Humanities/Arts Exam  >  Humanities/Arts Notes  >  NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities  >  NCERT Textbook - Manu Bhandari

NCERT Textbook - Manu Bhandari | NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Download, print and study this document offline
Please wait while the PDF view is loading
 Page 1


68/vkjksg
yksdfiz;rk dHkh Hkh jpuk dk ekud ugha cu ldrhA vlyh ekud rks
gksrk gS jpukdkj dk nkf;Rocks/] mlosQ ljksdkj] mldh thou&n`f"VA
(,d dgkuh ;g Hkh)
eUuw HkaMkjh
tUe% lu~~ 1931] Hkkuiqjk (eè;çns'k)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% ,d IysV lSykc] eSa gkj xbZ]
rhu fuxkgksa dh ,d rLohj] ;gh lp gS]
f=k'kaoqQ] vk¡[kksa ns[kk >wB (dgkuh&laxzg)_
vkidk caVh] egkHkkst] Lokeh] ,d bap eqLdku
(jktsanz ;kno osQ lkFk) (miU;kl)
iVdFkk,¡% jtuh] fueZyk] Lokeh] niZ.k
budk fu/u 2021 esa gqvkA
lEeku% fganh vdkneh fnYyh dk f'k[kj
lEeku] fcgkj ljdkj] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ifj"kn~ dksydkrk] jktLFkku laxhr ukVd
vdkneh vkSj mÙkj izns'k fganh laLFkku }kjk iqjLÑr
eUuw HkaMkjh fganh dgkuh esa ml le; lfØ; gqb± tc ubZ dgkuh vkanksyu vius
mBku ij FkkA ubZ dgkuh vkanksyu (NBk n'kd) esa tks u;k eksM+ vk;k mlesa eUuw
th dk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgkA mudh dgkfu;ksa esa dgha ikfjokfjd thou] dgha
ukjh&thou vkSj dgha lekt osQ fofHkUu oxks± osQ thou dh folaxfr;k¡ fo'ks"k
vkReh; vank”k esa vfHkO;Dr gqbZ gSaA mUgksaus vkØks'k] O;aX; vkSj laosnuk dks
euksoSKkfud jpukRed vk/kj fn;k gSµ og pkgs dgkuh gks] miU;kl gks ;k fiQj
iVdFkk gh D;ksa u gksA
2024-25
Page 2


68/vkjksg
yksdfiz;rk dHkh Hkh jpuk dk ekud ugha cu ldrhA vlyh ekud rks
gksrk gS jpukdkj dk nkf;Rocks/] mlosQ ljksdkj] mldh thou&n`f"VA
(,d dgkuh ;g Hkh)
eUuw HkaMkjh
tUe% lu~~ 1931] Hkkuiqjk (eè;çns'k)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% ,d IysV lSykc] eSa gkj xbZ]
rhu fuxkgksa dh ,d rLohj] ;gh lp gS]
f=k'kaoqQ] vk¡[kksa ns[kk >wB (dgkuh&laxzg)_
vkidk caVh] egkHkkst] Lokeh] ,d bap eqLdku
(jktsanz ;kno osQ lkFk) (miU;kl)
iVdFkk,¡% jtuh] fueZyk] Lokeh] niZ.k
budk fu/u 2021 esa gqvkA
lEeku% fganh vdkneh fnYyh dk f'k[kj
lEeku] fcgkj ljdkj] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ifj"kn~ dksydkrk] jktLFkku laxhr ukVd
vdkneh vkSj mÙkj izns'k fganh laLFkku }kjk iqjLÑr
eUuw HkaMkjh fganh dgkuh esa ml le; lfØ; gqb± tc ubZ dgkuh vkanksyu vius
mBku ij FkkA ubZ dgkuh vkanksyu (NBk n'kd) esa tks u;k eksM+ vk;k mlesa eUuw
th dk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgkA mudh dgkfu;ksa esa dgha ikfjokfjd thou] dgha
ukjh&thou vkSj dgha lekt osQ fofHkUu oxks± osQ thou dh folaxfr;k¡ fo'ks"k
vkReh; vank”k esa vfHkO;Dr gqbZ gSaA mUgksaus vkØks'k] O;aX; vkSj laosnuk dks
euksoSKkfud jpukRed vk/kj fn;k gSµ og pkgs dgkuh gks] miU;kl gks ;k fiQj
iVdFkk gh D;ksa u gksA
2024-25
jtuh/69
;gk¡ vki eUuw th }kjk fyf[kr ,d iVdFkk i<+us tk jgs gSaA iVdFkk] ;kuh
iV ;k LØhu osQ fy, fy[kh xbZ og dFkk jtr iV (fI
+
kQYe dk LØhu) osQ fy,
Hkh gks ldrh gS vkSj Vsyhfo”ku osQ fy, HkhA ewy ckr ;g gS fd ftl rjg eap
ij [ksyus osQ fy, ukVd fy[ks tkrs gSa] mlh rjg oSQejs ls fI
+
kQYek, tkus osQ fy,
iVdFkk fy[kh tkrh gSA
dksbZ ys[kd fdlh Hkh nwljh fo/k esa ys[ku djosQ mrus yksxksa rd viuh ckr
ugha igq¡pk ldrk] ftruk dh iVdFkk ys[ku }kjk_ D;ksafd iVdFkk 'kwV gksus osQ
ckn /kjkokfgd ;k fI
+
kQYeksa osQ :i esa yk[kksa&djksM+ksa n'kZdksa rd igq¡p tkrh gSA bl
yksdfiz;rk osQ pyrs gh iVdFkk ys[ku dh vksj ys[kdksa dk Hkh i;kZIr #>ku gqvk
gS vkSj i=k&if=kdkvksa rFkk iqLrdksa esa Hkh iVdFkk,¡ Nius yxh gSaA izLrqr ikB esa
jtuh /kjkokfgd dh ,d dM+h nh tk jgh gSA
jtuh fiNyh lnh osQ uosa n'kd dk ,d cgqpfpZr Vh-oh- /kjkokfgd jgk gSA
;g og le; Fkk tc geyksx vkSj cqfu;kn tSls lksi vksisjk nwjn'kZu dk Hkfo";
x<+ jgs FksA cklq pVthZ osQ funsZ'ku esa cus bl /kjkokfgd dh gj dM+h vius esa
Lora=k vkSj eqdEey gksrh Fkh vkSj mUgsa vkil esa xw¡Fkusokyh lw=k jtuh FkhA gj
dM+h esa ;g tq>k: vkSj balkI
+
kQ&ilan L=kh&ik=k fdlh u fdlh lkekftd&
jktuhfrd leL;k ls tw>rh u”kj vkrh FkhA
izLrqr va'k Hkh O;olk; curh f'k{kk dh leL;k dh vksj gekjk è;ku
[khaprk gSA
eUuw HkaMkjh/69
2024-25
Page 3


