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 Cardiology -1 60 Flashcards |
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What is the main characteristic of Atrial Fibrillation? |
Card: 1 / 60 |
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It is the most common sustained arrhythmia. |
Card: 2 / 60 |
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In Mobitz I heart block, what occurs just before a missed beat? |
Card: 3 / 60 |
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The PR interval gradually lengthens. |
Card: 4 / 60 |
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Which ECG finding is indicative of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)? |
Card: 5 / 60 |
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The sum of the R wave height in V5 and S wave depth in V1 exceeds 35 mm. |
Card: 6 / 60 |
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What is the primary cause of right axis deviation on an ECG? |
Card: 7 / 60 |
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It can be caused by conditions such as pulmonary embolism or pulmonary arterial hypertension. |
Card: 8 / 60 |
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What does a QRS duration greater than 120 ms indicate? |
Card: 9 / 60 |
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It suggests the presence of a bundle branch block. |
Card: 10 / 60 |
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Which of the following arrhythmias is most commonly found in cardiac arrest patients? A) Atrial Fibrillation B) Ventricular Fibrillation C) Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia D) Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia |
Card: 11 / 60 |
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B) Ventricular Fibrillation |
Card: 12 / 60 |
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What is the significance of the delta wave in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? |
Card: 13 / 60 |
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It indicates pre-excitation of the ventricles due to the presence of an accessory pathway. |
Card: 14 / 60 |
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What is the normal range for the PR interval in healthy individuals? |
Card: 15 / 60 |
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The normal range is 120 to 200 milliseconds. |
Card: 16 / 60 |
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What does the presence of inverted T waves in leads I, aVL, and V5-V6 suggest? |
Card: 17 / 60 |
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It suggests left ventricular enlargement. |
Card: 18 / 60 |
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In which condition is the P-R interval consistently prolonged? |
Card: 19 / 60 |
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In 1st degree heart block. |
Card: 20 / 60 |
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What is the primary treatment for postoperative Atrial Fibrillation? |
Card: 21 / 60 |
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Landiolol hydrochloride is commonly used. |
Card: 22 / 60 |
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Mobitz II heart block? A) Progressive PR interval lengthening B) Intermittent blocked impulses C) Presence of a delta wave D) Prolonged QT interval |
Card: 23 / 60 |
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B) Intermittent blocked impulses |
Card: 24 / 60 |
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What does the term 'Tachyarrhythmia' refer to? |
Card: 25 / 60 |
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Tachyarrhythmia refers to a rapid heart rhythm, typically over 100 beats per minute. |
Card: 26 / 60 |
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How is the heart rate calculated in cases of variable R-R intervals? |
Card: 27 / 60 |
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Count the number of R waves in a 6-second strip and multiply by 10. |
Card: 28 / 60 |
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In a complete heart block, what is the typical ventricular rate? |
Card: 29 / 60 |
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The ventricular rate is approximately 40 beats per minute. |
Card: 30 / 60 |
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Which electrolyte disturbance is associated with QT prolongation? |
Card: 31 / 60 |
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Both hypermagnesemia and hypomagnesemia can cause QT prolongation. |
Card: 32 / 60 |
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What is the significance of the hockey stick sign in echocardiography? |
Card: 33 / 60 |
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It is seen in cases of mitral stenosis. |
Card: 34 / 60 |
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Which arrhythmia is characterized by at least three different shapes of P waves? A) Atrial Fibrillation B) Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia C) Atrioventricular Reentry Tachycardia D) Ventricular Tachycardia |
Card: 35 / 60 |
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B) Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia |
Card: 36 / 60 |
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What does the presence of a broad monophasic R wave in lateral leads indicate? |
Card: 37 / 60 |
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It is indicative of Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB). |
Card: 38 / 60 |
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Which medication is contraindicated in patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? |
Card: 39 / 60 |
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Atrioventricular nodal blocking medications such as adenosine, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers. |
Card: 40 / 60 |
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What condition is characterized by a heart rate exceeding 100 bpm with an irregular rhythm and varying P wave morphology? |
Card: 41 / 60 |
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Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia. |
Card: 42 / 60 |
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What is the primary risk factor for atherosclerotic heart disease in the Framingham risk calculator? |
Card: 43 / 60 |
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Age, cholesterol levels, HDL levels, and smoking status are all considered. |
Card: 44 / 60 |
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What is the most common genetic cardiovascular disorder that can lead to sudden death? |
Card: 45 / 60 |
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Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy. |
Card: 46 / 60 |
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What does the presence of S4 heart sound indicate? |
Card: 47 / 60 |
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It indicates impaired ventricular filling, often seen in diastolic dysfunction. |
Card: 48 / 60 |
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Which condition can lead to myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery vasospasm? |
Card: 49 / 60 |
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Variant Angina (Prinzmetal's Angina). |
Card: 50 / 60 |
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What is the expected change in cardiac biomarkers after a myocardial infarction? |
Card: 51 / 60 |
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Troponin levels rise within a few hours and peak around 24-48 hours. |
Card: 52 / 60 |
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What is the role of beta-blockers in the management of chronic stable angina? |
Card: 53 / 60 |
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They decrease heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure, improving coronary perfusion. |
Card: 54 / 60 |
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What is the characteristic ECG finding in Mobitz I heart block? |
Card: 55 / 60 |
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Gradual lengthening of the PR interval until a P wave is missed. |
Card: 56 / 60 |
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Which arrhythmia is commonly associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)? A) Atrial Fibrillation B) Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia C) Ventricular Fibrillation D) Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia |
Card: 57 / 60 |
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B) Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia |
Card: 58 / 60 |
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What does a coved ST segment in leads V1 and V2 indicate in patients with Brugada syndrome? |
Card: 59 / 60 |
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It is indicative of ventricular tachycardia. |
Card: 60 / 60 |
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