to win that game. It accurately converts the direct speech into indirect speech, taking into account the changes in pronouns, verb tense, and the use of the word "that" to refer to the game mentioned.

To convert the reported speech to direct speech, we need to consider the following points:
- The reporting verb "said" should be changed to "told" or "asked" in the reported speech.
- The pronoun "his" should be changed to "my" in the reported speech.
- The phrase "increase my pocket-money" should be changed to "increase his pocket-money" in the reported speech.
Converting the sentence to direct speech:
He said to his father, "Please increase my pocket-money."
The correct options are:
A:

He told his father, "Please increase the pocket-money."

- This option correctly changes the reporting verb to "told" and adjusts the pronoun and phrase accordingly.
B:

He pleaded his father to please increase my pocket money.

- This option does not accurately change the pronoun and phrase. It also uses the incorrect reporting verb "pleaded."
C:

He requested his father to increase his pocket-money.

- This option correctly changes the reporting verb to "requested" and adjusts the pronoun and phrase accordingly.
D:

He asked his father to increase his pocket-money.

- This option correctly changes the reporting verb to "asked" and adjusts the pronoun and phrase accordingly.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: He requested his father to increase his pocket-money.

So shows the result of the cancellation leading to planning a new event. The other options suggest contrast, examples, or simultaneity.

So indicates the result of the topic’s interest leading to further reading. The other options suggest contrast or addition.

The correct answer is Option (B) i.e. RQSP
Key Points

• The sentence logically begins with "the second scenario suggested," which introduces the context and the proposition, indicated by R.
• Next, "that the population will peak" follows up by explaining what the scenario suggested, indicated by Q.
• Following this, "at 8.5 billion by 2040" provides the specific detail related to the peak, indicated by S.
• Finally, "a decade sooner than 2050" completes the thought by placing the timeline in context, represented by P.

Therefore, the correct answer is RQSP.
Additional Information

• Option A (PSQR): This sequence incorrectly starts with "a decade sooner than 2050," leaving the context unclear and disrupting the logical flow.
• Option C (RPSQ): This sequence places "a decade sooner than 2050" before specifying the population peak, making the sentence less coherent.
• Option D (PRSQ): This sequence starts with "a decade sooner than 2050" and does not follow a logical flow, making the sentence fragmented and confusing.

The correct answer is "QPSR"

Key Points

• The sentence starts with "quotations in spoken discourse" (Q), which is the main focus of the sentence.
• This focus is then followed by the action taking place, "are introduced" (P).
• The next part of the sentence explains the specific way of introduction, "by a verb of saying" (S).
• Finally, the sentence adds the subject of the introduction, "and a pronoun" (R).
• This sequence of events makes logical sense and forms a complete and coherent sentence.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

Correct sentence: Q quotations in spoken P discourse are introduced S by a verb of saying R and a pronoun.

The correct answer is 'Ideal'.

Key Points

• The word 'utopian' pertains to an imagined place or state of things where everything is perfect. (आदर्श)
  • Example: His ideas about the future society are utopian, bearing no resemblance to reality.
• The word 'Ideal' is the best or most suitable example of something. (आदर्श)
  • Example: The school promotes an ideal image of a student who is both academically adept and socially responsible.
• Hence, the correct synonym for 'utopian' is 'Ideal'.

Therefore, the correct answer is 'Option 2'.

Additional Information

• 'Realistic' refers to the acceptance of situations as they are in reality. (यथार्थवादी)
  • Example: His plans for the business are realistic, taking into account various constraints.
• 'Practicable' suggests that something is achievable or feasible. (सम्पादनीय)
  • Example: The ideas proposed in the meeting are practicable and can be implemented immediately.
• 'Materialistic' is a tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values. (भौतिकवादी)
  • Example: The extravagant lifestyle of modern society represents a materialistic approach."

Refer to, “India has a unique role to play at the UNSC, given the near-complete polarization among the permanent members (P-5 nations), with the U.S., the U.K. and France on one side, and Russia and China on the other.”

It is very much clear from the above lines that the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are divided in their opinions and there are basically two groups in this council. The US, UK and France are on one side whereas Russia and China are on the other side.

Among the given options, we can see that Option C gives us the correct situation of the UNSC and the group based politics in the council whereas other options can be eliminated from consideration.