68/vkjksg
yksdfiz;rk dHkh Hkh jpuk dk ekud ugha cu ldrhA vlyh ekud rks
gksrk gS jpukdkj dk nkf;Rocks/] mlosQ ljksdkj] mldh thou&n`f"VA
(,d dgkuh ;g Hkh)
eUuw HkaMkjh
tUe% lu~~ 1931] Hkkuiqjk (eè;çns'k)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% ,d IysV lSykc] eSa gkj xbZ]
rhu fuxkgksa dh ,d rLohj] ;gh lp gS]
f=k'kaoqQ] vk¡[kksa ns[kk >wB (dgkuh&laxzg)_
vkidk caVh] egkHkkst] Lokeh] ,d bap eqLdku
(jktsanz ;kno osQ lkFk) (miU;kl)
iVdFkk,¡% jtuh] fueZyk] Lokeh] niZ.k
budk fu/u 2021 esa gqvkA
lEeku% fganh vdkneh fnYyh dk f'k[kj
lEeku] fcgkj ljdkj] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ifj"kn~ dksydkrk] jktLFkku laxhr ukVd
vdkneh vkSj mÙkj izns'k fganh laLFkku }kjk iqjLÑr
eUuw HkaMkjh fganh dgkuh esa ml le; lfØ; gqb± tc ubZ dgkuh vkanksyu vius
mBku ij FkkA ubZ dgkuh vkanksyu (NBk n'kd) esa tks u;k eksM+ vk;k mlesa eUuw
th dk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgkA mudh dgkfu;ksa esa dgha ikfjokfjd thou] dgha
ukjh&thou vkSj dgha lekt osQ fofHkUu oxks± osQ thou dh folaxfr;k¡ fo'ks"k
vkReh; vank”k esa vfHkO;Dr gqbZ gSaA mUgksaus vkØks'k] O;aX; vkSj laosnuk dks
euksoSKkfud jpukRed vk/kj fn;k gSµ og pkgs dgkuh gks] miU;kl gks ;k fiQj
iVdFkk gh D;ksa u gksA
2024-25
jtuh/69
;gk¡ vki eUuw th }kjk fyf[kr ,d iVdFkk i<+us tk jgs gSaA iVdFkk] ;kuh
iV ;k LØhu osQ fy, fy[kh xbZ og dFkk jtr iV (fI
+
kQYe dk LØhu) osQ fy,
Hkh gks ldrh gS vkSj Vsyhfo”ku osQ fy, HkhA ewy ckr ;g gS fd ftl rjg eap
ij [ksyus osQ fy, ukVd fy[ks tkrs gSa] mlh rjg oSQejs ls fI
+
kQYek, tkus osQ fy,
iVdFkk fy[kh tkrh gSA
dksbZ ys[kd fdlh Hkh nwljh fo/k esa ys[ku djosQ mrus yksxksa rd viuh ckr
ugha igq¡pk ldrk] ftruk dh iVdFkk ys[ku }kjk_ D;ksafd iVdFkk 'kwV gksus osQ
ckn /kjkokfgd ;k fI
+
kQYeksa osQ :i esa yk[kksa&djksM+ksa n'kZdksa rd igq¡p tkrh gSA bl
yksdfiz;rk osQ pyrs gh iVdFkk ys[ku dh vksj ys[kdksa dk Hkh i;kZIr #>ku gqvk
gS vkSj i=k&if=kdkvksa rFkk iqLrdksa esa Hkh iVdFkk,¡ Nius yxh gSaA izLrqr ikB esa
jtuh /kjkokfgd dh ,d dM+h nh tk jgh gSA
jtuh fiNyh lnh osQ uosa n'kd dk ,d cgqpfpZr Vh-oh- /kjkokfgd jgk gSA
;g og le; Fkk tc geyksx vkSj cqfu;kn tSls lksi vksisjk nwjn'kZu dk Hkfo";
x<+ jgs FksA cklq pVthZ osQ funsZ'ku esa cus bl /kjkokfgd dh gj dM+h vius esa
Lora=k vkSj eqdEey gksrh Fkh vkSj mUgsa vkil esa xw¡Fkusokyh lw=k jtuh FkhA gj
dM+h esa ;g tq>k: vkSj balkI
+
kQ&ilan L=kh&ik=k fdlh u fdlh lkekftd&
jktuhfrd leL;k ls tw>rh u”kj vkrh FkhA
izLrqr va'k Hkh O;olk; curh f'k{kk dh leL;k dh vksj gekjk è;ku
[khaprk gSA
eUuw HkaMkjh/69
2024-25
70/vkjksg
jtuh
(eè;oxhZ; ifjokj osQ Ý
+
ySV dk ,d dejkA ,d efgyk jlksbZ esa O;Lr gSA
?kaVh ctrh gSA ckbZ njok”kk [kksyrh gSA jtuh dk izos'kA)
jtuh % yhyk csu dgk¡ gks---ck”kkj ugha pyuk D;k\
yhyk % (jlksbZ esa ls gkFk iksaNrh gqbZ fudyrh gS) pyuk rks Fkk ij bl le;
rks vfer vk jgk gksxk viuk fj”kYV ysdjA vkt mldk fj”kYV
fudy jgk gS uA (psgjs ij [kq'kh dk Hkko)
jtuh % vjs okg! rc rks eSa feBkbZ [kkdj gh tkšxhA vfer rks i<+us esa
bruk vPNk gS fd I
+
kQLVZ vk,xk vkSj ugha rks lsoaQM rks dgha x;k
ughaA rqedks feBkbZ Hkh cf<+;k f[kykuh iM+sxh---lwth osQ gyos ls
dke ugha pyus okyk] eSa vHkh ls crk nsrh gw¡A
yhyk % (g¡ldj) ugha&ugha] eSa rqEgsa vPNh feBkbZ gh f[kykÅ¡xh---eSaus
igys ls gh e¡xokdj j[kh gSµ osQlfj;k jleykbZA vfer dks
cgqr ilan gS uA
jtuh % ns[kk ¿¿! eq>s vius ?kj esa gh osQlj dh lqxaèk vk xbZ FkhA ck”kkj
dk rks eSa cgkuk djosQ pyh vkbZ ojuk rqe rks eq>s dkV gh nsrhaA
yhyk % oSQlh ckr djrh gks\ eSa ,d ckj dkV Hkh nw¡] ysfdu vfer!
vius eq¡g esa Mkyus ls igys jleykbZ ysdj rqEgkjs Ý
+
ySV esa
nkSM+rkA eSa dksbZ Hkh ph”k ?kj esa cukÅ¡ ;k ckgj ls ykÅ¡] vfer
tc rd rqEgkjs Hkksx ugha yxk ysrk] ge yksx [kk FkksM+s gh ldrs
gSaA jtuh vkaVh rks ghjks gSa mldhA (nksuksa f[kyf[kykdj g¡lrh gSa)
2024-25
Page 4


68/vkjksg
yksdfiz;rk dHkh Hkh jpuk dk ekud ugha cu ldrhA vlyh ekud rks
gksrk gS jpukdkj dk nkf;Rocks/] mlosQ ljksdkj] mldh thou&n`f"VA
(,d dgkuh ;g Hkh)
eUuw HkaMkjh
tUe% lu~~ 1931] Hkkuiqjk (eè;çns'k)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% ,d IysV lSykc] eSa gkj xbZ]
rhu fuxkgksa dh ,d rLohj] ;gh lp gS]
f=k'kaoqQ] vk¡[kksa ns[kk >wB (dgkuh&laxzg)_
vkidk caVh] egkHkkst] Lokeh] ,d bap eqLdku
(jktsanz ;kno osQ lkFk) (miU;kl)
iVdFkk,¡% jtuh] fueZyk] Lokeh] niZ.k
budk fu/u 2021 esa gqvkA
lEeku% fganh vdkneh fnYyh dk f'k[kj
lEeku] fcgkj ljdkj] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ifj"kn~ dksydkrk] jktLFkku laxhr ukVd
vdkneh vkSj mÙkj izns'k fganh laLFkku }kjk iqjLÑr
eUuw HkaMkjh fganh dgkuh esa ml le; lfØ; gqb± tc ubZ dgkuh vkanksyu vius
mBku ij FkkA ubZ dgkuh vkanksyu (NBk n'kd) esa tks u;k eksM+ vk;k mlesa eUuw
th dk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgkA mudh dgkfu;ksa esa dgha ikfjokfjd thou] dgha
ukjh&thou vkSj dgha lekt osQ fofHkUu oxks± osQ thou dh folaxfr;k¡ fo'ks"k
vkReh; vank”k esa vfHkO;Dr gqbZ gSaA mUgksaus vkØks'k] O;aX; vkSj laosnuk dks
euksoSKkfud jpukRed vk/kj fn;k gSµ og pkgs dgkuh gks] miU;kl gks ;k fiQj
iVdFkk gh D;ksa u gksA
2024-25
jtuh/69
;gk¡ vki eUuw th }kjk fyf[kr ,d iVdFkk i<+us tk jgs gSaA iVdFkk] ;kuh
iV ;k LØhu osQ fy, fy[kh xbZ og dFkk jtr iV (fI
+
kQYe dk LØhu) osQ fy,
Hkh gks ldrh gS vkSj Vsyhfo”ku osQ fy, HkhA ewy ckr ;g gS fd ftl rjg eap
ij [ksyus osQ fy, ukVd fy[ks tkrs gSa] mlh rjg oSQejs ls fI
+
kQYek, tkus osQ fy,
iVdFkk fy[kh tkrh gSA
dksbZ ys[kd fdlh Hkh nwljh fo/k esa ys[ku djosQ mrus yksxksa rd viuh ckr
ugha igq¡pk ldrk] ftruk dh iVdFkk ys[ku }kjk_ D;ksafd iVdFkk 'kwV gksus osQ
ckn /kjkokfgd ;k fI
+
kQYeksa osQ :i esa yk[kksa&djksM+ksa n'kZdksa rd igq¡p tkrh gSA bl
yksdfiz;rk osQ pyrs gh iVdFkk ys[ku dh vksj ys[kdksa dk Hkh i;kZIr #>ku gqvk
gS vkSj i=k&if=kdkvksa rFkk iqLrdksa esa Hkh iVdFkk,¡ Nius yxh gSaA izLrqr ikB esa
jtuh /kjkokfgd dh ,d dM+h nh tk jgh gSA
jtuh fiNyh lnh osQ uosa n'kd dk ,d cgqpfpZr Vh-oh- /kjkokfgd jgk gSA
;g og le; Fkk tc geyksx vkSj cqfu;kn tSls lksi vksisjk nwjn'kZu dk Hkfo";
x<+ jgs FksA cklq pVthZ osQ funsZ'ku esa cus bl /kjkokfgd dh gj dM+h vius esa
Lora=k vkSj eqdEey gksrh Fkh vkSj mUgsa vkil esa xw¡Fkusokyh lw=k jtuh FkhA gj
dM+h esa ;g tq>k: vkSj balkI
+
kQ&ilan L=kh&ik=k fdlh u fdlh lkekftd&
jktuhfrd leL;k ls tw>rh u”kj vkrh FkhA
izLrqr va'k Hkh O;olk; curh f'k{kk dh leL;k dh vksj gekjk è;ku
[khaprk gSA
eUuw HkaMkjh/69
2024-25
70/vkjksg
jtuh
(eè;oxhZ; ifjokj osQ Ý
+
ySV dk ,d dejkA ,d efgyk jlksbZ esa O;Lr gSA
?kaVh ctrh gSA ckbZ njok”kk [kksyrh gSA jtuh dk izos'kA)
