Test: Class 7 Polity NCERT Based-1 (UPSC Level) - UPSC MCQ

Universal Adult Franchise in Indian democracy primarily ensures political equality among all adults by granting them the right to vote, regardless of their background or social status. This right empowers every adult individual to have a voice in the democratic process, contributing to the inclusive nature of the political system. While Universal Adult Franchise is crucial for ensuring equal political representation, it does not directly guarantee social or economic equality, which are separate facets requiring different approaches and policies for implementation.

1. Universal Adult Franchise - Correctly matched. It refers to the right of adults to vote regardless of their caste, religion, or economic status, which is a fundamental aspect of political equality in India.

2. Dalit - Incorrectly matched. 'Dalit' means 'broken' or 'oppressed' and refers to those who have been historically marginalized and belong to the unprivileged class, not the privileged class.

3. Civil Rights Movement - Incorrectly matched. The Civil Rights Movement was a struggle in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans, not an Indian movement to abolish untouchability.

4. Midday Meal Scheme - Correctly matched. This is a government initiative in India aimed at enhancing school enrolment and attendance by providing free meals to children in government elementary schools.

Pairs 1 and 4 are correctly matched, while pairs 2 and 3 are incorrectly matched. Thus, only two pairs are correctly matched.

Statement-I correctly highlights the principle of Universal Adult Franchise in India, emphasizing that all adults, regardless of various factors, have the right to vote in a democratic setup. This is a fundamental aspect of democracy that ensures political equality among citizens.
Statement-II accurately points out that while the Indian Constitution upholds the equality of every individual, acknowledging them as equal before the law, it also acknowledges the presence of inequality within Indian society. It clarifies that the constitutional recognition of equality does not eliminate the existence of social and economic disparities in the country.
The reason option (b) is the correct answer is that both statements are factually accurate, but Statement-II does not provide a direct explanation or elaboration on Statement-I. Instead, Statement-II offers additional context regarding the coexistence of constitutional equality and societal inequality in India.

The primary responsibility of the government in providing healthcare services to its citizens is to ensure that quality healthcare services are accessible to all, particularly focusing on the welfare of the poor and disadvantaged. This includes making healthcare services available either for free or at a low cost, thereby ensuring that even those with limited financial means can seek necessary treatment. Governments play a crucial role in promoting public health and well-being by establishing and maintaining healthcare infrastructure that caters to the needs of the entire population.

Statement-I states that India is the fourth largest producer of medicines in the world, which is accurate as per the information provided in the text. India's pharmaceutical industry is indeed significant globally.
Statement-II, however, mentions that India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world. This statement is incorrect based on the data presented in the text, which does not specify that India has the largest number of medical colleges. The text only highlights India's status as a significant producer of doctors and medicines, not as having the largest number of medical colleges worldwide. Hence, Statement-II is inaccurate, making option (c) the correct choice.

In the context of state government operations, a "constituency" is an area from which voters living there choose their representatives. These elected representatives, known as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), play a crucial role in representing the interests and needs of the people from their respective constituencies. This electoral system ensures that citizens have a voice in governance by electing individuals to speak on their behalf in the Legislative Assembly.

- Statement 1: This statement is correct. The Chief Minister of a state is appointed by the Governor. The appointment is typically based on the leader of the political party or coalition that has a majority in the Legislative Assembly.

- Statement 2: This statement is incorrect. The Legislative Assembly of a state is only responsible for making laws for that particular state, not for the entire nation. Laws for the country are made by the Union Parliament, which consists of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.

- Statement 3: This statement is correct. Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) are elected from constituencies within the state. Each constituency elects one representative to the Legislative Assembly, who then represents the people of that area.

Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are correct, making Option C the right answer.

- Pair 1: MLA - Elected representative from a constituency. This pair is correctly matched. An MLA, or Member of the Legislative Assembly, is indeed elected from a specific area known as a constituency.

- Pair 2: Governor - Head of the Legislative Assembly. This pair is incorrectly matched. The Governor is the head of the state but not the head of the Legislative Assembly. The Legislative Assembly is headed by the Speaker.

- Pair 3: Chief Minister - Leader of the ruling party. This pair is correctly matched. The Chief Minister is typically the leader of the party that has a majority in the Legislative Assembly and forms the government.

- Pair 4: Legislative Assembly - Responsible for making laws for the country. This pair is incorrectly matched. The Legislative Assembly is responsible for making laws for the state, not the entire country. The Union Parliament makes laws for the country.

Thus, only pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched.

The Women's Movement aims to advocate for equal rights and opportunities for women, challenging discrimination and striving for gender equality. This movement seeks to address societal inequalities, promote awareness, fight discrimination, and work towards justice for women. It involves various strategies such as campaigning, raising awareness, protesting, and showing solidarity to bring about positive change in the status and position of women in society.

- Statement 1 is correct: Laxmi Lakra indeed broke stereotypes by becoming the first woman engine driver in the Northern Railways, thus challenging the notion that technical fields are not suitable for women.

- Statement 2 is correct: Rashsundari Devi was the first Indian woman to write an autobiography, titled "Amar Jiban," which provided insight into the life and challenges faced by women in the 19th century.

- Statement 3 is incorrect: The literacy rate for boys and men in India is actually higher than that of girls and women. According to the data mentioned, the male literacy rate is significantly higher, indicating that educational disparities still exist between genders.

Therefore, the correct statements are 1 and 2 only, making Option B the right answer.

1. Laxmi Lakra - First woman engine driver of the Northern Railways: Correct. Laxmi Lakra broke stereotypes by becoming the first woman engine driver in the Northern Railways, which is a significant achievement in a field traditionally dominated by men.

2. Rashsundari Devi - First Indian woman to write an autobiography: Correct. Rashsundari Devi is indeed the first Indian woman to write an autobiography, titled 'Amar Jiban', which was a remarkable feat given the context of her time.

3. Ramabai - Started a school for girls in Kolkata: Incorrect. The statement is incorrect because it was Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, not Ramabai, who started a school for girls in Kolkata in 1910. Ramabai was an advocate for women's education but did not start this specific school.

4. Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain - Wrote the book 'Amar Jiban': Incorrect. Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain is known for her work 'Sultana's Dream', not 'Amar Jiban'. 'Amar Jiban' was written by Rashsundari Devi.

Explanation: The correct pairs are 1 and 2. Laxmi Lakra and Rashsundari Devi are correctly matched in the statements. Ramabai and Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain were prominent figures in women's education and literature, but the specific matches given in pairs 3 and 4 are incorrect.

Statement-I correctly highlights the historical inequalities faced by women and how despite improvements, they still experience disparities compared to men. Statement-II effectively elaborates on the societal stereotypes that limit women to certain roles and professions, elucidating the challenges women encounter in accessing various fields of work. The explanation in Statement-II aligns with and supplements Statement-I by providing context on how these stereotypes contribute to the ongoing gender disparities. Therefore, both statements are accurate, and Statement-II effectively explains the underlying dynamics discussed in Statement-I.