Refer to, “India has a unique role to play at the UNSC, given the near-complete polarization among the permanent members (P-5 nations), with the U.S., the U.K. and France on one side, and Russia and China on the other. India’s ability to work with both sides is well known.”

It is clear from the above lines that India has balanced relationship with both the camps in the UNSC Security Council and that is why India can work with both the sides.

Among the given options, Option C is the correct pick due to the fact that it gives us the correct equation of Indian government with the other countries. Other options can be eliminated since they do not follow from the information given in the passage.

Refer to, “An even bigger challenge will be to nudge all five permanent members on the one issue they have unitedly resisted: towards the reform and expansion of the UNSC, which would include India’s claim to a permanent seat at the high table.”

It is clear from the above lines that the author wants the government to take up the challenge to get India a seat in the United Nations Security Council. It should get permanent membership of that council after getting into the non-permanent membership of the organization.

Among the given options, we can see that Option A is our pick since it provides us the correct opinion of the author regarding the ultimate goal of India after getting the UNSC non-permanent membership group. Others can be ruled out due to the fact that they do not follow from the given passage.

The first statement in the sequence should be the one that best connects with S1. It must be a continuation or extension of S1.
R is first in the sequence. S1 starts by saying that Tagore had no blueprint for the world's salvation, unlike many other modern thinkers. R adds to this point. It says that he believed in no particular 'ism'.
R is followed by Q. Q tells us what Tagore believed. It says that he merely emphasised certain basic truths which men ignore only at their peril.
Q is followed by P. P infers from Q. It says that since he merely emphasised on basic truths, his thought will never be out of date.
P is followed by S. S adds a point after P. It says that he was what Gandhiji rightly termed the Great Sentinel.
S6 infers from P. It says that as a great sentinel, he will always delight as a poet, enchant as a singer and enlighten as a teacher.
Thus, the correct sequence is RQPS.

The correct answer is "SQPR"

Key Points

• Sentence S1 mentions that James Watt used the power of steam to drive machines.
• Sentence S explains that his invention was later used by other clever men to give us the railway engine.
• Sentence Q says that many years later, the petrol engine was invented.
• Sentence P mentions that with petrol engines, people were able to build motor cars and aeroplanes, which provided quicker means of traveling.
• Sentence R states that the jet engine is a relatively more recent invention.
• Sentence S6 confirms this by stating that the jet engine is more recent.
• When the sentences are put in this order, they form a coherent and logical paragraph about the history of transportation technology, beginning with James Watt's use of steam power and culminating in the development of the jet engine.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

Correct paragraph: S1 James Watt used the power of steam to drive machines. S His invention was used later by other clever men to give us the railway engine. Q Then, many years later, the petrol engine was invented. P With petrol engines people were able to build motor cars and aeroplanes. R These provided quicker means of traveling. S6 The jet engine is relatively more recent.

Thus indicates the result of the cancellation leading to booking a train. The other options suggest examples, contrast, or alternatives.

The correct answer is quantum computers.

Key Points

• A qubit, or quantum bit, is the fundamental unit of quantum information in quantum computing.
• Unlike a classic binary bit, which can exist in one of two states (0 or 1), a qubit can exist simultaneously in multiple states due to quantum superposition.
• This property allows quantum computers to process a vast amount of information at once, making them potentially much more powerful than classical computers for certain tasks.
• Quantum entanglement, another quantum phenomenon, allows qubits that are entangled to be correlated with each other regardless of the distance separating them. This is integral for quantum computing and quantum cryptography.
• Current research and development in quantum computing are focused on harnessing these properties for applications in cryptography, modeling, and solving complex computational problems that are infeasible for classical computers.

Additional Information

• Classical computers
  • Classical computers use the traditional binary data system (bits), which can be either a 0 or a 1.
  • They are powerful for a wide range of tasks, including general-purpose computing and running of software applications, but are limited by binary processing for specific complex computations.
• Classical cryptography
  • Relies on traditional mathematical computations for encryption and security.
  • While quantum computers pose a threat to classical cryptography due to their potential to break existing encryption methods, classical forms are still widely used and effective for most current security needs.
• Lasers
  • Lasers emit light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
  • While they have applications in various areas of science and technology, including in creating quantum states for research, they do not inherently involve qubits or quantum computing.

