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Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - UPSC MCQ


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30 Questions MCQ Test Indian Polity for UPSC CSE - Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 for UPSC 2024 is part of Indian Polity for UPSC CSE preparation. The Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 questions and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus.The Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 MCQs are made for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 below.
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Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 1

Regarding the system of Apartheid, consider the following statements:

1. Apartheid was the name of a system of racial discrimination unique to South Africa.

2. Nelson Mandela, was tried for treason by the white South African government for daring to oppose the apartheid regime in his country.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 1
  • Apartheid was the name of a system of racial discrimination unique to South Africa. The white Europeans imposed this system on South Africa.

  • The system of apartheid divided the people and labelled them on the basis of their skin colour. The native people of South Africa are black in colour. They made up about three-fourth of the population and were called ‘blacks’.

  • Besides these two groups, there were people of mixed races who were called ‘coloured’ and people who migrated from India. The white rulers treated all nonwhites as inferiors. The non-whites did not have voting rights.

  • The apartheid system was particularly oppressive for the blacks. They were forbidden from living in white areas. They could work in white areas only if they had a permit.

  • Nelson Mandela, was tried for treason by the white South African government for daring to oppose the apartheid regime in his country. He and seven other leaders were sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964. He spent the next 28 years in South Africa’s most dreaded prison, Robben Island.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 2

Which of the following are the features of the constitution?

1. It generates a degree of trust and coordination that is necessary for different kinds of people to live together.

2. It does not specify how the government will be constituted.

3. It is the supreme law that determines the relationship among people living in a territory (called citizens).

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 2
The constitution of a country is a set of written rules that are accepted by all people living together in a country. The Constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationship among people living in a territory (called citizens) and also the relationship between the people and government. A constitution does many things

1. It generates a degree of trust and coordination that is necessary for different kinds of people to live together.

2. It specifies how the government will be constituted, who will have power to take which decisions.

3. It lays down limits on the powers of the government and tells us what the rights of the citizens are.

4. It expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society.

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Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 3

Consider the following statements:

1. In 1928, Motilal Nehru and other Congress leaders drafted a constitution for India.

2. In 1941, the resolution at the Karachi session of the Indian National Congress dwelt on how independent India’s constitution should look like.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 3
  • As far back as in 1928, Motilal Nehru and eight other Congress leaders drafted a constitution for India. In 1931, the resolution at the Karachi session of the Indian National Congress dwelt on how independent India’s constitution should look like.

  • Both these documents were committed to the inclusion of universal adult franchise, right to freedom and equality and to protecting the rights of minorities in the constitution of independent India.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 4

With reference to making of the constitution, consider the following statements:

1. The drafting of the document called the constitution was done by an assembly of elected representatives called the Constituent Assembly.

2. The Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1947 but it came into effect on 26 January 1950.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 4
  1. The drafting of the document called the constitution was done by an assembly of elected representatives called the Constituent Assembly.

    This statement is correct. The Constitution of India was indeed drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was composed of elected representatives.

  2. The Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1947 but it came into effect on 26 January 1950.

    This statement is incorrect. The correct dates are:

    • The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949.
    • It came into effect on 26 January 1950.

Thus, the correct answer is: 1 only

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 5

Regarding the constituent assembly, consider the following statements:

1. The Constituent Assembly represented the people of India.

2. The Constituent Assembly was chosen directly by all the people of India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 5
  • Constituent Assembly represented the people of India. There was no universal adult franchise at that time. So the Constituent Assembly could not have been chosen directly by all the people of India.

  • It was elected mainly by the members of the existing Provincial Legislatures. This ensured a fair geographical share of members from all the regions of the country.The Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress, the party that led India’s freedom struggle.

  • But the Congress itself included a variety of political groups and opinions.The Assembly had many members who did not agree with the Congress. In social terms too, the Assembly represented members from different language groups, castes, classes, religions and occupations.

