GATE Architecture and Planning Mock Test - 1 - GATE Architecture and Planning MCQ

All elements are moving 90° angle towards clockwise in first pair of problem figure. Same kind of rule will be followed in second problem figures pair.

Given Expression =  

In the first 2×2 square (left-most top) delineated by bold lines, the two boxes highlighted below are not suitable for ✱ 

So, the suitable box for ✱ will be❓
The solved puzzle will be as follows: 

Planting a seed is analogous to ‘raising a child’

It is mentioned that p and q are positive integers. The least positive integer is 1. The second inequality holds true only if both p and q are 1. So, the value of (p + q) is 2 

Q is not a possible shadow as the pyramid tip doesn’t connect to all four corners of the base.

As point (iv) uses the word ‘rather wander down the passage’ it can be inferred that it comes after point (i) which states an alternative option – which is ‘knocking the door’. As point (iv) mentions the decision to walk down the passage, point (iii) should be the next point as it describes the passage.

As per National building code the height of a kitchen shall not be less than 2.75 m.Size: kitchen with separate dining area shall not be less than 5 m², with minimum width of 1.8m. kitchen with dining area shall not be less than 7.5 m2, with minimum width of 2.1 m.

Ventilation shaft (NBC 2016-vol 1)
For ventilating the spaces for water-closets and bath rooms, if not opening on to front, side, rear or interior open spaces, these shall open on to the ventilation shaft, the size of which shall not be less than the values given as,

Some important definitions from Article 1 of Burra Charter are listed below:

• Place means a geographically defined area. It may include elements, objects, spaces and views. Place may have tangible and intangible dimensions.
• Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations. Cultural significance is embodied in the place itself, its fabric, setting, use, associations, meanings, records, related places and related objects.
• Fabric means all the physical material of the place including elements, fixtures, contents and objects. Conservation means all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance.
• Maintenance means the continuous protective care of a place, and its setting. Maintenance is to be distinguished from repair which involves restoration or reconstruction.
• Preservation means maintaining a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration.
• Restoration means returning a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing elements without the introduction of new material.
• Reconstruction means returning a place to a known earlier state and is distinguished from restoration by the introduction of new material.
• Adaptation means changing a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.  

The sunken fence, fosse, or ha-ha, is an English invention, used in separating that portion of the lawn near the house, from the part grazed by deer or cattle, and is only a ditch sufficiently wide and deep to render communication difficult on opposite sides. When the ground slopes from the house, such a sunk fence is invisible to a person near the latter and answers the purpose of a barrier without being in the least obtrusive. 

AQI will consider eight pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, and Pb) for which short-term (up to 24-hourly averaging period) National Ambient Air Quality Standards are prescribed. VOCs in air pollution are also a concern because they contribute to the formation of groundlevel ozone when they react with nitrogen oxides in the air. 

By observation, there should be continuous link from Entry to ‘A’ and then to ‘B’. Link from A to B can be seen only in Option B and the remaining options can be directly eliminated.

National Monuments Authority has been established under the provisions of ‘The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010'. The minimum prohibited area in respect of centrally protected monuments and protected areas is 100m, in all directions beginning at the limit of the protected area of the centrally protected monument or site. The minimum limit of regulated area of centrally protected monuments and protected areas is 200m which will begin from the limit of the prohibited area. These limits area extendable as per the classification of the centrally protected monuments and protected areas on the recommendation of the National Monuments Authority. 

The projected area of the cell normal to the direction of the sunlight is 3 x cos 60 = 1.5 m². The cell's efficiency is 18% and full sunlight has an intensity of 1000 W/m², so the output power is 0.18 x 1000 x 1.5 = 270 W.

With respect to the B.OD. removal, the usual rate adopted is 30 m³ of air per million litres for each Op.p.m of B.O.D. to be removed.

Quantity of air required = 30 x 10 x 400 = 120,000 cum per day = 83.33 cum per minute.

Indirect project Cost:

Indirect project cost are those expenditures which cannot be clearly allocated to the individual activities of the project, but are assessed as a whole.

The indirect cost rises with an increase in duration. 

Direct Project Cost: 

These include labour cost, material cost, equipment cost, etc.

Direct cost decreases with an increase in duration.

Cost slope:

The cost slope is the slope of the direct cost curve, approximated as straight line. It is defined as follows:

cost slope=Crash cost−Normal cost / (Normal time−Crash time)

C_s = C_c − C_n/(t_n − t_c) = ΔC/Δt

Where, Cs = Cost slope, ΔC = Increase in cost, Δt = Decrease in time

Calculation

Given data,

Normal activity duration = 28 days

Crash activity duration = 24 days

Cost slope = 1500/- , Indirect cost = 1000/- per day

Normal cost of activity = 55,000 /-

No. of days crashed = 28 - 24 = 4 days. 

The increase in direct cost for 4 days crashing = Cost Slope × 4 = 1500×4 = 6000 rupees

The decrease in indirect cost for 4 days = 1000×4 = 4000 rupees

Total project cost = Direct cost + Indirect cost

The total cost of the activities after crashing

= 55000 + 6000 – 4000 = 57000 rupees

∴ Total cost = 57,000 /-

The rate analysis is the determination of the rate of a particular item of construction per unit. The various factors affecting the rate analysis are:

1. Materials required for Rate Analysis:

Almost 50 % of the total cost of any work is due to the materials themselves.  

The quantity of the materials either more or less, both affects the rate analysis. Hence one should maintain the proper quantity of materials on the site.

2. Manpower requirement:

About 30 % of the total cost of the work is due to the cost of manpower.

