What are the primary organs responsible for excretion in the human body?

The kidneys are the primary organs responsible for excretion.

Fill in the blank: Excess salts are excreted through the ___ and carbon dioxide is expelled through the ___.

Kidneys; lungs

True or False: The urinary bladder is a muscular organ that permanently stores urine.

False. The urinary bladder is a muscular organ that temporarily stores urine.

Describe the process of ultrafiltration in the kidneys.

Ultrafiltration in kidneys is vital.

• High pressure in glomerulus.

• Forces blood plasma into capsule.

• Forms glomerular filtrate for urine.

What is the main function of the renal tubules?

The renal tubules are responsible for the filtration, reabsorption, and secretion processes that form urine.

Riddle: I filter blood and produce urine, yet I am not a machine. What am I?

The kidneys.

Fill in the blank: The human urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a ___.

Urethra

How does the body regulate urine output?

Urine output is regulated by the Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH), which controls water reabsorption in the kidneys.

What are the physical properties of normal urine?

Normal urine has specific properties.

• Yellow color indicates hydration.

• Volume ranges from 1 to 1.5 liters.

• pH is typically between 5 and 8.

True or False: The kidneys can function effectively even if one is removed.

True. If one kidney is damaged or removed, the other can still handle the body's waste removal.

Explain the role of the Loop of Henle in urine concentration.

Loop of Henle concentrates urine effectively.

• Establishes a gradient.

• Facilitates water reabsorption.

• Vital for kidney function.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? A) Excretion of urea B) Regulation of blood pressure C) Filtration of carbon dioxide D) Regulation of electrolyte balance

C) Filtration of carbon dioxide

Fill in the blank: The urine is expelled from the body by relaxing the ___ at the opening of the urethra.

Sphincters

What is glycosuria and what condition is it commonly associated with?

Glycosuria refers to the presence of excess glucose in urine and is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus.