Law, as defined in ethics, differs from the notion of law in physics in that it has a ___ connotation.

Moral

True or False: According to the ethical perspective, laws must be just, burdens equally, and serve the common good.

True

Fill in the blank: Natural laws are derived from ___ while positive laws are created by human legislation.

Nature

True or False: According to natural law, an unjust law retains the full essence of law.

False; an unjust law is a perversion of law and does not retain its full essence.

The concept of basic goods in natural law includes the instinct of ___ and the desire for ___.

Self-preservation; procreation

Natural law theory suggests that right acts are those that conform to ___ laws.

Natural

True or False: According to natural law, abortion is considered a human right.

False. Abortion violates the natural law of prohibition to kill, thus it is not considered a human right.

Conscience is defined as a special act of the mind that arises when the intellect makes a judgment on an action's ___ or ___.

Goodness or badness

True or False: Conscience is an emotional response to moral dilemmas rather than an intellectual decision.

False. Conscience is an intellectual decision, not a feeling or emotion.

A true conscience involves a judgment that is in accordance with ___ and ___ the action.

Fact and accurately applies the law to

True or False: A person is ethically correct to act on a doubtful conscience.

False. It is never ethically correct to act on a doubtful conscience; one must resolve the doubt.

What distinguishes a vincibly false conscience from an invincibly false conscience?

A vincibly false conscience can be corrected through reasonable efforts, whereas an invincibly false conscience cannot be corrected despite efforts.

Probabilism asserts that a law is doubtful and does not bind when there is more probable evidence on the side of ___ than against it.

Liberty

True or False: Compensationalism only considers evidence opposing liberty when evaluating doubtful laws.

False. Compensationalism considers both evidence favoring and opposing liberty, as well as the gravity of the law and reasons for acting against it.

Laws, rules, and conscience provide guidance in determining what is right and what is wrong, but they do not guarantee ___ judgment.

Infallible

True or False: Public administrators can know all the laws and rules that govern ethical decisions.

False; it is impossible for public administrators to know all the laws and rules.

Law, as used in ethics, is primarily concerned with ___ and ___.

Morality and obligation

True or False: Natural law is derived from human-made laws.

False. Natural law is derived from human nature and reason, not from human-made laws.