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 Chemistry and Metabolism of Amino Acids 80 Flashcards |
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Which of the following amino acids is classified as an imino acid? |
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Proline |
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What is the unique color reaction of proline when treated with ninhydrin? |
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Yellow |
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Which amino acid is a precursor to both catecholamines and melanin? |
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Tyrosine |
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Which amino acid is exclusively ketogenic? |
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Leucine |
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What is the primary metabolic fate of phenylalanine? |
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It is converted to tyrosine, which can then be metabolized into catecholamines. |
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What is the role of pyridoxal phosphate in amino acid metabolism? |
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It acts as a coenzyme in transamination and decarboxylation reactions. |
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Which amino acid is classified as the most abundant in plasma? |
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Glutamine |
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What is the major product formed from the oxidative deamination of glutamate? |
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Α-Ketoglutarate |
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In the urea cycle, which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step? |
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Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I |
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Which amino acid is involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide? |
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Arginine |
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What is the primary nitrogen source in the urea cycle? |
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Ammonia and aspartate |
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Identify the amino acid that has no chiral carbon and is optically inactive. |
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Glycine |
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Which amino acid can be synthesized from both pyruvate and glutamate? |
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Alanine |
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What is the metabolic consequence of phenylketonuria (PKU)? |
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Accumulation of phenylalanine leading to neurological damage. |
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Which branched-chain amino acid is primarily ketogenic? |
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Leucine |
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What is the clinical significance of elevated homovanillic acid (HVA) in urine? |
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It indicates increased degradation of dopamine. |
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Which amino acid is essential for the synthesis of creatine? |
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Glycine |
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What is the major source of ammonia in the body? |
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Deamination of amino acids |
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Which amino acid is a precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin? |
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Tryptophan |
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What is the role of asparagine in amino acid metabolism? |
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It donates amino groups for the synthesis of urea and nucleotides. |
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Which amino acid is synthesized from oxaloacetate? |
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Aspartate |
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Identify the amino acid that is both glucogenic and ketogenic. |
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Isoleucine |
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What is the function of cystathionine in amino acid metabolism? |
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It is a precursor to cysteine and involved in transsulfuration. |
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Which amino acid is a direct product of the transamination of pyruvate? |
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Alanine |
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What is the biochemical defect in classic phenylketonuria? |
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Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency |
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Which amino acid is known for its buffering capacity at physiological pH? |
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Histidine |
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What regulatory role does N-acetyl glutamate play in the urea cycle? |
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It activates carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I. |
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Which amino acid undergoes oxidative deamination to produce α-ketoglutarate? |
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Glutamate |
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How is the amino acid tryptophan metabolized to produce niacin? |
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Through the kynurenine pathway. |
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Which amino acid is primarily responsible for the synthesis of melanin? |
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Tyrosine |
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What is a common metabolic disorder associated with tyrosine metabolism? |
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Tyrosinemia |
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Which amino acid produces a characteristic blue diaper in infants? |
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Tryptophan |
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What is the role of glutamate in neurotransmission? |
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It acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter. |
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Which amino acid is critical for collagen synthesis due to its high occurrence? |
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Glycine |
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Which amino acid is involved in the synthesis of carnitine? |
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Lysine |
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What is the significance of aspartate in the urea cycle? |
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It provides the second nitrogen atom for urea synthesis. |
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What is the clinical manifestation of homocystinuria? |
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Marfan-like features and thrombosis. |
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Which amino acid is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters like dopamine? |
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Tyrosine |
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In phenylketonuria, what dietary modification is essential? |
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A low-phenylalanine diet. |
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Which amino acid is classified as essential and plays a significant role in methylation reactions? |
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Methionine |
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