Polished surfaces are poor radiators of heat. So loss of heat on that account is reduced and the electric iron remains hotter than otherwise.

The correct answer is Pradhan Mantri Samajik Utthan and Rozgar Adharit Jankalyan

In News

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurates ‘Pradhan Mantri Samajik Utthan and Rozgar Adharit Jankalyan’ (PM-SURAJ) national portal, emphasizing credit support for one lakh entrepreneurs from disadvantaged communities.

Key Points

• PM-SURAJ portal signifies the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment’s commitment to prioritizing underprivileged individuals in development initiatives.
• The event includes interactions with beneficiaries of schemes like NAMASTE, VCF-SC, VCF-BC, and ASIIM, aimed at economic upliftment of Scheduled Castes, backward classes, and Safai Mitras.
• Ministry distributes Ayushman health cards and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) kits to Safai Mitras under the NAMASTE program, ensuring access to cashless healthcare services and safety for frontline workers.
• The government’s dedication to “Vanchiton Ko Variyata” ensures equitable support for historically underserved communities, aligning with the broader vision of “Viksit Bharat” for inclusive development.

The correct answer is Statements 1 and 2 are true; 3 is false.

Concept:

• Hormones play a crucial role in the onset and regulation of reproductive functions during adolescence, including the initiation of puberty.
• The pituitary gland is a key player in the endocrine system, regulating the release of hormones, including sex hormones, which in turn play significant roles in sexual development and function.
• Sex hormones also influence emotional and cognitive changes, not just physical development, during puberty and across the lifespan.

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is true: Hormones are critical in initiating reproductive functions and other physical changes during adolescence.
• Statement 2 is true: The pituitary gland plays a regulatory role in the release of sex hormones, acting under the influence of the hypothalamus and affecting the gonads testes in males and ovaries in females.
• Statement 3 is false: Sex hormones have a broader array of effects, including on emotional and cognitive development. For example, changes in estrogen and testosterone levels are associated with mood fluctuations, cognitive changes, and behavioral adjustments during puberty.

​Conclusion:

Let v be the speed of sound and u the speed of train.

Then 
and

The correct answer is: is equal to f

Because both of them have current flowing through them in equal ratio. i1: i2 = mag1: mag2

During interconversion of energy from one form to other forms, total energy at any time remains constant.

The correct answer is 1 and 4 only.

Key Points

• Melghat Tiger reserve:
  • It lies in the Melghat Forests of Amravati district in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra.
  • It is a part of the Satpura-Maikal landscape.
  • Protected Areas within the Reserve include Gugamal National Park, Wan, Ambawarba, and Narnala sanctuaries.
  • The Tapi river flows through the northern end of the Melghat Tiger Reserve, through a forest that lies within the catchment area of the river system. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched.
  • It is the Deccan trap and the underlying rock is basalt in one form or another.
  • The forests are of deciduous nature and have been classified as ‘dry deciduous forests.
  • The most prominent tree is the Teak.
  • The Korku tribe adds to the cultural diversity of the Reserve.
• Dehing Patkai Wildlife sanctuary: ​
  • It is located in the districts of Dibrugarh and Tinsukia.
  • Dehing Patkai is a deciduous rainforest interspersed with semi-evergreen and lush green flora, the only patch of virgin rainforest in Assam.
  • It comprises Jeypore, Upper Dehing, and Dirok.
  • Dehing is the name of the river that flows through this forest and Patkai is the hill at the foot of which the sanctuary lies.
  • The Wildlife Sanctuary is endowed with rich bio-diversity.
  • Dehing is the name of the river that flows through this forest and Patkai is the hill at the foot of which the sanctuary lies. Hence, pair 2 is not correctly matched.
• Sharavathi Valley Wildlife Sanctuary:
  • It is located in the Sharavathi River Valley of Sagar Taluk in the Shivamogga District of Karnataka. Hence, pair 3 is not correctly matched.
  • The Sanctuary lies in the Western Ghats, mainly covered with evergreen and semi-evergreen forests in the valleys and grassy patches on hilltops, and is immensely rich in flora and fauna both in variety and diversity.
  • The Sanctuary is immensely rich in species like Dhoopa, Gulmavu, Surahonne, Mavu, Nandi, etc.
  • It also harbours wildlife like Bison, Spotted deer, Tiger, Panther, etc.
• Nagarahole National Park:
  • Nagarahole is named after Nagarahole, a winding river that runs eastwards through its centre situated in the two districts of Mysore and Kodagu in the state of Karnataka.
  • Nagarahole National Park forms a part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and together with Bandipur National Park and Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary to its South-East and Wayanad to the South-West is one of the last remaining and best-protected habitats for endangered species like the Elephant and the Tiger.
  • The river Kabini originates in the Wayanad district of Kerala, and flows eastward to join the river Cauvery, which empties into the Bay of Bengal.
    • This is the largest river in the Nagarhole National Park and was dammed in 1974 for an irrigation project. Hence, pair 4 is correctly matched.

