What is the least count of a vernier caliper with 10 divisions on vernier scale?

0.01 cm or 0.1 mm

True or False: Outer jaws measure internal dimensions while inner jaws measure external dimensions.

False. Outer jaws measure external dimensions while inner jaws measure internal dimensions.

Fill in the blank: The _____ prevents undue tightening in a screw gauge.

Ratchet

What happens when vernier zero lies right of main scale zero?

Positive zero error occurs, requiring negative correction

How is pitch of a screw gauge calculated?

Distance moved by spindle per complete revolution of thimble

Riddle: I have 50 divisions and move 0.5mm per turn. My least count is?

0.01 mm

Convert 0.00032 to scientific notation.

3.2 × 10⁻⁴

A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
How many significant figures are in 0.0540?

B) 3

Fill in the blank: When adding measurements, round to the _____ decimal place.

Rightmost common

What determines significant figures in multiplication and division?

Number with fewest significant figures determines the result

True or False: Leading zeros are always significant in measurements.

False. Leading zeros are not significant, they're placeholders.

Fill in the blank: Accuracy measures closeness to _____ value.

True

What type of error can be identified and minimized through known causes?

Systematic error

How does random error change with n repeated measurements?

Decreases to 1/√n times the original error

True or False: Gross errors result from instrument limitations and environmental conditions.

False. Gross errors result from human mistakes and carelessness.

A) ΔA + ΔB B) ΔA - ΔB C) ΔA × ΔB D) ΔA ÷ ΔB
Error in X = A + B is?

A) ΔA + ΔB

If Z = A², what is the relative error in Z?

2 × (relative error in A)

Fill in the blank: Dimensional formula shows _____ of fundamental quantities needed.

Powers

What is the dimensional formula for velocity?

[LT⁻¹]

True or False: Dimensionally correct equations are always physically correct.

False. Dimensionally correct equations may not be physically correct.

A) [MLT⁻²] B) [ML⁻¹T⁻²] C) [M⁻¹L³T⁻²] D) [ML²T⁻²]
Dimensional formula for gravitational constant G is?

C) [M⁻¹L³T⁻²]

What principle states all terms in physical equation have same dimensions?

Principle of homogeneity of dimensions

How do you measure internal diameter of a beaker using vernier calipers?

Place beaker upside down on internal jaws and follow standard procedure

True or False: Thimble zero below reference line indicates positive zero error in screw gauge.

True

A) 4.52 cm B) 4.56 cm C) 4.60 cm D) 4.64 cm
MSR=4.5cm, n=6, LC=0.01cm, zero error=+0.04cm. Correct reading?

A) 4.52 cm

What causes instrumental errors in measurements?

Poor design, faulty manufacturing, or improper instrument use

Fill in the blank: When Z = AB, relative error = (ΔA/A) + _____.

(ΔB/B)

Which method cannot determine dimensionless constants in physical equations?

Dimensional analysis

True or False: Environmental errors arise from temperature, pressure, and humidity variations.

True

A) n₁u₁ = n₂u₂ B) n₁ + u₁ = n₂ + u₂ C) n₁/u₁ = n₂/u₂ D) n₁ - u₁ = n₂ - u₂
Unit conversion principle is?

A) n₁u₁ = n₂u₂

What is the maximum number of factors dimensional analysis can relate?

Three factors (due to three fundamental dimensions M, L, T)