NDA General Ability Mock Test - 6 - NDA MCQ

As a result indicates the consequence of studying hard, leading to confidence. The other options suggest examples, contrast, or simultaneity.

The correct answer is "QRPS"

Key Points

• The sentence is talking about the National People's Congress (NPC), which is the main subject of the sentence.
• The NPC is described as having a certain number of members (nearly 3,000) (Q & R).
• The sentence then goes on to describe the constitutional role of the NPC (P).
• Lastly, the sentence states that the NPC is the highest state organ of power (S).
• This sequence of events makes logical sense and forms a complete and coherent sentence.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

Correct sentence: Q The nearly 3,000 member R National People's Congress (NPC) is P constitutionally the S highest state organ of power.

The correct answer is: wise.

Key Points

• The word "prudent" means acting with or showing care and thought for the future. (सावधान)
  • Example: It was prudent to save money for emergencies.
• "Wise" refers to having or showing experience, knowledge, and good judgment. (बुद्धिमान)
  • Example: Her wise decision helped the company avoid a financial crisis.
• Hence, we can infer that the meaning of 'prudent' is closest to 'wise'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: wise.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Reckless (लापरवाह): Without thinking or caring about the consequences of an action.
  • Example: His reckless driving led to a serious accident.
• Hasty (जल्दबाज़ी): Done or acting with excessive speed or urgency; hurried.
  • Example: She made a hasty decision without considering all the facts.
• Foolish (मूर्ख): Lacking good sense or judgment; unwise.
  • Example: It was foolish of him to invest all his money in one stock.

The correct answer is: Despair.

Key Points

• The word "jubilation" means a feeling of great happiness and triumph. (उत्साह)
  • Example: The team's victory was met with jubilation by the fans.
• "Despair" refers to the complete loss or absence of hope. (निराशा)
  • Example: After the failure of his business, he fell into deep despair.
• Hence, we can infer that the opposite of 'jubilation' is 'despair'.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Despair.

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Elation (उत्साह): Great happiness and exhilaration.
  • Example: She felt a sense of elation after receiving the good news.
• Ecstasy (परमानंद): An overwhelming feeling of great happiness or joyful excitement.
  • Example: He was in a state of ecstasy when he heard about the birth of his child.
• Exuberance (उत्साह): The quality of being full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness.
  • Example: The children's exuberance was evident during the playground activities.

The correct answer is "PRQS".

Key Points

• The opening sentence introduces the "digital divide" as a hurdle for online education, implying that the issue revolves around accessibility.
• P, mentioning the divide being "more pronounced in rural areas due to lacking technology infrastructure," logically follows, focusing on where the divide is most significant.
• R, highlighting "basic internet access is a challenge," expands on P by detailing a primary concern contributing to the divide, fitting naturally after mentioning the areas affected.
• Q, talking about "socioeconomic disparities" making access uneven, builds upon R by explaining who is most affected by the issues described in P and R.
• S, recommending "investing in infrastructure and providing affordable/free internet" as solutions, concludes the sequence by addressing how to tackle the challenges mentioned in the previous sentences.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Option b'.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points:

• Sentence 1 is an introduction mantra statement stating "Refuse to be miserable".
• RS as a pair starts the sentence as it talks about two aspects of life - painful or sorrowful and to be happy one needs to find occasions to be cheerful.
• P follows S. It gives a learning statement to the readers, stating that responsibility comes to those who feel responsible.
• Q follows it and talks about challenges and opportunities and tells about how one can turn failures into success.
• S6 thus is the conclusion that this is the art of right contact in life.

