Which scientist is credited with proposing the double-helical structure of DNA?

James Watson and Francis Crick.

True or False: Mendel's experiments on pea plants showed blending inheritance.

False. Mendel's experiments demonstrated that traits do not blend but segregate in a predictable manner.

The observable physical characteristics of an organism are referred to as ______.

Phenotype

Riddle: I hold the secrets of heredity, passed from parent to child, unchanging and stable. What am I?

Gene

In Mendel's experiments, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation for a monohybrid cross?

3:1

Which law states that in a pair of dissimilar factors, one factor dominates the other?

Law of Dominance

Fill in the blanks: The principle that alleles segregate independently during gamete formation is known as ______.

Law of Independent Assortment

What term describes when one allele is not completely dominant over another, resulting in an intermediate phenotype?

Incomplete Dominance

True or False: In co-dominance, both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype.

True.

What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross according to Mendel's findings?

9:3:3:1

Riddle: I am the process where two genes on the same chromosome do not assort independently. What am I?

Linkage

What type of inheritance involves multiple genes contributing to a single trait?

Polygenic Inheritance

Fill in the blanks: The phenomenon of a single gene influencing multiple traits is called ______.

Pleiotropy

True or False: The sex of a child is determined solely by the mother's genetic contribution.

False. The sex is determined by the genetic contribution of the father.

Which genetic disorder is characterized by the accumulation of phenylalanine in the body due to a lack of an enzyme?

Phenylketonuria

What is the chromosomal composition of an individual with Turner’s syndrome?

45, X0

Riddle: I am characterized by an extra chromosome 21, leading to distinct physical features and developmental delays. What am I?

Down's Syndrome

Which type of mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide base pair?

Point Mutation

Fill in the blanks: A cross used to determine the genotype of a dominant phenotype is called a ______.

Test Cross

What is the expected genotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross?

1:2:1

True or False: Mendel's work was recognized immediately after its publication.

False. Mendel's work was largely unrecognized until 1900.

What concept explains the behavior of genes in relation to their physical location on chromosomes?

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Where do the alleles of a gene pair reside within the cell?

On homologous chromosomes.

What type of genetic disorder results from changes in the structure or number of chromosomes?

Chromosomal Disorders

Fill in the blanks: The failure of chromosomes to segregate properly during cell division results in ______.

Aneuploidy

True or False: All genetic disorders are caused by mutations in multiple genes.

False. Some disorders are caused by mutations in a single gene.

What is the name given to the process by which an organism's sex is determined based on its chromosomal composition?

Sex Determination

Which genetic condition is linked to the absence of a functioning gene for hemoglobin production?

Thalassemia

Fill in the blanks: The phenomenon where genes are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together is called ______.

Gene Linkage

True or False: A heterozygous individual has two identical alleles for a trait.

False. A heterozygous individual has two different alleles.

What is the genetic basis for ABO blood types in humans?

Multiple Alleles

What type of inheritance results in offspring with a blending of traits from both parents?

Not applicable, as Mendel's work showed traits are inherited discretely.

True or False: The genotype of an organism can be determined solely by its phenotype.

False. The phenotype does not always reveal the genotype.

Fill in the blanks: The principle that explains why tall and dwarf traits do not blend in offspring is known as ______.

Law of Segregation

True or False: Mendel's laws of inheritance were immediately accepted by the scientific community.

False. They were largely ignored until rediscovered in 1900.

What is the common term for a genetic disorder like hemophilia, which is passed on through the X chromosome?

X-linked Recessive Disorder

Which of the following statements regarding Mendel's Law of Segregation is true? A) Alleles blend together during gamete formation. B) Two alleles segregate independently during gamete formation. C) Only one allele is passed to offspring. D) All of the above.

C) Only one allele is passed to offspring.

True or False: Incomplete dominance results in a phenotype that resembles one of the parents.

False. Incomplete dominance results in a phenotype that is intermediate between the two parents.

Which of the following disorders is classified as a Mendelian disorder caused by a single gene mutation? A) Down syndrome B) Sickle-cell anemia C) Turner syndrome D) Klinefelter syndrome

B) Sickle-cell anemia

Fill in the blank: The genetic composition of an organism, represented by alleles, is known as its ______.

Genotype

What type of inheritance explains traits controlled by more than two alleles, such as ABO blood groups?

Multiple alleles

Riddle: I am a type of mutation that changes a single base pair, often causing diseases such as sickle-cell anemia. What am I?

Point mutation