RSMSSB Librarian Grade-III Paper 1 Mock Test- 5 - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) MCQ

The correct answer is Kalibangan.

Explanation

The archaeological excavations during the early decades of the 20th century brought to light an extensive civilization that flourished in the Indian subcontinent. It arose in the North-Western part of the Indian subcontinent.

Important Points

At the time of the partition of India in 1947, about 40 sites belonging to the Harappan Civilization were known. Now about 1400 sites of this civilization have been excavated in Pakistan and India. Among these 475 sites are located in Pakistan and 925 sites are located in India.

One of the major sites is Kalibangan.

• This centre is located in the Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan.
• It is situated on the left bank of Ghaggar.
• It derives its name from the bangles made here.
• This town is discovered in 1953 A.D. by A. Ghosh.
• Later, B.K. Thapar and B.B Lal continued with their excavation work.
• The town planning resembles that of Harappa.
• Here we have found numerous utensils, ornaments, and toys of the Harappan civilization.

From the above, it is clear that the Kalibangan site is located in present-day Rajasthan.

Other Related Points

Lets' look at some other sites of the Harappan Civilization:

• Sutkagendor is located in Baluchistan on the Dask River.
• Banawali is situated in Hissar (Haryana) on the Saraswati River.
• Lothal is located in the Ahmedabad district of Gujarat.

The correct answer is "A type of Odhani".

Key Points:

• Damini is a type of odhani in Marwar.
  • It is worn by middle-class women in Marwar.

Additional Information:

• Marwar is a region of southwestern Rajasthan state in North-Western India.
  • It lies partly in the Thar Desert.
  • In the Rajasthani dialect, "wad" means a particular area.
  • English translation of the word 'Marwar' is 'the region of the desert.'
  • The region includes the present-day districts of Barmer, Jalore, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Pali, and parts of Sikar.
  • It is bounded on the north by Jangladesh region, on the northeast by Dhundhar, on the east by Ajmer, on the southeast by Mewar, on the south by Godwar, on the southwest by Sindh, and on the west by the Jaisalmer region.

The correct answer is Directive PrinciplesExplanation

• The Directive Principles of State Policy direct(s) and guide(s) the nation/state for an equitable society and provide(s) a framework to the government in formulating policies and enactment of laws.
• Articles 36-51 under Part-IV of the Indian Constitution deal with Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
• They are borrowed from the Constitution of Ireland, which had copied it from the Spanish Constitution.
• Non-justiciable nature on recommendations of Tej Bahadur committee Report
• Positive Connotation – Establishes social and economic democracy.
• Promote the concept of a Welfare State and Inclusive Growth.
• Precursors of Panchayat Raj Institution (Art. 40- Village Panchayat)
• Fundamental in governance and apply in policy makings – Art. 37
• Novel features and Soul of the constitution – B.R Ambedkar
• DPSP is the Conscience of the constitution – Granville Austin
• Constitutional instructions to – Legislature, executive, and administration of the state.
• Enabling in nature – Enables government for a comprehensive program of social and economic justice, unlike FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS.
• Non-justiciable, Non-self-executory, non-enforceable by a court of law.
• Government can implement provisions of DPSP by legislative actions.

Other Related Points

• Significance of DPSP

• Helps courts as Guiding Light in determining and examining the constitutional validity of acts/rules/regulations.
• Symbolizes the idea of a welfare state and amplifies social and economic justice as entailed in the Preamble.
• They impose a moral obligation on the state authorities for their application, however, public opinion is the real force behind them.
• Serves as moral precepts for – Legislature, executive, and administration of state
• They serve as a Common Minimum Programme for every government irrespective of their manifestos and political ideologies.
• The Directives are the life-giving provisions of the Constitution. They constitute the stuff of the Constitution and its philosophy of social justice. – L. M Singhvi. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
• Directives lay down that the goal of Indian polity is ‘economic democracy’ as distinguished from ‘political democracy’ (Fundamental rights) – R. Ambedkar
• Supplements and complements Fundamental Rights (Part III).
• Serves as benchmarks and yardstick for people to gauge the performance of govt.
• DPSPs are intended to be a guide, friends, and philosophers of the ruling party in legislative and executive acts.
• Serves as an important tool for opposition parties to ensure accountability of the executive and exercise influence and control over the government.