  • Even if the Constituent Assembly was elected by universal adult franchise, its composition would not have been very different.Finally, the manner in which the Constituent Assembly worked gives sanctity to the Constitution.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 6

Consider the following statements:

1. Mahatma Gandhi was a member of the Constituent Assembly.

2. He wrote a magazine called 'Young India'.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 6
Mahatma Gandhi was not a member of the Constituent Assembly. Yet there were many members who followed his vision. While writing in his magazine Young India in 1931, he had spelt out what he wanted the Constitution to do.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 7

See the Image.

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 7

1. Kanhaiyalal Maniklal Munshi (1887-1971): He was born in Gujarat. He was an Advocate, historian and linguist. He was Congress leader and Gandhian. Later he became Minister in the Union Cabinet. He was Founder of the Swatantra Party.

2. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891-1956): He was born in Madhya Pradesh. He was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee. He was a Social revolutionary thinker and agitator against caste divisions and caste based inequalities. Later he became Law minister in the first cabinet of post-independence India. He was the Founder of Republican Party of India.

3. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee (1901-1953): He was born in West Bengal. He became Minister for Industry and Supply in the Interim Government. He was an Educationist and lawyer and was active in Hindu Mahasabha. He was the Founder President of Bharatiya Jan Sangh.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 8

Regarding the Preamble Of the constitution, consider the following statements:

1. The Constitution begins with a short statement of its basic values called the Preamble to the constitution.

2. Preamble contains the philosophy on which the entire Constitution has been built.

3. Preamble provides a standard to examine and evaluate any law and action of government, to find out whether it is good or bad.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 8
  • Values that inspired and guided the freedom struggle and were in turn nurtured by it, formed the foundation for India’s democracy. These values are embedded in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.

  • The Constitution begins with a short statement of its basic values. This is called the Preamble to the constitution. Taking inspiration from American model, most countries in the contemporary world have chosen to begin their constitutions with a preamble.

  • The Preamble of the Constitution reads like a poem on democracy. It contains the philosophy on which the entire Constitution has been built. It provides a standard to examine and evaluate any law and action of government, to find out whether it is good or bad. It is the soul of the Indian Constitution.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 9

Consider the following with reference to the meaning of various terms which feature in Preamble to the Indian constitution.

1. Term Socialist means wealth is generated socially and should be shared equally by society.

2. Term Secular means all of us should behave as if we are members of the same family.

3. Term Liberty means there are no unreasonable restrictions on the citizens in what they think, how they wish to express their thoughts.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 9

1. Socialist: Wealth is generated socially and should be shared equally by society. Government should regulate the ownership of land and industry to reduce socio-economic inequalities.

2. Secular: Citizens have complete freedom to follow any religion. But there is no official religion. Government treats all religious beliefs and practices with equal respect.

3. Fraternity: All of us should behave as if we are members of the same family. No one should treat a fellow citizen as inferior.

4. Liberty: There are no unreasonable restrictions on the citizens in what they think, how they wish to express their thoughts and the way they wish to follow up their thoughts in action.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 10

See the Image.

Consider the following Pairs:

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 10

1. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963): He was born in Bihar.He was President of the Constituent Assembly.He was Lawyer, known for his role in the Champaran Satyagraha.He was the president of Congress thrice. He became the first President of India.

2. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891-1956): He was born in Madhya Pradesh. He was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee. He was a Social revolutionary thinker and agitator against caste divisions and caste based inequalities. Later he became Law minister in the first cabinet of post-independence India.

3. Motilal Nehru: He was born in Uttar Pradesh. He was a lawyer and an activist of the Indian Independence Movement. He was an important leader of the Indian National Congress, who also served as the Congress President twice, 1919–1920 and 1928–1929.He along with other congress leaders prepared a Constitution for India in 1928.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 11

Regarding the Election Commission, consider the following statements:

1. It enjoys the same kind of independence that the judiciary enjoys.

2. The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) is appointed by the Cabinet Committee on Appointments.

3. The Chief Election Commissioner is not answerable to the President or the government.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 11
  • In our country elections are conducted by an independent and very powerful Election Commission (EC).