Thus the correct sentence order is S1 RSPQ S6

The correct answer is 'Option C' i.e. 'provides an analogy for the first'.
Key Points

• S1: "The concept of Ahimsa was adopted by Gandhiji after he was introduced to it by Tolstoy. The latter first read about it in German translation of Thirukkural, the great moral treatise in Tamil." This sentence states how Gandhiji came to adopt the concept of Ahimsa.
• S2: "Much in the same way that Gandhi was influenced by Tolstoy, in the United States of America, Martin Luther King Jr. shaped his Civil Rights Movement based on Gandhian principles." This sentence provides an analogy showing how Martin Luther King Jr. was influenced by Gandhian principles, similar to how Gandhi was influenced by Tolstoy.
• The second sentence (S2) provides an analogy for the first sentence (S1) by drawing a parallel between the influence of Tolstoy on Gandhiji and the influence of Gandhiji on Martin Luther King Jr. It highlights a similar pattern of influence and adoption of principles.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 'provides an analogy for the first'.
Additional Information

• Option A. counters the first: This would imply that the second sentence presents an opposing idea, which is not the case here.
• Option B. defends the premise of the first: This would suggest that the second sentence supports the initial statement, but it is more about drawing a parallel rather than defending.
• Option D. explains the first: This would indicate the second sentence provides a detailed explanation of the first, but it is primarily drawing an analogy rather than explaining.

The correct answer is Option (B) i.e., "S1 is wrong and S2 is right."
Key Points

• S1: The matter was resolved amicably between the group even though there were so many of them.
• The word "between" is typically used when referring to two items or parties.
• Since "the group" implies more than two people, the correct word should be "among."
• Corrected sentence: "The matter was resolved amicably among the group even though there were so many of them."
• S2: Among them the two never have problems sharing what they have.
• The word "among" is correct as it refers to the two within the larger context.
• The sentence effectively implies a comparison within the specified group of two individuals.

Additional Information

• Between is used when referring to two entities.
• Among is used when referring to more than two entities.

Yet contrasts the test’s difficulty with passing easily. The other options suggest examples, reasons, or addition.

The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest water body, enclosed or bordered by land on all sides. This massive lake is located between Asia and Europe. Five countries in Asia and Europe share the Caspian Sea’s coastline. It is bordered to the north and east by Kazakhstan and from north to the west by Russia. Azerbaijan borders the sea to the southwest, while Iran is in the south. Turkmenistan lies along the southern portion of the eastern coast. So, Option (d) is correct.

The Unity Bank BharatPe Credit Card allows users to convert their purchases into equated monthly installments (EMIs) for up to 12 months. This feature enhances financial flexibility for consumers, enabling them to manage their expenses more effectively without incurring additional fees.

The correct answer is Dendritic.

Key PointsDendritic Drainage Pattern

• A dendritic drainage pattern is the most common and widespread pattern found on the Earth’s surface. It resembles the branches of a tree or the veins of a leaf.
• The tributaries join the main rivers at acute angles, similar to the branches of a tree joining the trunk.
• This pattern is not controlled by the topographical or geological structure but rather by the slope of the land.
• The term dendritic is derived from the Greek word dendron, meaning tree.
• On a map or aerial photograph, a dendritic drainage pattern displays a tree-like branching, where smaller streams join larger ones, and these in turn feed into even larger rivers. Hence, based on the given characteristics, the drainage pattern is Dendritic.

Additional Information

• Other types of drainage patterns include radial, trellis, and centripetal, each with unique characteristics determined by local topography and geology.
• Radial patterns form when rivers flow away from a central high point, resembling spokes on a wheel, common in volcanic cones and domed mountains.
• Trellis drainage occurs in regions with alternating bands of resistant and weak rocks, leading to a pattern of long main rivers with short tributaries entering at right angles, reminiscent of a garden trellis.
• Centripetal patterns are the opposite of radial, with streams converging into a single basin from all directions, often found in deserts and basins.
• Understanding drainage patterns is crucial for geographical and environmental studies, aiding in the prediction of water flow, sediment transport, and potential areas of erosion or deposition.
• They are also significant in urban planning, environmental management, and landscape architecture, where drainage patterns influence the design of infrastructure, flood management systems, and conservation strategies.

As more and more resistors are added in parallel to a circuit, the equivalent resistance of the circuit decreases and the total current of the circuit increases.Therefore the power decreases.