The correct answer is Jasleen Kaur.

In News

• Jasleen Kaur wins Turner Prize 2024 for her exhibition 'Alter Altar'.

Explanation

• Jasleen Kaur, a Glasgow-born artist of Indian heritage, won the Turner Prize 2024 for her solo exhibition titled 'Alter Altar'.
• The exhibition featured sculptures made from gathered and remade objects, animated through immersive sound and music.
• Kaur’s work explored personal, political, and spiritual themes, drawing from her life growing up in Scotland's Sikh community.
• The prize was awarded to her at Tate Britain, London, where her work is on display until mid-February 2025.

Other Related Points

• Turner Prize
  • Founded in 1984
  • Awarded annually to a British artist for an outstanding exhibition or presentation of their work
  • Named after radical painter J.M.W. Turner
  • Past winners include Anish Kapoor
• Jasleen Kaur
  • Glasgow-born artist of Indian heritage
  • Her work focuses on the integration of the personal, political, and spiritual
  • Her exhibition 'Alter Altar' explores themes of migration and memory

The correct answer is Tooth.

• Choomp used to be a micro-sized ornament for the tooth.
• This jewellery was mostly worn by traditional women and was made up of precious metal or stone.
• 'Rakhan' was also one of the important tooth ornaments.

Other Related Points

Other important jewellery:

• Head
  • Chudaratna, Mukut, Bore, Shishafool
• Ear
  • Kundal, Karnaphool, Peepalpatra
• Finger
  • Binti, Munddi, Damana
• Waist
  • Kandora and Kardhni, Tagadi, Kanakati

The correct answer is 2005-06.Explanation

• Rajasthan Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act was enacted in 2005-06.
• An Act to ensure prudence in fiscal management and fiscal stability by progressive reduction of revenue deficit, prudent debt management consistent with fiscal sustainability, greater transparency in fiscal operations of the Government and conduct of fiscal policy in a medium-term fiscal framework and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
• The Act's long-term objective is for India to achieve fiscal stability and to give the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) flexibility to deal with inflation in India.
• The FRBM Act was enacted to introduce a more equitable distribution of India's debt over the years.

The correct answer is To promote organic farming.

• The main objective of Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) is to promote organic farming.

Other Related Points

• The Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)
  • The Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)– a traditional farming improvement programme was launched in 2015.
  • It is an extended component of Soil Health Management (SHM) under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS), National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA).
  • PKVY aims at supporting and promoting organic farming, reducing in dependence on fertilizers and agricultural chemicals, in turn, resulting in improvement of the soil health while increasing the yields.
  • Organic food, thus produced will be linked with modern marketing tools and local markets.
  • The revamped PKVY promotes organic farming through the adoption of the organic village by cluster approach and the Participatory Guarantee System of certification.
  • Funding pattern:
    • The funding pattern under the scheme is in the ratio of 60:40 by the Central and State Governments respectively.
    • In the case of North Eastern and the Himalayan States, Central Assistance is provided in the ratio of 90:10 (Centre: State) and for Union Territories, the assistance is 100%.
  • Objectives:
    • The objective is to produce agricultural products free from chemicals and pesticidal residues by adopting eco-friendly, low-cost technologies.
    • Promote organic farming among rural youth/ farmers/ consumers/ traders
    • Disseminate the latest technologies in organic farming
    • Utilize the services of experts from the public agricultural research system in India
    • Organize a minimum of one cluster demonstration in a village
  • Implementation of the programme:
    • PKVY is being implemented by the Organic Farming cell of the Integrated Nutrient Management (Division) of the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare (DAC&FW)
    • At the State level, the State Department of Agriculture and Cooperation has been implementing the scheme with the involvement of Regional Councils that are registered under the PGS- India Certification Programme
    • At the district level, the Regional Councils (RCs) within the district anchor the implementation of PKVY.

Mental health is a relatively enduring state wherein the person is well adjusted, has a zest for living, and is attaining self-actualization or self-realization. It is a positive state and not a mere absence of mental disorder.