  • It enjoys the same kind of independence that the judiciary enjoys. The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) is appointed by the President of India.

  • But once appointed, the Chief Election Commissioner is not answerable to the President or the government. Even if the ruling party or the government does not like what the Commission does, it is virtually impossible for it to remove the CEC.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 12

Regarding the powers of Election Commission, consider the following statements:

1. EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections.

2. When on election duty, government officers work under the control of the EC and not the government.

3. It implements the Code of Conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 12
Very few election commissions in the world have wide-ranging powers as the Election Commission of India. Following are the powers of ECI

1. EC takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections from the announcement of elections to the declaration of results.

2. It implements the Code of Conduct and punishes any candidate or party that violates it. During the election period, the EC can order the government to follow some guidelines, to prevent use and misuse of governmental power to enhance its chances to win elections, or to transfer some government officials.

3. When on election duty, government officers work under the control of the EC and not the government. In the last 25 years or so, the Election Commission has begun to exercise all its powers and even expand them.

4. It is very common now for the Election Commission to reprimand the government and administration for their lapses.

5. When election officials come to the opinion that polling was not fair in some booths or even an entire constituency, they order a repoll. The ruling parties often do not like what the EC does. But they have to obey. This would not have happened if the EC was not independent and powerful.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 13

Which of the following are illegal as per election laws of India?

1. Bribing or threatening voters.

2. Appealing to voters in the name of caste or religion.

3. Use government resources for election campaigns by party or candidate.

4. A candidate can spend more than Rs. 25 lakh in a constituency for an Lok Sabha election.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 13
  1. Bribing or threatening voters.

    • This is correct. It falls under corrupt practices as defined in the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
  2. Appealing to voters in the name of caste or religion.

    • This is correct. The Supreme Court of India has ruled that appealing for votes on the basis of caste, creed, or religion is a corrupt practice under the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
  3. Use government resources for election campaigns by party or candidate.

    • This is correct. The Election Commission of India prohibits the use of government resources for election campaigns to ensure a level playing field.
  4. A candidate can spend more than Rs. 25 lakh in a constituency for an for a Lok Sabha election: Spend more than ` 25 lakh in a constituency for a Lok Sabha election or `10 lakh in a constituency in an Assembly election.

Given this analysis, the correct answer is: 1, 2, 3 and 4 

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 14

Regarding the model code of conduct, consider the following statements:

1. No party or candidate can use any place of worship for election propaganda.

2. Once elections dates are announced, Ministers shall not lay foundation stones of any projects.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 14
All the political parties in our country have agreed to a Model Code of Conduct for election campaigns. According to this, no party or candidate can

1. Use any place of worship for election propaganda. Use government vehicles, aircrafts and officials for elections.

2. Once election dates are announced, Ministers shall not lay the foundation stones of any projects, take any big policy decisions or make any promises of providing public facilities. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 15

Which of the following legal declarations a candidate has to make while filing his nomination for election?

1. Serious criminal cases pending against the candidate.

2. Details of the assets and liabilities of the candidate and his or her family

3. Education qualifications of the candidate

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 15
  • Recently, a new system of declaration has been introduced on direction from the Supreme Court at the time of filing nomination.

  • This information has to be made public. This provides an opportunity to the voters to make their decision on the basis of the information provided by the candidates.

  • Every candidate has to make a legal declaration, giving full details of: 1. Serious criminal cases pending against the candidate. 2. Details of the assets and liabilities of the candidate and his or her family. 3. Education qualifications of the candidate.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 16

Which of the following are the minimum conditions of a democratic election?

1. Everyone should have one vote and every vote should have equal value.

2. Parties and candidates should be free to contest elections.

3. Elections may or may not be held regularly.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 16
The minimum conditions of a democratic election

1. First, everyone should be able to choose. This means that everyone should have one vote and every vote should have equal value.

2. Second, there should be something to choose from. Parties and candidates should be free to contest elections and should offer some real choice to the voters.