Hazard zonation mapping is significant in disaster management as it helps identify safe zones for construction, thereby aiding in planning and mitigating risks associated with natural disasters, such as landslides. By mapping areas susceptible to hazards, authorities can implement effective land-use policies to enhance community safety and resilience.

The correct answer is 2 only.

Key PointsBharat Ratna Award

• The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India.
• It was instituted in the year 1954, not in 1972 as incorrectly mentioned in statement 1.
  • This award is given in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• The award does not carry any monetary grant with it, just a medallion and a citation.
  • It is a recognition by the nation of the recipient's exceptional service/contribution. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex is eligible for these awards.

Additional Information

• It is interesting to note that the Bharat Ratna and all other civilian awards were suspended from July 1977 to January 1980 and subsequently from August 1992 to December 1995.
• The recommendation for Bharat Ratna is made by the Prime Minister to the President of India, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year.
• The recipients receive a certificate signed by the President and a medallion. The award does not include any cash allowance or reward.
• Notable recipients include C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and C.V. Raman who were the first recipients of the Bharat Ratna in 1954.
• The award has been conferred upon a diverse range of individuals, including scientists, politicians, artists, and social workers.
• The criteria for awarding the Bharat Ratna have evolved over the years, and it has been awarded for achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, as well as for service of the highest order in any field of human endeavour.
• Posthumous awards have also been made. For example, former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1966.

The correct answer is Article 32.

Key Points

Understanding Article 32 of the Indian Constitution

• Article 32 of the Indian Constitution is regarded as the “heart and soul” of the Constitution by B. R. Ambedkar, one of its chief architects.
• It provides the right to constitutional remedies, allowing citizens to move the Supreme Court (or High Courts) for enforcement of their fundamental rights.
• Article 32 is a fundamental right in itself, making it a unique feature of the Indian Constitution.
• It empowers the Supreme Court to issue various types of writs - habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari - for the enforcement of rights of individuals.
• The significance of Article 32 lies in its role as a protector of citizens' liberties against arbitrary and unchecked use of power by the state.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar emphasized its importance by stating that without Article 32, the Constitution would be reduced to nullity.

Hence, the statement that Article 32 is the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution of India is correct.

Additional Information

• Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
• Article 21 guarantees the protection of life and personal liberty to every citizen.
• Article 23 prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labor.
• These articles, alongside Article 32, form the core of the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India.

*Note: gluteus maximus Largest muscle in the human body.

The Salt March, led by Mahatma Gandhi on March 12, 1930, was a direct action against the British Salt Law, demonstrating the power of nonviolent resistance.

The correct answer is DNA molecules.
Key Points
Photo 51

• Photo 51 is an X-ray diffraction image of crystallized DNA.
• It was taken by Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling at King's College London in 1952.
• The image played a crucial role in the discovery of the DNA double helix structure by James Watson and Francis Crick.
• The unique pattern in Photo 51 indicated that DNA was a double helix.
• Franklin's contributions were initially not fully acknowledged, but her work has since been recognized as pivotal in understanding DNA's structure and function.

Additional Information

• James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962 for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material.
• Rosalind Franklin had passed away by the time the Nobel Prize was awarded, and the Nobel Prize is not awarded posthumously.
• The discovery of DNA's structure opened the doors to molecular biology, allowing scientists to understand how DNA functions as the genetic material.
• DNA's double helix structure is essential for its replication and function in genetic inheritance.
• The X-ray crystallography technique used by Franklin has since become a fundamental tool in molecular biology to determine the 3D structures of biological molecules.

For a suitable pitch, the clay content should be more than 50 percent, the sand content should be less than 5 percent, the fine sand should be less than 20 percent, the silt should be less than 20 percent, and the PH value should be between 630 and 730. Generally, Red soil has less clay content, and it will easily deteriorate the pitch due to more wear and tear of the pitch. More matches on Red soil expect the spinners to dominate the matches as it generally supports spin bowling. Ex: Pitches in Mumbai are of Red soil with low clay content. Red soil is mixed with yellow soil at various matches to increase the clay content. As compared to red soil, Black soil has more water-holding capacity. Black soil has more clay content and more elasticity, so it lasts for a longer time and mainly supports the fast bowlers to bounce the ball, whereas the Red soil has less clay content, and the matches last for a shorter time. For Example, Australian pitches are mostly of black soil containing 50 to 70 percent of clay content; thus, they get so much bounce on tracks. So, Option (d) is correct.

