The decline of the Mughal Empire is often attributed to the reign of ___ due to his misguided policies.

Aurangzeb

True or False: Muhammad Shah was successful in reviving the fortunes of the Mughal Empire during his reign.

False; he was unable to revive the imperial fortunes.

Fill in the blank: After Aurangzeb's death, the Mughal Empire faced challenges due to wars of succession and the rule of ___ monarchs.

Weak

What major events contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire in the first half of the eighteenth century?

Wars of succession and the rule of incompetent and weak monarchs.

Fill in the blank: The reign of Muhammad Shah lasted for ___ years from 1719 to 1748.

29

Nadir Shah's invasion of India occurred in which years?

1738-1739

True or False: The Mughals successfully protected their northwestern borders throughout their rule.

False. The northwestern borders were neglected by the later Mughals, leading to vulnerabilities.

Ahmad Shah Abdali's invasions of India spanned from ___ to ___.

1748 to 1767

What significant treasure was taken by Nadir Shah during his invasion?

The Peacock Throne and the Kohinoor diamond were among the treasures taken.

Fill in the blank: Ahmad Shah Abdali captured Delhi in ___ and left an Afghan caretaker to oversee the Mughal emperor.

1757

True or False: The Mughals ceded Punjab to Ahmad Shah Abdali in an attempt to buy peace.

True

What was the outcome of the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761?

Abdali defeated the Marathas.

Fill in the blank: Approximately ___ crore rupees were collected from the official treasury during Nadir Shah's invasion.

Seventy

Bahadur Shah I adopted a peaceful policy with which three groups?

Marathas, Rajputs, and Jats.

The policy of abolishing Jaziya and pilgrimage tax was implemented by which Mughal emperor?

Farrukhsiyar.

True or False: Rafi-ud-Darajat ruled for a long duration in Mughal history.

False. Rafi-ud-Darajat ruled for the shortest period in Mughal history.

In which year did Nadir Shah defeat the Mughals in the Battle of Karnal?

1739.

Shah Alam II was taken under the protection of the East India Company after which treaty?

Treaty of Allahabad.

Fill in the blank: The last Mughal emperor was Bahadur Shah ___ .

Zafar.

What significant right did the Farman issued by Shah Alam II grant to the East India Company?

The Diwani, which is the right to collect revenue of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.

True or False: The reign of Muhammad Shah saw the establishment of an independent state in Hyderabad.

True.

During which emperor's reign was the Battle of Plassey fought?

Alamgir II.

Fill in the blank: The Mughal Empire officially ended on November 1, ___ .

1858.

The decline of the Mughal Empire was primarily due to the weakness of emperors after which ruler?

Aurangzeb

True or False: The zamindars were primarily responsible for military conquests during the Mughal Empire.

False. The zamindars were hereditary landowners who helped in the collection of revenue and local administration.

The Jagirdari Crisis during the Mughal Empire was characterized by divisiveness among the nobility based on ___ and ___.

Religion and tribe

Fill in the blank: The rise of regional aspirations, such as the Rajput struggle and the growing power of the ___, adversely affected the Mughal Empire.

Marathas

What were the successor states that emerged after the decline of the Mughal Empire?

Awadh, Bengal, and Hyderabad

True or False: Economic problems during the Mughal Empire included income exceeding state expenditure.

False. The expenditure of the state much exceeded its income.

Fill in the blank: The ___ states were established by rebels against the Mughal Empire, including the Maratha, Sikh, and Jat states.

New