The social reform movements in India during the 19th century were primarily a response to ___ brought about by colonial rule.

Social evils and discriminatory practices

True or False: Sanskritisation is a process where lower castes adopt the customs and practices of higher castes.

True

Fill in the blank: Modernisation in India has been influenced by ___ and ___ factors.

Colonialism and Western ideals

What are the four processes that describe cultural change in India as a result of colonialism?

Sanskritisation, modernisation, secularisation, and westernisation

True or False: Westernisation in India has always resulted in the adoption of democratic values and egalitarianism.

False; Westernisation does not necessarily imply the adoption of democratic values.

Fill in the blank: The rise of new social norms and values in India can be described as a result of ___ and ___ processes.

Modernisation and secularisation

Explain how social reformers in the 19th century used modern communication methods to spread their ideas.

They utilized the printing press, newspapers, and public meetings to share their reformist ideas across regions.

What is the primary feature of secularisation in the context of the caste system in contemporary India?

Caste operates increasingly as a political identity rather than a strictly religious one.

Fill in the blank: The impact of ___ can be seen in language, literature, and rituals as a process of cultural change.

Sanskritisation

True or False: The process of Sanskritisation leads to significant structural changes within the caste hierarchy.

False; Sanskritisation often leads to positional change without altering the overall structure of inequality.

Describe the relationship between modernisation and secularisation in Indian society.

Modernisation is linked to the decline of traditional religious authority and the rise of secular values, leading to changes in social practices.

Fill in the blank: The introduction of ___ during British colonial rule significantly altered Indian society's communication landscape.

New technologies like the printing press and telegraph

How does westernisation differ from modernisation in the Indian context?

Westernisation refers specifically to the adoption of Western cultural traits, while modernisation encompasses broader changes including technological and social advancements.

Fill in the blank: The social reform movements aimed at addressing issues like ___ and ___ in Indian society.

Sati and child marriage

What role did education play in the 19th-century reform movements in India?

Education was seen as crucial for social progress and empowerment, especially for women and marginalized groups.

Sanskritisation is a process where a 'low' caste adopts the customs and practices of a ___ caste to improve its social status.

'high' caste