Sudden and great fluctuations of the barometer at any time of the year indicate unsettled weather for several days, perhaps a fortnight. If the barometer falls two or threetenths of an inch in four hours, one can expect a gale of wind. If the surface of the mercury in the cistern of the barometer vibrates upon the approach of a storm, the gale can be expected to be severe.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The term ‘equality’ means the absence of special privileges to any section of society and the provision of adequate opportunities for all individuals without any discrimination.
• The Preamble secures all citizens of India equality of status and opportunity.
• This provision embraces three dimensions of equality - civic, political and economic.
• The following provisions of the chapter on Fundamental Rights ensure civic equality:
  • Equality before the law (Article 14).
  • Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15).
  • Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment (Article 16).
  • Abolition of untouchability (Article 17).
  • Abolition of titles (Article 18).
• There are two provisions in the Constitution that seek to achieve political equality.
  • One, no person is to be declared ineligible for inclusion in electoral rolls on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex (Article 325).
  • Two, elections to the Lok Sabha and the state assemblies to be on the basis of adult suffrage (Article 326).
• The Directive Principles of State Policy (Article 39) secures to men and women equal right to an adequate means of livelihood and equal pay for equal work.
• Hence, in the above question, the most appropriate definition of equality is to provide equal opportunities to the citizens without any discrimination.

The correct answer is 3 only.

Key PointsVirashaivism

• Virashaivism, also known as Lingayatism, is a distinct Shaivite religious tradition in India. It originated in the 12th century in Karnataka.
• The Virashaivas worship Shiva in the form of a Linga, a symbol representing the universe and the formless God.
• The philosophy of Virashaivism is often described as Shakti Vishishtadvaita, which combines the concept of personal god with Advaita (non-duality) philosophy.
• Ashtavarana refers to the eight shields or coverings that protect and guide a devotee on the spiritual path within Virashaivism.
  • These include Guru (teacher), Linga (symbol of Shiva), Jangama (wandering monks), Padodaka (sanctified water), Prasada (sanctified offerings), Vibhuti (sacred ash), Rudraksha (sacred beads), and Mantra (sacred chant).
• The origin of Virashaivism is traditionally attributed to the five Panchacharyas (great teachers), not the individuals mentioned in statement 1. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• While Virashaivism does emphasize a unique philosophy, the term Shaktivishishtadvaita is not commonly used to describe it. The philosophy is more accurately described as a form of qualified non-dualism, focusing on the unity of the soul with the absolute (Shiva), but this specific term is not traditionally associated with it. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• The Ashtavarana are indeed an essential aspect of Virashaiva practice, emphasizing various forms of devotion and worship towards Shiva. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Virashaivism places a strong emphasis on personal devotion and a direct relationship with God, bypassing the traditional Hindu caste system and priesthood. This has made it a movement of social reform and spiritual democracy.
• The Linga worn by followers, usually around the neck, is a distinctive practice of Virashaivism, symbolizing the presence of Shiva at all times with the devotee.
• Basavanna, a 12th-century philosopher and statesman, is one of the most revered figures in Virashaivism. He propagated the principles of equality, community service, and devotion to Shiva.
• Virashaivism contributed significantly to the Kannada literature and culture, with Vachana Sahitya being a prominent literary form expressing mystical devotion.

Option 4 is not correct.