3. Third, the choice should be offered at regular intervals. Elections must be held regularly after every few years

4. Fourth, the candidate preferred by the people should get elected.

5. Fifth, elections should be conducted in a free and fair manner where people can choose as they really wish.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 17

Consider the following statements:

1. In our country we follow an area based system of representation for elections.

2. For Lok Sabha elections, the country is divided into 545 constituencies.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 17
  • In our country we follow an area based system of representation. The country is divided into different areas for purposes of elections.

  • These areas are called electoral constituencies. The voters who live in an area elect one representative.

  • For Lok Sabha elections, the country is divided into 543 constituencies. The representative elected from each constituency is called a Member of Parliament or an MPOne of the features of a democratic election is that every vote should have equal value.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 18

Which of the following is not a feature of the Election system in India?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 18
Explanation:
The correct answer is D: Communal Electorate. Communal Electorate is not a feature of the Election system in India.
Here is a detailed explanation of the features of the Election system in India:
1. Universal Adult Franchise: Every citizen of India who is above the age of 18 has the right to vote. This ensures that all eligible citizens have an equal opportunity to participate in the electoral process.
2. Secret Voting: In India, voting is conducted through a secret ballot system. This means that the identity and choice of the voter are kept confidential. It ensures that voters can freely express their preferences without fear of intimidation or coercion.
3. Reservation of seats: The Constitution of India provides for the reservation of seats in the legislature for members of Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). This is done to ensure adequate representation and empowerment of these marginalized communities.
4. Communal Electorate: Contrary to popular belief, communal electorate is not a feature of the Election system in India. Communal electorate refers to a system where voters are categorized based on their religious or communal affiliations. However, in India, the electoral system is based on universal adult franchise and does not differentiate voters based on religion or community.
In conclusion, the Election system in India includes universal adult franchise, secret voting, and reservation of seats for SCs and STs. Communal electorate is not a feature of the Indian Election system.
Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 19

Which of the following is not the work of the Election Commission?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 19

Deciding the disqualification of a Member of Parliament by using his discretion power is not the work of the Election Commission.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 20

Which among the following statements is/are incorrect?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 20
Incorrect Statement: D - A person can be a member of both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha at the same time.
Explanation:
The correct statements among the given options are A, B, and C. Let's explain each statement in detail:
A: For qualifying to the Lok Sabha, a person must be at least 25 years of age.
- This statement is correct. As per the Constitution of India, a person must be at least 25 years old to be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament.
B: If a member of either of the Houses votes against the directions given by his party, he can be deemed to be disqualified.
- This statement is correct. The Anti-Defection Law in India states that if a member of either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha votes against the directions given by his/her party, he/she can be disqualified from being a member of that House.
C: A person belonging to Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe can contest elections from a general seat also, and not just with the reserved seat.
- This statement is correct. A person belonging to a Scheduled Caste (SC) or Scheduled Tribe (ST) can contest elections from a general seat as well as from a reserved seat. They have the choice to contest from either category.
D: A person can be a member of both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha at the same time.
- This statement is incorrect. According to Article 101 of the Constitution of India, a person cannot simultaneously be a member of both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. If someone is elected to one house while being a member of the other, they have to resign from one of the houses within 14 days.
Therefore, the incorrect statement among the given options is D.
Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 21

Consider the following statements:

1. The Government of India had appointed the First Backward Classes Commission in 1979.

2. It was headed by B.P. Mandal and was popularly called the Mandal Commission.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 21
  • The Government of India had appointed the Second Backward Classes Commission in 1979.It was headed by B.P. Mandal.

  • Hence it was popularly called the Mandal CommissionIt was asked to determine the criteria to identify the socially and educationally backward classes in India and recommend steps to be taken for their advancement.

  • The Commission gave its Report in 1980 and made many recommendations. One of these was that 27 per cent of government jobs be reserved for the socially and educationally backward classes.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 22

Regarding Parliament, consider the following statements:

1. Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country.

