The Charter of 1661 established that judicial power was granted to the ___ and ___ of a factory.

Governor and Council

True or False: The Charter of 1661 created a clear distinction between the judiciary and the executive.

False. The Charter did not draw a line of distinction between the judiciary and the executive.

Fill in the blank: Justice under the Charter of 1661 was required to be administered according to ___ law.

English

What was one significant consequence of the Charter of 1661 on the legal status of Indians?

Indians were placed under English law, which did not allow them to maintain their own laws and customs.

The judicial system in Madras during the First Stage (1639-1665) consisted of the Agent and his Council for the White Town and ___ for the Black Town.

The Choultry Court

True or False: The Choultry Court had the authority to decide capital offences.

False. The Choultry Court could only decide petty civil and criminal matters.

During the Second Stage (1665-1686), the Governor-in-Council proclaimed themselves to be a Court of Judicature for all civil and criminal cases, using a jury of ___ men for criminal matters.

12

Fill in the blank: The Court of Admiralty, established in the Third Stage (1686-1726), was an improvement over the Court of Judicature as it had a ___ judge.

Regular

What major drawback did the judicial system in Madras suffer from regarding the independence of the judiciary?

The Governor-in-Council could remove the Mayor and any Alderman, which compromised the independence of the courts.

True or False: The Mayor's Court had jurisdiction over both Indians and Englishmen, but no Englishman could be punished to death.

True

The judicial system in Bombay was initially established under the authority of the ___ and ___, which acted as a Superior Court.

Deputy-Governor and Council

True or False: The judges in the Bombay judicial system enjoyed complete independence in their judicial functions.

False. The judges did not enjoy the freedom required for good administration of justice due to interference from the executive.

What year was the Court of Admiralty established in Bombay, and how does its structure relate to the Court of Admiralty in Madras?

The Court of Admiralty was established in 1684, modeled after the Court of Admiralty in Madras.

Fill in the blank: The court established in 1718 had a Chief Justice and ___ judges, comprised of ___ English and ___ Indians.

9 judges, 5 English and 4 Indians

The Zamindar's Court was responsible for deciding ___ and ___ disputes.

Civil and criminal

True or False: Appeals against the judgment of the Zamindar's Court went directly to the Collector.

False. Appeals against the judgment of the Collector went to the Governor and Council.