The Indian Constitution allows for a temporary transition from a federal to a ___ system during emergencies.

Unitary

True or False: The Central government requires a formal amendment to assume greater powers during a national emergency.

False. The Central government does not need a formal amendment to assume greater powers during a national emergency.

What is the primary purpose of the articles incorporated into the Indian Constitution regarding emergencies?

To empower the Central government to manage crises and protect the nation's sovereignty, unity, and democratic foundations.

Fill in the blank: The Constitution's ability to switch between federal and unitary modes reflects its ___ nature.

Dynamic

True or False: The transformation to a unitary system during emergencies is a permanent change in the Indian constitutional framework.

False. The transformation is temporary and contingent upon the circumstances.

How does the Indian Constitution ensure adaptability in governance during crises?

By allowing the Central government to take on more authority and restructure the federal system into a unitary framework during emergencies.

National Emergency can be declared under Article 352 during ___, ___, or ___ .

War, external aggression, or armed rebellion.

True or False: President's Rule is referred to as 'National Emergency' in the Constitution.

False. President's Rule is also known as 'State Emergency' or 'Constitutional Emergency'.

What is the maximum duration for which a National Emergency can be extended without Parliamentary approval?

Six months, with further extensions requiring Parliamentary approval every six months.

Fill in the blank: The grounds for declaring a National Emergency were originally '___ disturbance' but were changed to 'armed rebellion' by the ___ Amendment Act of 1978.

'internal disturbance'; 44th

True or False: The President can revoke a proclamation of emergency without any parliamentary approval.

True, but if the Lok Sabha disapproves, the President must revoke it.

What is required for a proclamation of emergency to be approved by Parliament?

A special majority, which includes a majority of the total membership and a two-thirds majority of members present and voting.

Fill in the blank: The Financial Emergency can be declared under Article ___ in response to a threat to India's ___ or credit.

360; financial stability

During a National Emergency, the Centre can exercise complete control over states through which type of power?

Executive Power, allowing the Centre to direct states on any matter.

The Parliament's power to legislate on State List subjects during a National Emergency results in laws made on these subjects becoming inoperative after how many months post-emergency?

Six months.

True or False: The President can modify the financial distribution between Centre and states during a National Emergency without oversight.

False. The President's orders modifying financial distribution must be laid before both Houses of Parliament.

Fill in the blank: The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 extends executive and legislative consequences to ___ state(s) during a National Emergency.

Any state.

What power does the President hold regarding ordinances during a National Emergency?

The President can issue ordinances on state subjects if Parliament is not in session.

Fill in the blank: Ordinances issued by the President during a National Emergency can extend the ___ of the Centre beyond the Union List.

Powers and duties.

True or False: State legislatures are completely dissolved during a National Emergency.

False. State legislatures continue but are subject to Parliament's overriding power.

What happens to laws made by Parliament on state subjects once the National Emergency ends?

They become inoperative six months after the emergency ends.

During a National Emergency, the Lok Sabha's term can be extended by Parliament's law for a maximum of ___ after the Emergency ends.

Six months

True or False: Article 358 allows for the suspension of all Fundamental Rights during a National Emergency.

False; Article 358 specifically suspends only the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Article 19.

The normal tenure of a State Assembly can be extended by ___ during a National Emergency.

One year at a time

What is the impact of the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 on Article 358?

It narrowed the scope of Article 358 to apply only during a National Emergency declared due to war or external aggression, not armed rebellion.

Fill in the blank: Article 359 addresses the suspension of other Fundamental Rights, excluding those guaranteed by Articles ___ and ___.

20 and 21

Short Answer: What happens to laws or actions inconsistent with Article 19 during a National Emergency?

They cannot be challenged during the Emergency.

True or False: Fundamental Rights under Article 19 automatically revive after the Emergency ends, but there is no remedy for actions taken during the Emergency.

True

Fill in the blank: During a National Emergency, Article 19 rights are automatically ___, allowing legislation or executive actions limiting these rights.

Suspended

Article 359 of the Indian Constitution allows the President to suspend the right to move any court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights during a National Emergency. True or False?

True. Article 359 authorizes the President to suspend the enforcement of Fundamental Rights during a National Emergency.