• Mentally healthy people are able to meet the demands of life. They react to the problems as they arise. They are able to think for themselves and make their own decisions.
• They set reasonable goals for themselves and shoulder their daily responsibilities. They are not bowled over by their own emotions of fear, anger, love, or guilt.

Explanation

• Sports and games improve the efficiency of our mind and body greatly. Exercise helps in improving mental health by reducing anxiety, depression.
• It is only active outdoor and indoor play activities and games through which children get an opportunity to exercise their growing muscles, develop coordination, refine gross and fine motor skills and improve mental health.
• Stress is relieved within minutes of exposure to nature and people so by playing outdoor and indoor games one can improve their health.

Thus, it is concluded that both indoor and outdoor games help in improving mental health.

Drive Reduction Theory: Clark L. Hull proposed a new way of understanding behaviorism that stemmed from logical positivism. Hull believed that human behavior could be explained by conditioning and reinforcement. The reduction of impulses acts as a reinforcement for behavior.
Explanation

• Habit formation is the process by which a behavior, through regular repetition, becomes automatic or habitual.
• Hull described habits as stimulus-response connections based on rewards.
• According to Hull, responses, not perceptions or expectations, are what help form habits.
• The process is gradual and a reward is essential.
• Hull wanted to establish the basic principles of behavioral science to explain the behavior of animals, as well as individual and social behavior.
• His theory of deductive behaviorism or drive reduction theory proposes habit as a central concept.
• The strength of the habit depends on whether the stimulus-response sequence is followed by the reinforcement.

Important Point
The stimulus-response sequence includes:

• Stimulus potential: Strength of stimulus i.e. that causes a certain response.
• Stimulus generalization: In the conditioning process, stimulus generalization is the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned.
• Reaction potential: the probability of a certain stimulus causing a particular response.

Hence, we can conclude that in drive reduction theory, habit formation is a function of all Stimulus potential, Stimulus generalization, reaction potential.

There are many learning theories in psychology that are related to different schools of psychology such as cognitive, humanistic, behavioristic, etc. These theories are propounded by eminent psychologists to provide a framework to understand different aspects of human behavior.
Explanation
Some of the famous learning theories are

Hence, we can conclude that (i) - 3, (ii) - 2, (iii) - 4, (iv) - 1 is correct match.

The correct answer is 2010.

• In 2010 Rajasthan State Environment Policy was declared.

Explanation

• Rajasthan State Environment Policy
  • ​Rajasthan Environment Policy 2010 identifies the key environmental challenges and outlines strategies and actions to address them.
  • The document is based on an analysis of the state-specific issues, the natural resource constraints from which these emerge, and their overall implications for the environment.
  • It also includes the environment mission and climate change agenda for this state for 2010-2014 to prepare for adaptation & mitigation.

Other Related Points

• National Environment Policy, 2006
  • The main​ objectives are:
    • ​To ensure judicious use of environmental resources to meet the needs and aspirations of the present and future generations.
    • To integrate environmental concerns into policies, plans, programmes, and projects for economic and social development.

Correct Answer Both the statements are correct.

Explanation

• On the initiative of Chief Minister Shri Bhajanlal Sharma, policy decisions are being taken to take Rajasthan forward in the field of medical tourism.
• The state government will come up with the 'Heal in Rajasthan' policy to make it a hub of medical tourism.
• The draft of the policy prepared by the Medical and Health Department has been discussed in detail with all stakeholders and suggestions have been taken.
• The policy will be finalized soon on the basis of the suggestions.
• State Medical Value Travel Committee has been constituted to promote medical tourism in the state.

Other Related Points

• At present, the Medical Minister of Rajasthan is Shri Gajendra Singh Khinvsar.
• The State Medical Value Travel Committee will ensure effective and timely implementation of policy related to medical tourism along with its formulation.
• The Vice-Chairman of this committee constituted under the chairmanship of Additional Chief Secretary Medical and Health Department will be the Principal Secretary of Tourism Department.
• This year, giving top priority to the health sector, 8.26 percent of the total budget has been provided for health. This is the highest budget provision so far.