2. Parliaments control all the money that governments have.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 22
  • In all democracies, an assembly of elected representatives exercises supreme political authority on behalf of the people. In India such a national assembly of elected representatives is called Parliament.

  • Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country. This task of law making or legislation is so crucial that these assemblies are called legislatures. Parliaments all over the world can make new laws, change existing laws, or abolish existing laws and make new ones in their place.

  • Parliaments all over the world exercise some control over those who run the government. In some countries like India this control is direct and full. Those who run the government can take decisions only so long as they enjoy support of the Parliament. Parliaments control all the money that governments have.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 23

Consider the following statements:

1. In our country, the Parliament consists of two Houses.

2. The President of India is not a part of the Parliament.

3. All laws made in the Houses come into force only after they receive the assent of the President.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 23
  • The Parliament plays a central role in modern democracies, most large countries divide the role and powers of the Parliament in two parts. They are called Chambers or Houses. One House is usually directly elected by the people and exercises the real power on behalf of the people.

  • The second House is usually elected indirectly and performs some special functions. The most common work for the second House is to look after the interests of various states, regions or federal units. In our country, the Parliament consists of two Houses.

  • The two Houses are known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). The President of India is a part of the Parliament, although she is not a member of either House. That is why all laws made in the Houses come into force only after they receive the assent of the President.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 24

Regarding the powers of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha , consider the following statements:

1. Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the Houses.

2. Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters.

3. The Rajya Sabha can only delay the budget passed Lok sabha by 28 days or suggest changes in it.

4. If the majority of the Rajya Sabha members say they have ‘no confidence’ in the Council of Ministers, all ministers including the Prime Minister, have to quit.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 24
  • Our Constitution does give the Rajya Sabha some special powers over the states. But on most matters, the Lok Sabha exercises supreme power.

1. Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the Houses. But if there is a difference between the two Houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session in which members of both the Houses sit together. Because of the larger number of members, the view of the Lok Sabha is likely to prevail in such a meeting.

2. Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters.

3. Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only delay it by 14 days or suggest changes in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not accept these changes.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 25

With reference to Prime Minister and his ministers, consider the following statements:

1. The President appoints the Prime Minister.

2. The Prime Minister does not have a fixed tenure.

3. After his appointment, the Prime Minister appoints other ministers.

4. A person who is not a member of Parliament can also become a minister but such a person has to get elected to one of the Houses of the Parliament within six months of appointment as minister.

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 25
  • The Prime Minister is the most important political institution in the country. The President appoints the Prime Minister. But the President cannot appoint anyone she likes. The President appoints the leader of the majority party or the coalition of parties that commands a majority in the Lok Sabha, as Prime Minister.

  • In case no single party or alliance gets a majority, the President appoints the person most likely to secure a majority support. The Prime Minister does not have a fixed tenure.

  • He continues in power so long as he remains the leader of the majority party or coalition. After the appointment of the Prime Minister, the President appoints other ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister.

  • The Ministers are usually from the party or the coalition that has the majority in the Lok Sabha.The Prime Minister is free to choose ministers, as long as they are members of Parliament. Sometimes, a person who is not a member of Parliament can also become a minister. But such a person has to get elected to one of the Houses of the Parliament within six months of appointment as minister.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 26

Consider the following regarding Council of ministers:

1. Council of Ministers is the official name for the body that includes all the Ministers.

2. Cabinet is the inner ring of the Council of Ministers.

3. Ministers of State are attached to and required to assist Cabinet Ministers.

4. Parliamentary democracy in most countries is often known as the Cabinet form of government.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 26
  • Council of Ministers is the official name for the body that includes all the Ministers. It usually has 60 to 80 Ministers of different ranks. Cabinet Ministers are usually top-level leaders of the ruling party or parties who are in charge of the major ministries.

  • Usually the Cabinet Ministers meet to take decisions in the name of the Council of Ministers. Cabinet is thus the inner ring of the Council of Ministers. It comprises about 20 ministers.

