Which of the following enzymes is produced by the Lac Z gene in the Lac operon? A) Permease B) Beta-galactosidase C) Thiogalactoside transacetylase D) Repressor protein

B) Beta-galactosidase

Fill in the blank: In the presence of glucose, the lac operon is __________, even if lactose is present.

Repressed

True or False: Gene amplification can lead to increased drug resistance by producing more of the target enzyme.

True

Riddle: I can be found in every cell, my role is essential, I help in energy production, my shape is circular. What am I?

Mitochondrial DNA

What term describes the process that involves turning off a gene through epigenetic mechanisms?

Gene silencing

What is the function of the Lac operator in the Lac operon?

Acts as a binding site for the repressor protein.

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a linear array of genes involved in a metabolic pathway, such as the Lac operon.

Operon

True or False: CAP (cAMP receptor protein) is a negative regulator of the lac operon.

False. CAP is a positive regulator that enhances transcription in low glucose conditions.

Riddle: I am a mutation that does not change the protein sequence, often silent and without a trace. What am I?

Silent mutation

What is the significance of DNA methylation at CpG islands in gene expression?

It can silence gene expression.

Fill in the blank: The enzyme __________ is responsible for removing acetyl groups from histones.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC)

True or False: Transposons are DNA sequences that can move to different locations within the genome.

True

Which type of mutation results in premature termination of a polypeptide? A) Missense B) Nonsense C) Silent D) Frameshift

B) Nonsense

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a term used for the collection of chemical modifications on DNA and histones.

Epigenome

Riddle: I am a segment of DNA that can jump around and change my place, often altering traits in the genetic space. What am I?

Transposon

What is the primary role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

To synthesize RNA from a DNA template.

Fill in the blank: The process of __________ involves the addition of a methyl group to DNA, typically at cytosine bases.

DNA methylation

True or False: Heteroplasmy refers to the presence of identical mitochondrial DNA within a single cell.

False. Heteroplasmy refers to the presence of both normal and mutant mitochondrial DNA within the same cell.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of mitochondrial DNA? A) Lack of introns B) High mutation rate C) Presence of histones D) Maternal inheritance

C) Presence of histones

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a mutation that changes an inducible gene to a housekeeping gene.

Constitutive mutation

Riddle: I help to establish relationships, found in the DNA's repeating forms, I can identify who belongs to whom in familial norms. What am I?

Repeat length polymorphism

What type of inheritance pattern is characterized by traits appearing in every generation?

Autosomal dominant inheritance

Fill in the blank: __________ are variations in DNA sequences that occur in at least 1% of the population.

DNA polymorphisms

True or False: The lac operon is always active, regardless of the presence of glucose and lactose.

False. The lac operon is regulated based on the presence of glucose and lactose.

Which component of the Lac operon is responsible for the transport of lactose into the cell?

Permease (Lac Y)

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the enzyme that catalyzes the addition of methyl groups to DNA.

Methyltransferase

Riddle: I’m a genetic code that differs in some ways, with unique codons that lead to different displays. What am I?

Mitochondrial genetic code

What is the main consequence of frameshift mutations?

They disrupt the reading frame of the gene.

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a method used to detect epigenetic modifications of DNA.

Methylation-specific PCR

True or False: miRNA binding to mRNA can lead to increased stability of the mRNA.

False. miRNA binding typically leads to decreased stability of the mRNA.