The Sutlej River is significant in regional geography as it is a major source of irrigation and hydroelectric power. As a crucial tributary of the Indus River, it supports various irrigation projects and hydroelectric plants, playing a vital role in the agricultural and energy sectors of both India and Pakistan. Its waters are allocated primarily for irrigation as per the Indus Waters Treaty.

The correct answer is Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle.

In News

• DRDO conducted the first successful flight test of an indigenously developed Agni-5 missile with Multiple Independently Targetable Re-Entry Vehicle ( MIRV) technology.
• The flight test named Mission Divyastra was carried out from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island in Odisha.

Key Points

• MIRV is a technology enabling a single missile to deploy multiple nuclear warheads independently to different targets.
• This technology significantly enhances the effectiveness and flexibility of missile systems.
• MIRVs are possessed by a select group of nations including the US, UK, Russia, France, and China.
• India's successful development of MIRV technology represents a significant advancement in its defense capabilities and strategic position.
• MIRVs allow for a single missile to hit multiple targets simultaneously, increasing the potency of a country's nuclear arsenal.
• The technology is crucial for executing a punishing second strike with lethal capabilities, particularly in the context of India's no-first-use policy.

The correct answer is Only 2.

In News

• Times of India: Kutch villagers' treasure hunt helps unearth Harappan site near Dholavira.

Key Points

Morodharo Harappan sites:

• Archaeologists recently discovered a Harappan-era fortified settlement named Morodharo.
• Morodharo is located in Kutch Desert, Gujarat 50km away from Dholavira. Lothal is located on the bank of the Sabarmati River. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• Dholavira is the only IVC site which is divided into three parts. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Morodharo (a Gujarati word for less salty and potable water). It yielded a large quantity of Harappan pottery, similar to those found in Dholavira.
• The settlement looks mature (2,600-1,900 BCE) to late (1,900-1,300 BCE) Harappan.
• The fortification measures 102 m east to the west and 58 m north to the south.

1. It is a very sensitive anti-personnel landmine.

   • This statement is correct. Butterfly mines, also known as PFM-1 mines, are a type of anti-personnel landmine known for being sensitive and dangerous.

2. It is very sensitive to the touch, and just the act of picking it up can set it off.

   • This statement is correct. Butterfly mines are designed to be highly sensitive and can be triggered by minimal pressure or handling.

3. These are termed as 'soft target blast munition' by the DRDO.

   • This statement is incorrect. Butterfly mines are not specifically termed 'soft target blast munition' by the Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). This designation does not align with common terminology used for these mines.

4. It is banned by the International Convention on land mines.

   • This statement is correct. Butterfly mines are banned under the Ottawa Treaty, also known as the Mine Ban Treaty, which aims to eliminate anti-personnel landmines.

Given this analysis, the incorrect statement is: These are termed as 'soft target blast munition' by the DRDO

Gamma radiation, also known as gamma rays or hyphenated as gamma-rays and denoted as y, is electromagnetic radiation of high frequency and therefore high energy. Gamma rays are ionizing radiation and are thus biologically hazardous. They are classically produced by the decay from high energy states of atomic nuclei (gamma decay), but are also created by other processes.

Electrically neutral atoms simply possess the same number of electrons as protons. This gives the object a balance of both type of charge.

Mangroves serve as natural barriers that protect coastal communities from cyclones and erosion by stabilizing shorelines and reducing the force of floodwaters. Their presence has been linked to reduced devastation during natural disasters, demonstrating their vital role in disaster risk reduction and environmental health.

The Bengal Florican was one of the priority species identified during the grassland bird census in Kaziranga National Park. This census aimed to document rare and threatened grassland birds, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts for these species and their habitats.