What is the primary difference between hormonal control and nervous control in multicellular organisms?

Hormonal control and nervous control differ significantly.

• Hormones travel via bloodstream.

• Nervous impulses are immediate.

• Hormonal effects are long-lasting.

Fill in the blank: Hormones secreted by endocrine glands are typically produced in _____ amounts but have _____ biological activity.

Small; high

What role does adrenaline play in the body's 'fight or flight' response?

Adrenaline increases heart rate, elevates blood pressure, tenses muscles, and converts glycogen to glucose for immediate energy.

True or False: The pituitary gland is known as the master gland because it controls the secretions of other endocrine glands.

True

What are the functions of the parathyroid glands, and what can result from their hyposecretion?

Parathyroid glands regulate calcium metabolism.

• Secrete parathormone for calcium.

• Hyposecretion causes muscle spasms.

• Can lead to tetany from low calcium.

Riddle: I am a gland that helps your body fight infections by maturing lymphocytes. What am I?

Thymus gland

What are the primary hormones secreted by the pancreas and their functions?

The pancreas secretes three key hormones.

• Glucagon raises blood sugar levels.

• Insulin lowers blood sugar levels.

• Somatostatin regulates hormone secretion.

Fill in the blank: The adrenal cortex produces _____ and _____, which regulate metabolism and mineral balance.

Mineralocorticoids; glucocorticoids

Explain the negative feedback mechanism in the context of hormone regulation.

Negative feedback regulates hormone levels.

• Reduces hormone excess.

• Maintains body stability.

• Responds to changes quickly.

What is the function of the anterior pituitary hormones such as growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone?

Growth hormone is essential for normal growth, while thyroid-stimulating hormone regulates the activities of the thyroid gland.

True or False: Insulin overproduction results in high blood sugar levels.

False; Insulin overproduction leads to low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia).

Riddle: I am a small gland located on the surface of the thyroid and regulate calcium levels in the blood. What am I?

Parathyroid gland

What hormones do the ovaries secrete and what are their roles?

Ovaries secrete three key hormones.

• Estrogen develops ovarian follicles.

• Progesterone supports pregnancy maintenance.

• Relaxin dilates the cervix during labor.

Fill in the blank: The adrenal medulla primarily secretes _____, which prepares the body for immediate action.

Adrenaline

Describe the dual role of the pancreas as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland.

Pancreas has dual gland roles.

• Secretes digestive enzymes.

• Regulates blood sugar levels.

• Essential for metabolism control.