The correct answer is Ctrl + Y.

Explanation

• To redo something you've undone, press Ctrl+Y or F4.
• Microsoft created the word processing program known as Microsoft Word.
• It is a component of the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software.
• Since its initial release in 1983, Microsoft Word has undergone a number of revisions.
• MS Word is useful for modifying and formatting existing documents as well as creating professional writing.
• It aids with the creation of graphic documents that include images and more.
• The documents can be copied to a flash drive, which functions as your computer's external memory. As a result, you may easily carry along the saved documents.

Other Related Points

• Alt+Z is a keyboard shortcut used to access the GeForce Experience in-game overlay.
• Alt+Y is a keyboard shortcut used to open the Database Tools tab in Microsoft Access.
• In MS Word, Ctrl + R is used to align the text to the right of the screen.
• Various Shortcuts in Ms Word:
  • Backspace: Delete one character to the left
  • Ctrl+Backspace: Delete one word to the left
  • Delete: Delete one character to the right
  • Ctrl+Delete: Delete one word to the right
  • Ctrl+C: Copy or graphics to the Clipboard text
  • Ctrl+X: Cut selected text or graphics to the Clipboard
  • Ctrl+V: Paste the Clipboard contents
  • Alt+Shift+R: Copy the header or footer used in the previous section of the document
  • Ctrl+B: Apple bold formatting
  • Ctrl+I: Apply italic formatting
  • Ctrl+U: Apply underline formatting
  • Ctrl+Shift+W: Apply underline formatting to words, but not the spaces between words
  • Ctrl+Shift+D: Apply double underline formatting
  • Ctrl+D: Open the Font dialog box

The correct answer is Ajmer.

Explanation

• The first cotton mill was established in Ajmer.

Other Related Points

• Cotton cloth is one of the most developed industries in India.
• It is an important and ancient industry.
• In Rajasthan, the first textile mill-Krishna Mills Beawar in Ajmer- was set up in 1889.
• Producing high-quality cotton clothes is the prestigious tradition of the country.

The correct answer is 2010.

Explanation

Kalibelia -

• The Kalbelia folk dance and song belong to the state of Rajasthan.
• The costume of the Kalbelia dance is Lehenga, Odhani, or Angarkha.
• This dance is performed by both Men and Women.
• The Kalbelia songs are taken from mythology.
• The Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
• Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan” were recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage.

Important Points

UNESCO -

• UNESCO stands for United Nations's Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organizations.
• It was founded on 16th November 1945.
• Its headquarter is in Paris, France.
• Its parent organization is the "United Nations Economic Social Council".

The correct answer is Maharana Pratap.

• The Battle of Haldighati was a battle fought on 18 June 1576 between Maharana Pratap of Mewar, and the Mughal emperor Akbar.
• The site of the battle was a narrow mountain pass at Haldighati near Gogunda in Rajasthan.
• The forces of Maharana Pratap consisted of cavalry and archers and the Mughal emperor Akbar's forces were led by Man Singh I of Amber.
• Technically the battle was won by the Mughals but it was not a true victory because Maharana Pratap was not captured and he continued his struggle and also took back most of the lost land.
• The name of the Maharana Pratap's horse is Chetak. Although wounded, he carried Maharana Pratap safely away from the battleground, but then died of his wounds.
• In 1582, Maharana Pratap attacked and occupied the Mughal post at Dewair (or Dawer). This led to the automatic liquidation of all 36 Mughal military outposts in Mewar. Maharana Pratap recovered Western Mewar including Kumbhalgarh, Udaipur, and Gogunda. After recovering these areas he also built a new capital, Chavand, near modern Udaipur.
• Finally, in 1597 Mahara Pratap died due to injuries from hunting.
• Basic Information about other Kings given in option:
  • Rana Amar Singh: Amar Singh I, the Maharana of Mewar, was the eldest son and successor of Maharana Pratap of Mewar. He became the ruler of Mewar in 1597 after the death of his father Maharana Pratap. He reigned till his death on 26 January 1620. He was the 14th Rana of the Mewar dynasty of Sisodia Rajputs and His capital was Udaipur.
  • Maharaja Udai Singh: Udai Singh II was the Maharana of Mewar and the founder of the city of Udaipur, Rajasthan. He was the 12th ruler of the Mewar dynasty. He was the fourth son of Rana Sanga and Rani Karnavati. He was the father of Maharana Pratap. He reigned from 1540 to 1572.
  • Raja Mansingh: Raja Man Singh I was the Kachwaha Rajput ruler of Amer, which is presently known as Jaipur in Rajputana. Raja Mansingh was the one who led Akbar's forces in the battle of Haldighati. He was one of the nine gems in Akbar's court. He reigned from 1589 to1614.