 The selection of the workforce should be done according to their categories like skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled and their wages should also be decided according to their class.

3. Item specification:

The specification of the items indicates the proportion of materials, the process, and the work method.  

4. Tools and Plants:

They are decided on various factors such as duration of work, labor requirement, the budget of work, type of work, etc.    

5. Overhead Charges:

Overhead charges include expenses of office, labour welfare, material testing, water supply, electrification, depreciation amount etc.

This is usually considered as 2-5 % of the total cost of the work.

6. Contractor’s Profit:

Typically 10 to 15 % of the overall cost of the work is considered to be the contractor’s profit.

Ekistics is the science of human settlements including regional, city, community planning and dwelling design. Its major incentive was the emergence of increasingly large and complex conurbations, tending even to a worldwide city.

Doxiadis defines 4 principles of Ekistics for solving the problems of human settlements:

(1) Unity of Purpose

(2) Hierarchy of functions (All functions should belong to a pyramid set in a hierarchical way)

(3) Four-dimensional synthesis

(4) Many masters creating many scales

• A classification of settlements according to their size, presented on the basis of a logarithmic scale, running from Anthropos (ekistic unit 1), as the smallest unit of measurement, to the whole earth (ekistic unit 15).
• Ecumenopolis: Term coined by C.A. Doxiadis from the Greek words ecumene, that is, the total inhabited area of the world, and polis, or city, in the broadest sense of the word. It means the coming city that will - together with the corresponding open land, which is indispensable for Anthropos - cover the entire earth as a continuous system forming a universal settlement.
• House and house group: These terms replace "dwelling" and "dwelling group," which corresponded to ekistic units 3 and 4, with a population of four and 40 people respectively.

Loss of water = 40%. So run-off coefficient = 0.6
Volume of stored water from runoff = C*i*A = 0.6 * 0.4 m * 500 sqm = 120 cu.m  
Daily water demand of the household = 3*200 = 600 liters = 0.6 cu.m
No. of days the stored water will be adequate for = 120/0.6 = 200 days 

Total built-up area = Plot area * FAR = 10,000 sqm * 2 = 20,000 sqm
Number of car parking required = 20,000/100 = 200 cars
Let parking area on ground floor = ‘x’ and parking area on basement level = ‘y’. Given, x = y
Number of cars on ground floor = x/15 and Number of cars on basement level
= y/25  (x/15) + (y/25) = 200
⇒ (5y + 3y)/75 = 200
⇒ 8y = 200*75
⇒ Area of parking on basement level, y = 1875 sqm 
Number of cars that can be accommodated on basement level = 1875/25 = 75 

Let the total quantity for excavation is x cum

Cost of excavation of earth if done manually = Rs. 120 per cum

The total cost of excavation of ‘A’ cum earth if done manually, Ch = Rs. 120 × A cum

Cost of excavation by Machine, C_m = Fixed cost + variable cost                     

C_m = 40000 + 20 × A

It is given that cost of excavation by machine will be equal to the cost of manual excavation is

i.e. C_h = C_m

120 × A= 40000 + 20 × A

On solving, we get A = 400 cum

The total quantity for excavation is 400 cum

The rose (rosette) window is the shape of the openwork bay in the wall, while rose is the name of stained glass. A large circle of glass piercing a wall supporting tons of stone is characteristically Gothic architectural feat. It is accomplished by crisscrossing the opening with a visually delicate but structurally strong web of stone, which breaks the glass into smaller shapes in a symmetrical way, distributing weight equally across the circle.

A tatami is a type of mat used as a flooring material in traditional Japanese-style rooms. Tatamis are made in standard sizes, twice as long as wide, about 0.9 m by 1.8 m depending on the region. 

Minimum tension reinforcement:

Ast min/(b × d)=0.85/fy

Where,

A_{st min} = Minimum tension reinforcement, b = width of the beam, d = depth of the beam, fy = yield strength of the steel

Calculation:

Given, b = 230 mm, d = 500 mm, Dia of bars = 12 mm, fy = 500 N/mm²

Ast min/(b × d) = 0.85/fy

Ast min = (0.85 × b × d)/fy

Ast min = (0.85 × 230 × 450)/500

Ast min = 175.95 mm²

Number of rebars = 175.95/(π(12²/4)) = 175.95/113.0973

Number of rebars = 1.5557 = 2

Efflorescence is a deposit of salts, usually white, formed on a surface, the substance having emerged in solution from within either concrete or masonry and subsequently precipitated by evaporation. It occurs most readily in porous concrete near the surface.

A pycnometer is a common science equipment found in laboratories. It is used to measure the density or rather volume of solids. It uses an inert gas such as helium or nitrogen. Hence, sometimes it is also known as helium pycnometer. A pycnometer can measure solids that are porous/non-porous, regularly shaped, granular, powdered, monolithic and even comminuted.
This laboratory equipment is based on Boyle’s Law which determines the volume-pressure relationship.

Alumina is the main constituent of clay. It acts as a cementing material in raw brick. Brick clay is plastic due to the presence of alumina. This plasticity ensures that bricks can be molded. An excess amount of alumina in clay may cause the bricks to shrink, warp or crack on drying and burning as any other cementing material.
brick composition: -
1) silica- silica is about 50 to 60% of dry weight of bricks
2) Alumina is about 20 to 30% of dry weight of bricks
3) lime is about 10 to 12% dry weight of bricks
4) ferric oxide is about less than 7% of dry weight of bricks
5) magnesia is about less than 1% of dry weight of bricks
6) Alkalies is about less than 10% of dry weight of bricks.