jtuh % yhyk csu dgk¡ gks---ck”kkj ugha pyuk D;k\
yhyk % (jlksbZ esa ls gkFk iksaNrh gqbZ fudyrh gS) pyuk rks Fkk ij bl le;
rks vfer vk jgk gksxk viuk fj”kYV ysdjA vkt mldk fj”kYV
fudy jgk gS uA (psgjs ij [kq'kh dk Hkko)
jtuh % vjs okg! rc rks eSa feBkbZ [kkdj gh tkšxhA vfer rks i<+us esa
bruk vPNk gS fd I
+
kQLVZ vk,xk vkSj ugha rks lsoaQM rks dgha x;k
ughaA rqedks feBkbZ Hkh cf<+;k f[kykuh iM+sxh---lwth osQ gyos ls
dke ugha pyus okyk] eSa vHkh ls crk nsrh gw¡A
yhyk % (g¡ldj) ugha&ugha] eSa rqEgsa vPNh feBkbZ gh f[kykÅ¡xh---eSaus
igys ls gh e¡xokdj j[kh gSµ osQlfj;k jleykbZA vfer dks
cgqr ilan gS uA
jtuh % ns[kk ¿¿! eq>s vius ?kj esa gh osQlj dh lqxaèk vk xbZ FkhA ck”kkj
dk rks eSa cgkuk djosQ pyh vkbZ ojuk rqe rks eq>s dkV gh nsrhaA
yhyk % oSQlh ckr djrh gks\ eSa ,d ckj dkV Hkh nw¡] ysfdu vfer!
vius eq¡g esa Mkyus ls igys jleykbZ ysdj rqEgkjs Ý
+
ySV esa
nkSM+rkA eSa dksbZ Hkh ph”k ?kj esa cukÅ¡ ;k ckgj ls ykÅ¡] vfer
tc rd rqEgkjs Hkksx ugha yxk ysrk] ge yksx [kk FkksM+s gh ldrs
gSaA jtuh vkaVh rks ghjks gSa mldhA (nksuksa f[kyf[kykdj g¡lrh gSa)
2024-25
jtuh/71
jtuh % cgqr esèkkoh cPpk gS vfer---rqe ns[kuk rks] vkxs tkdj D;k
curk gS!
yhyk % cl] lc rqEgkjk gh vk'khokZn gSA
(fiQj ?kaVh ctrh gSA yhyk ,d rjg ls nkSM+rs gq, njok”kk [kksyrh gSA
vfer dk izos'kA jks”k dh rjg Hkkjh cLrs dh txg ,d gYdk&lk
FkSyk gSA)
jtuh % (vfer dks ck¡gksa esa Hkjus osQ fy, nksuksa ck¡gsa iSQykrs gq, vkxs c<+rh gSA)
dkaxzspqys'kal vferA cèkkbZ nsus osQ fy, jtuh vkaVh igys ls ekStwn
gSaA (vfer dk psgjk mrjk gqvk gS] ij nksuksa esa ls vHkh rd mlij fdlh
dk è;ku ugha x;kA vfer vk¡lw Hkjh vk¡[kksa ls FkSys esa ls fjiksVZ fudkydj
ek¡ dh vksj IksaQdrs gq,A)
vfer % yks---yks---ns[kks] D;k gqvk gS esjs fj”kYV dkA eSaus fdruk dgk Fkk
fd eSFl esa Hkh esjh V~;w'ku yxok nhft,] ojuk esjk fj”kYV fcxM+
tk,xkA cl ogh gqvkA eSFl esa gh rks iwjs uacj vk ldrs gSa]
fj”kYV cu&fcxM+ ldrk gSA fjiksVZ jtuh ns[kus yxrh gSA (yhyk
mls viuh ck¡gksa esa Hkjdj)
yhyk % ij rw rks lkjs loky Bhd djosQ vk;k FkkA ;gk¡ vkdj ikik osQ
lkeus rwus fiQj ls fd;k Fkk viuk lkjk isijA lc rks Bhd FkkA rsjs
ikik us ugha dgk Fkk fd pkj&ik¡p uacj Hkys gh dkV ys lI
+
kQkbZ&oI
+
kQkbZ
osQ ij ukbaVh&I
+
kQkbo rks rsjs iDosQ gSaA
jtuh % (fjiksVZ ns[krs gq,) ij feys rks oqQy cgÙkj gh gSaA (fiQj nwljs fo"k;ksa
osQ uacj Hkh i<+us yxrh gS baxfy'k 86] fgLVªh 80] flfoDl 88] fganh 82]
Mªkbax 90---lcls de eSFl esa ghA)
vfer % (xqLls vkSj nq[k ls) de rks gksaxs ghA V~;w'ku ugha ysus ls feyrs gSa
dgha vPNs uacj\ lj rks ckj&ckj dgrs gh Fks fd V~;w'ku dj yks]
V~;w'ku dj yks ojuk fiQj ckn esa er jksukA (jks iM+rk gS)
2024-25
Page 5