In day to day life, a person can see two types of changes as given below:

• Chemical Change- A change in which one or more new substances are formed is called a chemical change. A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction. All new substances are formed as a result of chemical changes. For example, digestion of food in our body, the ripening of fruits, fermentation of grapes, burning of magnesium ribbon is a chemical change, burning of coal, wood or leaves, photosynthesis, electrolysis of water etc., happen due to a series of chemical changes.
• Physical Change- A change in which a substance undergoes a change in its physical properties is called a physical change. A physical change is generally reversible. In such a change no new substance is formed. Boling, Melting, dissolving salt in water, change in size and shape etc. are physical change.

Hence, we can say that dissolving salt in water is not a chemical change, it is a physical change.

The correct answer is 11.

Explanation

• Under the Agriculture Budget, a total amount of Rs 78 thousand 938 crores 68 lakh has been created for 2022-23 including the Consolidated Fund for Agricultural Development and Welfare of Farmers, State's own resources of autonomous, cooperative, and other institutions.
  • Under the agriculture budget, the amount of Mukhyamantri Krishak Saathi Yojana has been increased from Rs. 2 thousand crores to Rs. 5 thousand crores.
  • There are 11 missions under this scheme.
  • The Medical Sum Assured per family per year under 'Chiranjeevi Yojana' has been increased from Rs 5 lakh to Rs 10 lakh.
  • An announcement was made to implement the 'Chief Minister Chiranjeevi Accident Insurance Scheme'.
  • Accident cover up to Rs 5 lakh will be available under this scheme.
  • The formation of the Rajasthan Public Transport Authority is proposed by bringing Road Safety Act.
  • Along with this, State Road Safety Institute will be established in Jaipur.

The correct answer is Bhadrajune.

Explanation

• Chandrasen was the ruler of Marwar.
• He ruled Marwar from 1562 to 1581.
• He is also known as "The forgotten hero of Marwar".
• He was the first Rajasthan ruler who refused to work under the control of the Mughals.
• This also motivated Maharana Pratap to do the same.
• After his death, his brother Udai Singh occupied the throne.
• At Bhadrajune, Chandrasen organized the military to struggle with the Mughals.

The correct answer is Madan Pal.
Explanation:

• Revolt in Kota-
  • Major Burton, a British political agent of Kota, asked Maharav Ramsingh to suspend some officers.
  • The official army and people of Kota revolted under the leadership of advocate Lala Jaidayal and Risaldar Mahrab Khan.
  • The army of Narayan and Bhavani Paltan started the rebellion on 15 October 1857 AD.
  • Major Burton's sons Frank and Author and Dr. Sandler and Kantam were killed by the rebels.
  • Major Burton was killed by persons named Bhavani and Narayan.
  • General Robert came with the army to suppress this rebellion in Kota.
  • Raja Madan Pal of Karauli helped General Robert suppress the rebellion in Kota, so the British gave him the title of GCI and gave him the highest cannon salute.
• Maharaja Sir Madan Pal, 36^th Maharaja of Karauli 1854/1869, was accepted by the Ranis and by nine of the most influential Thakurs and was recognized as the ruler on 14^th March 1854, he sent a body of troops against the Kota rebels in 1857, and for these services he has created a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India (G.C.S.I.), a debt of 1.2 lakhs to the British Government was remitted, a dress of honour was conferred, and the salute was permanently increased from 15 to 17 guns, a sanad of adoption was also granted in 1862.