  • Ministers of State with independent charge are usually in-charge of smaller Ministries. They participate in the Cabinet meetings only when specially invited. Ministers of State are attached to and required to assist Cabinet Ministers. Since it is not practical for all ministers to meet regularly and discuss everything, the decisions are taken in Cabinet meetings.

  • That is why parliamentary democracy in most countries is often known as the Cabinet form of government. The Cabinet works as a team. The ministers may have different views and opinions, but everyone has to own up to every decision of the Cabinet.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 27

Consider the following statements:

1. The Constitution contains in detail about the powers of the Prime Minister and his ministers. 2. When the Prime Minister quits, the entire ministry quits.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 27
  • The Constitution does not say very much about the powers of the Prime Minister or the ministers or their relationship with each other. But as head of the government, the Prime Minister has wide ranging powers. He chairs Cabinet meetings.

  • He coordinates the work of different Departments. His decisions are final in case disagreements arise between Departments. He exercises general supervision of different ministries. All ministers work under his leadership.

  • The Prime Minister distributes and redistributes work to the ministers. He also has the power to dismiss ministers. When the Prime Minister quits, the entire ministry quits.

  • Thus, if the Cabinet is the most powerful institution in India, within the Cabinet it is the Prime Minister who is the most powerful.

  • The powers of the Prime Minister in all parliamentary democracies of the world have increased so much in recent decades that parliamentary democracies are sometimes seen as Prime Ministerial form of government.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 28

With reference to President, consider the following statements:

1. The President is the head of the government.

2. The President of India is like the Queen of Britain whose functions are to a large extent ceremonial.

3. The President supervises the overall functioning of all the political institutions in the country so that they operate in harmony to achieve the objectives of the State.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 28
  • The Prime Minister is the head of the government and the President is the head of the State. In our political system the head of the State exercises only nominal powers.

  • The President of India is like the Queen of Britain whose functions are to a large extent ceremonial. The President supervises the overall functioning of all the political institutions in the country so that they operate in harmony to achieve the objectives of the State.

  • The President is not elected directly by the people. The elected Members of Parliament (MPs) and the elected Members of the Legislative Assemblies (MLAs) elect her.A candidate standing for President’s post has to get a majority of votes to win the election. This ensures that the President can be seen to represent the entire nation.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 29

Which of the following powers are enjoyed by the President?

1. All governmental activities take place in the name of the President.

2. All laws and major policy decisions of the government are issued in President’s name

3. All international treaties and agreements are made in the name of the President.

4. The President is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 29
  • Following are the powers of the President. But the President exercises all these powers only on the advice of the Council of Ministers.

1. All governmental activities take place in the name of the President.

2. All laws and major policy decisions of the government are issued in her name.

3. All international treaties and agreements are made in the name of the President.

4. The President is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India.

5. A bill passed by the Parliament becomes a law only after the President gives assent to it. If the President wants, she can delay this for some time and send the bill back to the Parliament for reconsideration. But if the Parliament passes the bill again, she has to sign it.

Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 30

Consider the following statements regarding the Presidential System of the USA.

1. In this system the President is both the head of the state and the head of the government.

2. The President of the United States of America is the most well-known example of this kind of President.

3. The US President is indirectly elected.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 9 Polity NCERT Based-2 - Question 30
The Presidential System

1. Presidents all over the world are not always nominal executives like the President of India. In many countries of the world, the President is both the head of the state and the head of the government.

2. The President of the United States of America is the most well-known example of this kind of President. The US President is directly elected by the people. He personally chooses and appoints all Ministers.

3. The law making is still done by the legislature (called the Congress in the US), but the president can veto any law. Most importantly, the president does not need the support of the majority of members in the Congress and neither is he answerable to them.

4. He has a fixed tenure of four years and completes it even if his party does not have a majority in the Congress. This model is followed in most of the countries of Latin America and many of the ex-Soviet Union countries.

5. Given the centrality of the President, this system of government is called the Presidential form of government.

6. In countries like ours that follow the British model, the parliament is supreme. Therefore our system is called the parliamentary system of government.

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