68/vkjksg
yksdfiz;rk dHkh Hkh jpuk dk ekud ugha cu ldrhA vlyh ekud rks
gksrk gS jpukdkj dk nkf;Rocks/] mlosQ ljksdkj] mldh thou&n`f"VA
(,d dgkuh ;g Hkh)
eUuw HkaMkjh
tUe% lu~~ 1931] Hkkuiqjk (eè;çns'k)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% ,d IysV lSykc] eSa gkj xbZ]
rhu fuxkgksa dh ,d rLohj] ;gh lp gS]
f=k'kaoqQ] vk¡[kksa ns[kk >wB (dgkuh&laxzg)_
vkidk caVh] egkHkkst] Lokeh] ,d bap eqLdku
(jktsanz ;kno osQ lkFk) (miU;kl)
iVdFkk,¡% jtuh] fueZyk] Lokeh] niZ.k
budk fu/u 2021 esa gqvkA
lEeku% fganh vdkneh fnYyh dk f'k[kj
lEeku] fcgkj ljdkj] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ifj"kn~ dksydkrk] jktLFkku laxhr ukVd
vdkneh vkSj mÙkj izns'k fganh laLFkku }kjk iqjLÑr
eUuw HkaMkjh fganh dgkuh esa ml le; lfØ; gqb± tc ubZ dgkuh vkanksyu vius
mBku ij FkkA ubZ dgkuh vkanksyu (NBk n'kd) esa tks u;k eksM+ vk;k mlesa eUuw
th dk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgkA mudh dgkfu;ksa esa dgha ikfjokfjd thou] dgha
ukjh&thou vkSj dgha lekt osQ fofHkUu oxks± osQ thou dh folaxfr;k¡ fo'ks"k
vkReh; vank”k esa vfHkO;Dr gqbZ gSaA mUgksaus vkØks'k] O;aX; vkSj laosnuk dks
euksoSKkfud jpukRed vk/kj fn;k gSµ og pkgs dgkuh gks] miU;kl gks ;k fiQj
iVdFkk gh D;ksa u gksA
2024-25
jtuh/69
;gk¡ vki eUuw th }kjk fyf[kr ,d iVdFkk i<+us tk jgs gSaA iVdFkk] ;kuh
iV ;k LØhu osQ fy, fy[kh xbZ og dFkk jtr iV (fI
+
kQYe dk LØhu) osQ fy,
Hkh gks ldrh gS vkSj Vsyhfo”ku osQ fy, HkhA ewy ckr ;g gS fd ftl rjg eap
ij [ksyus osQ fy, ukVd fy[ks tkrs gSa] mlh rjg oSQejs ls fI
+
kQYek, tkus osQ fy,
iVdFkk fy[kh tkrh gSA
dksbZ ys[kd fdlh Hkh nwljh fo/k esa ys[ku djosQ mrus yksxksa rd viuh ckr
ugha igq¡pk ldrk] ftruk dh iVdFkk ys[ku }kjk_ D;ksafd iVdFkk 'kwV gksus osQ
ckn /kjkokfgd ;k fI
+
kQYeksa osQ :i esa yk[kksa&djksM+ksa n'kZdksa rd igq¡p tkrh gSA bl
yksdfiz;rk osQ pyrs gh iVdFkk ys[ku dh vksj ys[kdksa dk Hkh i;kZIr #>ku gqvk
gS vkSj i=k&if=kdkvksa rFkk iqLrdksa esa Hkh iVdFkk,¡ Nius yxh gSaA izLrqr ikB esa
jtuh /kjkokfgd dh ,d dM+h nh tk jgh gSA
jtuh fiNyh lnh osQ uosa n'kd dk ,d cgqpfpZr Vh-oh- /kjkokfgd jgk gSA
;g og le; Fkk tc geyksx vkSj cqfu;kn tSls lksi vksisjk nwjn'kZu dk Hkfo";
x<+ jgs FksA cklq pVthZ osQ funsZ'ku esa cus bl /kjkokfgd dh gj dM+h vius esa
Lora=k vkSj eqdEey gksrh Fkh vkSj mUgsa vkil esa xw¡Fkusokyh lw=k jtuh FkhA gj