Important Point

• Sardar Singh of Bikaner supported the British in 1857 AD to suppress the rebellion in different parts of the country.
  • To suppress the rebellion, he himself went to the areas of Hasi, Sirsa, Hisar, etc.
• Takht Singh of Marwar also supported the British against Kushal Singh Champawat of Auwa.
• Shawars, the political agent of Mewar, also had the support of Raja Swaroop Singh to suppress the rebellion in the Mewar region.

Modi Alkaline And Chemical Limited - Bharatpur is not correctly matched.

Explanation

• Modi Alkaline And Chemical Limited - Bharatpur is not correctly matched.
• Modi Alkaline And Chemical Limited - Matsya Industrial Area, Alwar, Rajasthan.

Other Related Points

• The pairs below are correctly matched
  • Hindustan Zinc Limited - Dewari
  • Rajasthan Electronics and Instrumentation Limited - Jaipur
  • Oriental Power Cables Limited - Kota

The correct answer is Alwar.

• The goddess of Dholagadh is a famous goddess whose temple is located in the Alwar district of Rajasthan.

Other Related Points

• Bala Quila or Alwar Fort
• This fort is said to have been constructed by Hasan Khan Mewati.
• It was finally conquered in 1775 A.D. by Maharao Raja Pratap Singh, the founder of Alwar.​
• Some important temples in Rajasthan:
  • Achaleshwar Mahadev Temple – Achalgarh Dilwara (Abu)
  • Temple of Aansia – Aansia (Jodhpur)
  • Ambika Mata Temple - Jagat
  • Arbuda Devi Temple – Abu
  • Brahma Temple – Pushkar (Ajmer)
  • Bhandsar Mandir (Jain Temple) – Bikaner
  • Kaila Devi Temple - Karauli
  • Kali Mata Temple – Bharatpur
  • Mahamangaleshwar Temple - Bundi (on Bundi-Chittorgarh road)
  • Raktadantika Temple – Sattur (Bundi)

The correct answer is Beedasar, Churu.

Explanation

• Hinglaj Mata-
  • Bhagwan Shiva's first wife Sati's Brahmrandhra fall in Hinglaj, so this place and Mata is known as HInglaj.
  • She is worshipped by chngla khanp Musalman/ Charan Musalman.
  • She is also known as Changli Mai.
  • Her original temple is situated in Baluchistan in Pakistan.
  • In Rajathan her temples are:
    • Koyaliya cave, Siwana, Barmer
    • Fatehpur, Sikar
    • Beedasar, Churu
    • Lodrawa, Jaisalmer
    • Arai, Ajmer
  • Hinglaj Mata' sal is situated between the Ghadseesar pond.
  • She is the favorite goddess of Pushkarna samaj in Jaisalmer.

Other Related Points

• Maudra, Jalore place is related to Ashapura Mata.
• Bhunas, Nagore place is related to Jamway Mata.
• Rewasa, Sikar place is related to Jeen Mata.

• PM Modi launched 'Swachh Mandir' Campaign for Clean Pilgrimage Sites.

Explanation

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently launched the 'Swachh Mandir' Campaign, a nationwide initiative focused on cleanliness at pilgrimage sites.
• This launch has been timed ahead of the upcoming consecration of the Ram temple in Ayodhya on January 22nd.
• PM Modi has called upon Indian citizens to join hands in this campaign, with the specific goal of making Ayodhya the cleanest city in India.
• He further urged people to initiate cleanliness campaigns at smaller pilgrimage sites beginning from Makar Sankranti (January 14) and continue until January 22.
• The campaign is inclusive and aims to involve all elected representatives, such as MPs, MLAs, and panchayat representatives, to work together for the success of the initiative.
• Party functionaries are tasked with identifying relevant places of worship where the campaign will be rolled out ahead of the consecration ceremony.

The correct answer is Bundi.

