What is the universal gravitational constant G approximately equal to?

6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N⋅m²/kg²

True or False: Gravitational force is always attractive in nature.

True. Gravitational force always attracts objects toward each other.

Fill in the blank: The gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the _____ of distance between them.

Square

Which factor does NOT affect gravitational force between two objects?
A) Mass of first object
B) Distance between objects
C) Temperature of objects
D) Mass of second object

C) Temperature of objects

Why do objects of different masses fall at the same rate in vacuum?

Gravitational acceleration is independent of mass, only depends on planetary mass and radius.

What happens to gravitational force when the distance between two objects doubles?

Force becomes one-fourth of the original value.

The minimum speed needed for an object to escape Earth's gravitational field is called _____.

Escape velocity

At what height above Earth's surface does gravitational acceleration become half its surface value?

At height equal to Earth's radius (approximately 6400 km).

True or False: Acceleration due to gravity is maximum at Earth's poles.

True. Earth's oblate shape and rotation make gravity strongest at poles.

Which planet has the highest escape velocity in our solar system?
A) Earth
B) Jupiter
C) Saturn
D) Neptune

B) Jupiter

What is the relationship between orbital velocity and radius for circular orbits?

Orbital velocity is inversely proportional to square root of radius.

Fill in the blank: A satellite orbiting at Earth's surface would have orbital period of _____ minutes.

84

If Earth's mass doubled while radius remained same, how would surface gravity change?

Surface gravity would double, becoming approximately 20 m/s².

What is the condition for a circular orbit around a celestial body?

Gravitational force must equal centripetal force required for circular motion.

True or False: Geostationary satellites can be placed at any altitude above Earth.

False. They must orbit at specific altitude of 35,786 km above equator.

The point where gravitational forces of Earth and Moon cancel is called _____.

Neutral point

Which has greater gravitational field strength?
A) Earth's surface
B) Moon's surface
C) Sun's surface
D) Jupiter's surface

C) Sun's surface

How does gravitational potential energy change as an object moves away from Earth?

Becomes less negative (increases) and approaches zero at infinite distance.

What would happen to Moon's orbital period if Earth's mass suddenly doubled?

Orbital period would decrease by factor of √2 (approximately 0.71 times).

True or False: Weightlessness in space occurs because there is no gravity.

False. Weightlessness occurs due to continuous free fall in gravitational field.

Fill in the blank: Energy required to move a satellite from lower to higher orbit is _____.

Positive

At what fraction of Earth's radius below surface does gravity become zero?

At the center (r = 0), gravity becomes zero.

Which orbit requires minimum energy to reach from Earth's surface?
A) Low Earth orbit
B) Geostationary orbit
C) Moon's orbit
D) Solar orbit

A) Low Earth orbit

If a planet's day length equals its year length, what type of motion does it exhibit?

Synchronous rotation, like Moon's motion around Earth.