dM+h esa ;g tq>k: vkSj balkI
+
kQ&ilan L=kh&ik=k fdlh u fdlh lkekftd&
jktuhfrd leL;k ls tw>rh u”kj vkrh FkhA
izLrqr va'k Hkh O;olk; curh f'k{kk dh leL;k dh vksj gekjk è;ku
[khaprk gSA
eUuw HkaMkjh/69
2024-25
70/vkjksg
jtuh
(eè;oxhZ; ifjokj osQ Ý
+
ySV dk ,d dejkA ,d efgyk jlksbZ esa O;Lr gSA
?kaVh ctrh gSA ckbZ njok”kk [kksyrh gSA jtuh dk izos'kA)
jtuh % yhyk csu dgk¡ gks---ck”kkj ugha pyuk D;k\
yhyk % (jlksbZ esa ls gkFk iksaNrh gqbZ fudyrh gS) pyuk rks Fkk ij bl le;
rks vfer vk jgk gksxk viuk fj”kYV ysdjA vkt mldk fj”kYV
fudy jgk gS uA (psgjs ij [kq'kh dk Hkko)
jtuh % vjs okg! rc rks eSa feBkbZ [kkdj gh tkšxhA vfer rks i<+us esa
bruk vPNk gS fd I
+
kQLVZ vk,xk vkSj ugha rks lsoaQM rks dgha x;k
ughaA rqedks feBkbZ Hkh cf<+;k f[kykuh iM+sxh---lwth osQ gyos ls
dke ugha pyus okyk] eSa vHkh ls crk nsrh gw¡A
yhyk % (g¡ldj) ugha&ugha] eSa rqEgsa vPNh feBkbZ gh f[kykÅ¡xh---eSaus
igys ls gh e¡xokdj j[kh gSµ osQlfj;k jleykbZA vfer dks
cgqr ilan gS uA
jtuh % ns[kk ¿¿! eq>s vius ?kj esa gh osQlj dh lqxaèk vk xbZ FkhA ck”kkj
dk rks eSa cgkuk djosQ pyh vkbZ ojuk rqe rks eq>s dkV gh nsrhaA
yhyk % oSQlh ckr djrh gks\ eSa ,d ckj dkV Hkh nw¡] ysfdu vfer!
vius eq¡g esa Mkyus ls igys jleykbZ ysdj rqEgkjs Ý
+
ySV esa
nkSM+rkA eSa dksbZ Hkh ph”k ?kj esa cukÅ¡ ;k ckgj ls ykÅ¡] vfer
tc rd rqEgkjs Hkksx ugha yxk ysrk] ge yksx [kk FkksM+s gh ldrs
gSaA jtuh vkaVh rks ghjks gSa mldhA (nksuksa f[kyf[kykdj g¡lrh gSa)
2024-25
jtuh/71
jtuh % cgqr esèkkoh cPpk gS vfer---rqe ns[kuk rks] vkxs tkdj D;k
curk gS!
yhyk % cl] lc rqEgkjk gh vk'khokZn gSA
(fiQj ?kaVh ctrh gSA yhyk ,d rjg ls nkSM+rs gq, njok”kk [kksyrh gSA
vfer dk izos'kA jks”k dh rjg Hkkjh cLrs dh txg ,d gYdk&lk
FkSyk gSA)
jtuh % (vfer dks ck¡gksa esa Hkjus osQ fy, nksuksa ck¡gsa iSQykrs gq, vkxs c<+rh gSA)
dkaxzspqys'kal vferA cèkkbZ nsus osQ fy, jtuh vkaVh igys ls ekStwn
gSaA (vfer dk psgjk mrjk gqvk gS] ij nksuksa esa ls vHkh rd mlij fdlh
dk è;ku ugha x;kA vfer vk¡lw Hkjh vk¡[kksa ls FkSys esa ls fjiksVZ fudkydj
ek¡ dh vksj IksaQdrs gq,A)
vfer % yks---yks---ns[kks] D;k gqvk gS esjs fj”kYV dkA eSaus fdruk dgk Fkk
fd eSFl esa Hkh esjh V~;w'ku yxok nhft,] ojuk esjk fj”kYV fcxM+
tk,xkA cl ogh gqvkA eSFl esa gh rks iwjs uacj vk ldrs gSa]
fj”kYV cu&fcxM+ ldrk gSA fjiksVZ jtuh ns[kus yxrh gSA (yhyk
