What are the three states of matter, and how do their particle arrangements differ?

The three states

Matter has three states: solid, liquid, gas.

• Solids have fixed particle positions.

• Liquids flow; particles can move.

• Gases fill space; particles are free.

Fill in the blank: In solids, particles are ___ and cannot be compressed.

Tightly packed

True or False: Liquids can be compressed just like gases.

False. Liquids cannot be compressed because their particles are closely packed.

Riddle: I take the shape of my container and flow freely, but I have a fixed volume. What am I?

A liquid.

What distinguishes the particle movement in gases compared to solids?

Particles in gases move freely.

• Gases fill available space.

• Solids maintain fixed structure.

• Particle motion defines states.

Fill in the blank: Gases can escape their container when it is ___ .

Open

What is the key reason that solids maintain a fixed shape?

Solids maintain a fixed shape because their particles are tightly packed and held in fixed positions, preventing them from moving to new locations.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements is true regarding gases?

Gases can be compressed, and they fill the entire space of their container.

Matter can change from one state to another primarily through ___ or ___ of energy.

Addition; removal

What happens to water particles during the process of melting?

Ice melts into water.

• Heat energy is absorbed.

• Particles gain kinetic energy.

• Solid structure breaks down.

In which state of matter are particles tightly packed and fixed in position?

Solid

True or False: Water vapor has particles that are close together and can only move in fixed positions.

False; Water vapor has particles that are far apart and move freely.

Fill in the blank: The process by which liquid water changes into ice is called ___.

Freezing

Riddle: I can be ice, I can be steam, I can change my form, or so it would seem. What am I?

Water

What is the effect of adding heat energy to liquid water?

Adding heat energy to liquid water causes it to evaporate into water vapor, giving the particles enough energy to move far apart and spread out.

During condensation, what happens to the energy of water vapor particles?

During condensation, water vapor loses energy, causing the particles to slow down and come closer together to form liquid water.

In which state of water do particles move freely around each other?

Liquid

What characterizes the particle behavior of ice compared to water vapor?

In ice, water particles are fixed and vibrate in place, whereas in water vapor, the same particles are far apart and move rapidly.

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes solids from liquids?

Solids have fixed shape and volume.

• Particles are tightly packed.

• Fixed positions prevent flow.

• Shape and volume remain constant.

Fill in the blank: Gases consist of particles that are ___ and move ___, allowing them to fill their container completely.

Widely spaced; freely

True or False: The process of freezing involves adding heat to a liquid.

False. Freezing involves removing heat from a liquid, causing it to turn into a solid.

What happens to particles during the process of melting?

Particles gain energy and move freely.

• Heat energy is added.

• Particles transition from solid.

• Results in a liquid state.

Riddle: I can flow like a river but have a fixed shape when I freeze. What am I?

A liquid.

How does compression differ between solids, liquids, and gases?

Compression varies by state of matter.

• Solids resist compression strongly.

• Liquids compress slightly under pressure.

• Gases compress easily due to spacing.

Fill in the blank: The process of a liquid turning into a gas is known as ___.

Evaporation