List two internal factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll concentration and leaf structure (cuticle thickness, stomatal distribution).

Fill in the blank: The light-dependent phase of photosynthesis occurs in the ___ of the chloroplasts.

Thylakoids

Explain the Sugar Concentration Theory regarding stomatal opening.

Sugar concentration affects stomatal opening.

• Guard cells photosynthesize.

• Sugar increases turgor pressure.

• Stomata open to facilitate gas exchange.

True or False: The Calvin cycle directly requires light to occur.

False

Calvin cycle does not need light.

• Light-independent process in plants.

• Utilizes ATP and NADPH from light reactions.

• Crucial for glucose synthesis.

What are the two main phases of photosynthesis?

Describe the role of stomata in photosynthesis.

Stomata enable gas exchange in leaves.

• Regulate CO₂ entry for photosynthesis.

• Permit oxygen release as byproduct.

• Control water loss through transpiration.

Fill in the blank: The ___ layer is the primary site for photosynthesis in leaves.

Palisade

What is the significance of having a large surface area in leaves for photosynthesis?

A large surface area allows for maximum light absorption, which enhances the rate of photosynthesis.

Multiple Choice: What is produced as a byproduct of the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis? A) Glucose B) Oxygen C) Starch D) Carbon Dioxide

B) Oxygen

Explain how temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis.

Temperature affects photosynthesis rates.

• Increased heat boosts reactions.

• Optimal range around 35°C.

• High temps can denature enzymes.

True or False: Water is not essential for the process of photosynthesis.

False. Water is essential, as it is split in the light-dependent phase to provide electrons and protons needed for glucose formation.

What happens to starch produced during photosynthesis at night?

At night, starch is broken down into soluble glucose, which is then transported to other parts of the plant through the phloem.

Riddle: I am a colorless matrix where the Calvin cycle occurs, what am I?

Stroma

What is the primary role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll captures light energy.

• Absorbs red and blue light.

• Facilitates glucose production.

• Releases oxygen as waste.