mls viuh ck¡gksa esa Hkjdj)
yhyk % ij rw rks lkjs loky Bhd djosQ vk;k FkkA ;gk¡ vkdj ikik osQ
lkeus rwus fiQj ls fd;k Fkk viuk lkjk isijA lc rks Bhd FkkA rsjs
ikik us ugha dgk Fkk fd pkj&ik¡p uacj Hkys gh dkV ys lI
+
kQkbZ&oI
+
kQkbZ
osQ ij ukbaVh&I
+
kQkbo rks rsjs iDosQ gSaA
jtuh % (fjiksVZ ns[krs gq,) ij feys rks oqQy cgÙkj gh gSaA (fiQj nwljs fo"k;ksa
osQ uacj Hkh i<+us yxrh gS baxfy'k 86] fgLVªh 80] flfoDl 88] fganh 82]
Mªkbax 90---lcls de eSFl esa ghA)
vfer % (xqLls vkSj nq[k ls) de rks gksaxs ghA V~;w'ku ugha ysus ls feyrs gSa
dgha vPNs uacj\ lj rks ckj&ckj dgrs gh Fks fd V~;w'ku dj yks]
V~;w'ku dj yks ojuk fiQj ckn esa er jksukA (jks iM+rk gS)
2024-25
72/vkjksg
yhyk % (vijkèkh dh rjg lI
+
kQkbZ nsrs gq,) rq>s vaxzs”kh dks ysdj FkksM+h ijs'kkuh
Fkh lks vaxzs”kh esa djok nh Fkh V~;w'kuA vc nks&nks fo"k;ksa dh
V~;w'ku---fiQj yach&pkSM+h I
+
kQhlA csVs---(viuh vkfFkZd etcwjh dh ckr
og 'kCnksa ls ugha] psgjs ls O;Dr djrh gSA) ij ;g rks v¡èksj gh gqvk
fd lkjk isij Bhd gks] fiQj Hkh uacj dkV yksA
jtuh % (jtuh dh HkkSagksa esa ,dk,d cy iM+ tkrs gSaA og jksrs gq, vfer dks [khapdj
vius ikl lVk ysrh gS) jksvks erA (mlosQ vk¡lw iksaNrs gq,) vfer
jks,xk ugha---le>sA eSa tks iwNrh gw¡ mldk tokc nsukA clA (oqQN
nsj #ddj) rq>s vPNh rjg ;kn gS fd rwus iwjk isij Bhd fd;k
Fkk\ (vfer LohÑfr esa flj fgykrk gS) ikik osQ ikl nqckjk isij
djus ls igys nksLrksa ls ;k fdrkcksa ls mu lokyksa osQ tokc rks
ugha ns[k fy, Fks\
vfer % ughaA T;ksa&osQ&R;ksa vkdj dj fn, FksA gedks vkrs Fks oks lkjs lokyA
jtuh % eSFl osQ lj dkSu gSa\
vfer % feLVj ikBdA
jtuh % fdrus yM+osQ V~;w'ku ysrs gSa muls\
vfer % ckblA lky osQ 'kq: esa rks vkB ysrs Fks---fiQj igys VfeZuy osQ
ckn ls ianzg gks x, FksA gkI
+
kQ&bZ;jyh osQ ckn lkr yM+dksa us vkSj
ysuk 'kq: dj fn;kA eq>ls Hkh rHkh ls dg jgs FksA
yhyk % gkI
+
kQ&bZ;jyh esa rks blosQ ukbaVh&flDl uacj vk, Fks---blh us
crk;k Fkk fd Dykl esa lcls ”;knk gSaA
jtuh % mlosQ ckn Hkh dgrs Fks fd V~;w'ku yks\
vfer % gk¡! dkWih ykSVkrs gq, dgk Fkk fd rqeus fd;k rks vPNk gS ij ;g rks
gkI
+
kQ&bZ;jyh gS---cgqr vklku isij gksrk gS bldk rksA vc vxj
bZ;jyh esa Hkh iwjs uacj ysus gSa rks rqjar V~;w'ku ysuk 'kq: dj nksA
ojuk jg tkvksxsA lkr yM+dksa us rks 'kq: Hkh dj fn;k FkkA ij eSaus
2024-25
Read More
535 docs

