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Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - UPSC MCQ


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Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 1

Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): The Senate hated and feared the army.

Reason (R): The empire inherited by Tiberius from Augustus was already so vast that further expansion was felt to be unnecessary.

Detailed Solution for Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 1
The Senate feared and hated the army because it was the source of violence. Example in 3rd Century BC when the government had to raise taxes for its military expenditures. The empire inherited by Tiberius from Augustus was already so vast that further expansion was felt to be unnecessary. The only major campaign of expansion in the early empire was Trajan's fruitless occupation of territory across the Euphrates, in the years 113-17CE abandoned by his successors.
Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 2

Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion (A): The Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in the fourth century CE.

Reason (R): This made the administration easy.

Detailed Solution for Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 2
The Roman Empire was divided into an eastern half and a western half in 285 CE by the Emperor Diocletian. It was the Emperor Constantine in 330 CE, however, who moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium (Constantinople), in the Eastern Roman Empire.
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Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 3

Read the following extract carefully and answer the following question by choosing the correct option:

To sum up, the emperor, the aristocracy and the army were the three main players in the political history of the empire. The success of individual Emperors depended on their control of the army, and when the armies were divided, the result usually was civil war. Except for one notorious year 69 CE, when four emperors mounted the throne in quick succession, the first two centuries were on the whole free from civil war and in this sense relatively stable. Succession to the throne was based as far as possible on the family descent, either natural or adaptive, and even the army was strongly wedded to the principal. For example, Tiberius 14-37 CE, the second in the long line of Roman Emperors, was not the natural son of Augustus, the ruler who found the Principate, but Augustus adopted him to ensure a smooth transition.

Q. Who were the three main players in the early empire?

Detailed Solution for Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 3
The emperor, the aristocracy and the army were the three main players in the political history of the empire.
Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 4

Read the following extract carefully and answer the following question by choosing the correct option:

To sum up, the emperor, the aristocracy and the army were the three main players in the political history of the empire. The success of individual Emperors depended on their control of the army, and when the armies were divided, the result usually was civil war. Except for one notorious year 69 CE, when four emperors mounted the throne in quick succession, the first two centuries were on the whole free from civil war and in this sense relatively stable. Succession to the throne was based as far as possible on the family descent, either natural or adaptive, and even the army was strongly wedded to the principal. For example, Tiberius 14-37 CE, the second in the long line of Roman Emperors, was not the natural son of Augustus, the ruler who found the Principate, but Augustus adopted him to ensure a smooth transition.

Q. Who established the regime “The Principate”?

Detailed Solution for Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 4
The regime established by Augustus, the first emperor, in 27 BCE was called the 'Principate'
Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 5

Read the following extract carefully and answer the following question by choosing the correct option:

The famine prevalent for many successive years in many provinces has clearly displayed for men any understanding of the effect of malnutrition in generating illness. The city dwellers, as it was their custom to collect and store enough grain for the whole next year immediately after the harvest, carried off all the wheat, barley, beans and lentils, and left to the peasants, various kind of pulses after taking quite a large proportion of these to the city. After consuming what was left in the course of winter, the country people had to resort to unhealthy food in the spring; they ate twigs and shoots of trees and bushes and bulbs and roots of inedible plants.

Q. What does the given passage depict?

Detailed Solution for Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 5
It depicts the ill effects of famine which resulted in shortage of food.
Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 6

Read the following extract carefully and answer the following question by choosing the correct option:

The famine prevalent for many successive years in many provinces has clearly displayed for men any understanding of the effect of malnutrition in generating illness. The city dwellers, as it was their custom to collect and store enough grain for the whole next year immediately after the harvest, carried off all the wheat, barley, beans and lentils, and left to the peasants, various kind of pulses after taking quite a large proportion of these to the city. After consuming what was left in the course of winter, the country people had to resort to unhealthy food in the spring; they ate twigs and shoots of trees and bushes and bulbs and roots of inedible plants.

Q. The country people used to have which type of food in the spring?

Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 7

Read the following extract carefully and answer the following question by choosing the correct option:

A major difference between the two superpowers and their respective empires was that the Roman Empire was culturally much more diverse than that of Iran. The Parthians and later the Sasanians, the dynasties that ruled Iran in this period, ruled over a population that was largely Iranian. The Roman Empire, by contrast, was a mosaic of territories and cultures that were chiefly bound together by a common system of government. Many languages were spoken in the empire, but for the purposes of administration Latin and Greek were the most widely used, indeed the only languages. The upper classes of the east spoke and wrote in Greek, those of the west in Latin, and the boundary between these broad language areas ran somewhere across the middle of the Mediterranean, between the African provinces of Tripolitania (which was Latin speaking) and Cyrenaica (Greek-speaking). All those who lived in the empire were subjects of a single ruler, the emperor, regardless of where they lived and what language they spoke.

Q. Who were the two superpowers those days?

Detailed Solution for Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 7
Roman Empire
  • The Roman empire extended from Spain to Syria along the Mediterranean.

  • It had more of a diverse population in looking into its geographical expanse .It was characterised by many cultures but had a common government with a single ruler/emperor.

  • Greek and Latin languages were used for administrative purposes.

Iranian Empire

  • It controlled a major part of the Caspian sea,large parts of Afghanistan and eastern Arabia.

  • The Parthians and Sasamians dynasties ruled over the people of Iran .It was not as diverse as the Roman empire.

  • People spoke Persian languages.

Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 8

Read the following extract carefully and answer the following question by choosing the correct option:

A major difference between the two superpowers and their respective empires was that the Roman Empire was culturally much more diverse than that of Iran. The Parthians and later the Sasanians, the dynasties that ruled Iran in this period, ruled over a population that was largely Iranian. The Roman Empire, by contrast, was a mosaic of territories and cultures that were chiefly bound together by a common system of government. Many languages were spoken in the empire, but for the purposes of administration Latin and Greek were the most widely used, indeed the only languages. The upper classes of the east spoke and wrote in Greek, those of the west in Latin, and the boundary between these broad language areas ran somewhere across the middle of the Mediterranean, between the African provinces of Tripolitania (which was Latin speaking) and Cyrenaica (Greek-speaking). All those who lived in the empire were subjects of a single ruler, the emperor, regardless of where they lived and what language they spoke.

Q. The upper classes of the east spoke and wrote:

Detailed Solution for Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 8
The upper classes of the east spoke and wrote in Greek, those of the west in Latin, and the boundary between these broad language areas ran somewhere across the middle of the Mediterranean, between the African provinces of Tripolitania (which was Latin speaking) and Cyrenaica (Greek-speaking).
Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 9

Study the below picture of Roman Empire carefully and answer the following question by choosing the correct option:

Q. The Roman Empire extended over how many continents?

Detailed Solution for Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 9
The ancient Roman Empire which was spread across the three continents namely – Europe, Asia and Africa.
Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 10

Study the below picture of Roman Empire carefully and answer the following question by choosing the correct option:

Q. Which of these sources is available for the reconstruction of Roman history?

Detailed Solution for Test: An Empire Across Three Continents- Assertion-Reason & Source Based Questions - 2 - Question 10
The Roman style of history was based on the way that the Annals of the Pontifex Maximus, or the Annales Maximi, were recorded. The Annales Maximi include a wide array of information, including religious documents, names of consuls, deaths of priests, and various disasters throughout history.
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