Key Points

• The Planning Commission was set up in March 1950 in pursuance of declared objectives of the Government to promote a rapid rise in the standard of living of the people by efficient exploitation of the resources of the country, increasing production, and offering opportunities to all for employment in the service of the community.
• The Second Five-Year Plan (1956-57 to 1960-61) sought to promote a pattern of development, which would ultimately lead to the establishment of a socialistic pattern of society in India.
• The Fourth Plan (1969-74) aimed at accelerating the tempo of the development of reducing fluctuations in agricultural production as well as the impact of uncertainties of foreign aid.
  • It sought to raise the standard of living through programs designed to promote equality and social justice. The Plan laid particular emphasis on improving the conditions of the less privileged and weaker sections especially through the provision of employment and education. Efforts were directed towards the reduction of the concentration of wealth, income, and economic power to promote equity.
• The Fifth Plan (1974-79) was formulated against the backdrop of severe inflationary pressures.
  • The major objectives of the plan were to achieve self-reliance and adopt measures for raising the consumption standard of people living below the poverty line. This Plan also gave high priority to bring inflation under control and achieving stability in the economic situation. It targeted an annual growth rate of 5.5 percent in the national income.
• The Ninth Plan (1997-2002) was launched in the fiftieth year of India’s Independence.
  • The Plan aimed at achieving a targeted GDP growth rate of seven percent per annum and there was an emphasis on the seven identified Basic Minimum Services (BMS) with additional Central Assistance earmarked for these services to obtain complete coverage of the population in a time-bound manner.
  • The financial sector becomes an integral part of the plan in the 9^th five-year plan. The Plan also aimed at pursuing a policy of fiscal consolidation, whereby the focus was on a sharp reduction in the revenue deficit of the Government, including the Centre, States, and PSUs through a combination of improved revenue collections and control of inessential expenditures, particularly concerning subsidies and through the recovery of user charges and decentralization of planning and implementation through greater reliance on States and Panchayati Raj Institutions. Hence, option (d) is not correct.

 B [In the Rann of Katch]

Notes:
Luni is a river in Rajasthan which originates in the Pushkar Valley of Aravalli range near Ajmer and ends in marshy lands of Rann of Kutch in Gujarath.

• The mainland of India extends from Kashmir in the north to Kanyakumari in the south and Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Gujarat in the west.
• India’s territorial limit further extends towards the sea up to 12 nautical miles (about 21.9 km) from the coast.
• Guhar Moti is the westernmost point of India. It is a small village located in the Kutch district of Gujarat. The northernmost point of India is located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalayas, near Indira Col, Siachen Glacier. The easternmost point is Kibithu in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Our southern boundary extends up to 6°45' N latitude in the Bay of Bengal. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
• The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India is roughly about 30 degrees. Whereas the actual distance measured from north to south extremity is 3,214 km, and that from east to west is only 2,933 km. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• This difference is based on the fact that the distance between two longitudes decreases towards the poles whereas the distance between two latitudes remains the same everywhere.

In an electric circuit all other elements are connected in series but a voltmeter is connected in parallel.

The correct answer is Convection.

Key Points

Convection

• It is heat transfer by the movement of its molecules.
• It occurs only in fluids (liquid and gas) not in solids because solid particles can not move from one place to another.
• For example, in a pot boiling water on the stove, or in thunderstorms, where hot air rises to the base of the clouds.

Additional Information

Conduction:

• The heat transfer through direct physical contact is known as conduction.
• Heat transferred from one end to the other end is called conduction.
• Heat transfer through conduction can only happen in conductors of heat like iron, copper etc.
• Heat transfer does not take place across insulators like wood, plastic etc.

Radiation:

• When electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed to transfer the heat or When heat is transferred in the form of electromagnetic waves is known as radiation.
• Electromagnetic radiation includes microwaves, radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, gamma rays, and X-rays.
• The method does not require any medium so heat from the sun reaches us by this method.

Confusion Points

• The process by which heat is transferred from the hotter end to the colder end of an object is known as conduction.
• In convection, heat transfer takes place through the transfer of molecules while radiation takes place through electromagnetic waves.

The expansion of the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve is significant as it enhances conservation efforts and helps maintain the biodiversity of this unique ecosystem. The area supports a viable tiger population and is crucial for the conservation of various species and their habitats.