Top Courses for Humanities/Arts

FAQs on NCERT Textbook - Manu Bhandari - NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts

1. What is the NCERT textbook?
Ans. The NCERT textbook refers to the textbooks published by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) in India. These textbooks are used by students in schools affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and many other state education boards.
2. Who is Manu Bhandari?
Ans. Manu Bhandari is an Indian author known for her works in Hindi literature. She has written several novels, short stories, and plays, with her most famous work being the novel "Aapka Bunty" (Your Bunty). Bhandari's writings often explore themes of love, relationships, and social issues.
3. What is the significance of the NCERT textbook by Manu Bhandari?
Ans. The NCERT textbook by Manu Bhandari is a part of the curriculum designed by NCERT for schools in India. It holds significance as it provides students with literature written in Hindi, allowing them to explore Hindi literature and develop their language skills. The textbook may also include themes and stories that reflect the culture and society of India.
4. How can the NCERT textbook by Manu Bhandari help in exam preparation?
Ans. The NCERT textbook by Manu Bhandari can be helpful in exam preparation as it provides students with a comprehensive coverage of the prescribed syllabus. By studying the content of the textbook, students can gain a deeper understanding of the concepts, themes, and literary techniques used in Hindi literature. This knowledge can be beneficial in answering exam questions related to Hindi literature.
5. Are there any additional resources available to supplement the NCERT textbook by Manu Bhandari?
Ans. Yes, there are additional resources available to supplement the NCERT textbook by Manu Bhandari. Students can refer to guidebooks, question banks, previous years' question papers, and online study materials to further enhance their understanding of the subject. These resources can provide additional practice exercises, explanations, and sample answers to help students prepare for exams more effectively.
535 docs
Download as PDF
Explore Courses for Humanities/Arts exam

Top Courses for Humanities/Arts

Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

practice quizzes

,

NCERT Textbook - Manu Bhandari | NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts

,

past year papers

,

Viva Questions

,

Sample Paper

,

MCQs

,

NCERT Textbook - Manu Bhandari | NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts

,

pdf

,

NCERT Textbook - Manu Bhandari | NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts

,

shortcuts and tricks

,

Extra Questions

,

Important questions

,

ppt

,

video lectures

,

study material

,

Summary

,

Objective type Questions

,

Semester Notes

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

Free

,

mock tests for examination

,

Exam

;