Key Points

• Chaurasi Khambon ki Chhatri or "84-Pillared Cenotaph" is a chhatri located in Bundi town, Rajasthan, India.
• It was constructed in 1631 by the Maharaja of Bundi, Shatrushal Rao
• It was built in memory of Raja Anirudh's foster brother, Deva.
• The structure has a large shivling covered by a decorated rooftop that is supported by 84 pillars; tradition has it that one is unable to reach 84 correctly when counting them.
• 

The correct answer is option 2 i.e. Jaswant Singh

• Jaswant Singh Rathore was a maharaja of Marwar in the state of Rajasthan.
• He was also the Subedar of Assam from 1656-1666.
• Prithviraj Singh was Jaswant Singh's son.
• Jaswant Singh was appointed by Shah Jahan to stop the advance of the rebel prince Aurangzeb in 1658.
• He is the author of:
  • Siddhant-bodh
  • Anand Vilas
  • Bhasha-bhusan

The correct answer is Abul Fazl.

Explanation

• The Battle was fought on 18 June 1576.
• It was fought between Mewar and Mughals.
• Abul Fazl said that it took place near Khamnaur.
• Thus he described the battle as the 'Battle of Khamnaur'.
• There were hundreds of casualties reported.

• Col. Tod called the battle as 'Battle of Thermopylae'.
• Badayuni called the battle as 'Battle of Gogunda'.
• According to Satish Chandra, the Battle of Haldighati was, at best, "an assertion of the principle of local independence" in a region prone to internecine warfare

Development is the pattern of progressive, orderly, and predictable changes that begin at conception and continue throughout life. Development mostly involves changes — both growth and decline, as observed during old age. Development is influenced by an interplay of biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional processes.

Explanation

Nature of Development-

• Development is lifelong, i.e. it takes place across all age groups starting from conception to old age. It includes both gains and losses, which interact in dynamic (change in one aspect goes with changes in others) ways throughout the life-span.
• The various processes of human development, i.e. biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional are interwoven in the development of a person throughout the life-span.
• Development is multi-directional. Some dimensions or components of a given dimension of development may increase, while others show decrement. For example, the experiences of adults may make them wiser and guide their decisions. However, with an increase in age, one’s performance is likely to decrease on tasks requiring speed, such as running.
• Development is the concern of a number of disciplines. Different disciplines like psychology, anthropology, sociology, and neuro-sciences study human development, each trying to provide answers to development throughout the life-span.
• Development is highly plastic, i.e. within-person, modifiability is found in psychological development, though plasticity varies among individuals. This means skills and abilities can be improved or developed throughout the life-span.

Thus from above-mentioned points, it is clear that development is multi-dimensional is correct in the context of development.

Ego defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological strategies used by individuals to cope with anxiety, stress, or unfavorable situations.

• These mechanisms protect the ego from feelings of inadequacy or discomfort. The concept of defense mechanisms was developed by Sigmund Freud and later expanded by other psychologists.

Explanation

• In this case, the person who attributes their failure to fate and bad luck is using projection as a defense mechanism.
• Projection occurs when individuals attribute their own undesirable feelings, thoughts, or actions to others or external factors.
• In this scenario, rather than taking responsibility for their failure or considering other internal reasons, the individual blames an external force, like fate or bad luck.
• This helps them avoid confronting their own shortcomings.

Hint

• Denial: In denial, a person refuses to accept the reality of a situation. For example, refusing to accept that they failed an exam despite clear evidence.
• Reaction formation: This involves behaving in a way that is opposite to one’s true feelings or desires. For example, a person who feels hostility toward someone may act overly friendly toward them.
• Regression: This involves reverting to an earlier stage of development in response to stress, such as a child behaving in a more childish manner when faced with frustration.

Hence, the correct answer is projection.

A mental health counselor is a trained professional who provides support and guidance to individuals experiencing mental or emotional distress.

Explanation

• A mental health counselor should possess empathy, which is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.
• Empathy helps counselors build a trusting relationship with their clients, enabling them to better understand the emotional struggles and challenges their clients face.
• It is essential for providing effective support, helping clients feel heard, validated, and understood.

Thus, it is concluded that Empathy should be the quality of Mental Health Counsellor.

Hint

• Sympathy involves feeling pity or sorrow for someone's difficulties, it doesn't create the same connection as empathy.
• Apathy is a lack of interest or concern, which would be detrimental in a counseling context.
• Emotions can play a role in the counselor-client relationship, but the primary quality required is empathy.