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 Page 1


LASER
Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation
Page 2


LASER
Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation
? Objectives…
?Introduction and understand the principle of
LASER
• Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation
• Absorption
• Spontaneous Emission
• Stimulated Emission
• Population Inversion
• Optical Pumping
Page 3


LASER
Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation
? Objectives…
?Introduction and understand the principle of
LASER
• Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation
• Absorption
• Spontaneous Emission
• Stimulated Emission
• Population Inversion
• Optical Pumping
? Objectives…
? Characteristics or Properties of Laser Light
• Coherence
• High Intensity
• High directionality
• High monochromaticity
Laser light is highly powerful and it is capable 
of propagating over long distances and it is not 
easily absorbed by water.
Page 4


LASER
Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation
? Objectives…
?Introduction and understand the principle of
LASER
• Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation
• Absorption
• Spontaneous Emission
• Stimulated Emission
• Population Inversion
• Optical Pumping
? Objectives…
? Characteristics or Properties of Laser Light
• Coherence
• High Intensity
• High directionality
• High monochromaticity
Laser light is highly powerful and it is capable 
of propagating over long distances and it is not 
easily absorbed by water.
? Introduction
• LASER
“Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission
of Radiation”
• MASER (1939 Towner)
“Microwave Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation”
• Stimulated Emission - Einstein in 1917.
• Ruby Crystal LASER - Maiman, California in 1960.
• He-Ne LASER - Ali Javan in 1961.
• Diode LASER- Hall in 1962.
Page 5


LASER
Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation
? Objectives…
?Introduction and understand the principle of
LASER
• Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation
• Absorption
• Spontaneous Emission
• Stimulated Emission
• Population Inversion
• Optical Pumping
? Objectives…
? Characteristics or Properties of Laser Light
• Coherence
• High Intensity
• High directionality
• High monochromaticity
Laser light is highly powerful and it is capable 
of propagating over long distances and it is not 
easily absorbed by water.
? Introduction
• LASER
“Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission
of Radiation”
• MASER (1939 Towner)
“Microwave Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation”
• Stimulated Emission - Einstein in 1917.
• Ruby Crystal LASER - Maiman, California in 1960.
• He-Ne LASER - Ali Javan in 1961.
• Diode LASER- Hall in 1962.
? Light having following Properties
? Wavelength
? Frequency
? Amplitude
? Phase
? Coherence/Incoherence
? Velocity
? Direction

FAQs on PPT - Lasers - Civil Engineering (CE)

1. What are lasers and how do they work?

Ans. Lasers are devices that emit a focused, coherent beam of light. They work by stimulating the emission of photons in a process called stimulated emission. This creates a population inversion, where more atoms or molecules are in an excited state than in a ground state. The photons emitted by the excited atoms or molecules then bounce back and forth between mirrors in a resonant cavity, amplifying the light through the process of stimulated emission.

2. What are the applications of lasers?

Ans. Lasers have a wide range of applications in various fields. They are commonly used in industries for cutting, welding, and drilling materials. In medicine, lasers are used for surgery, eye treatments, and cosmetic procedures. They are also used in communication systems, such as fiber optics. Additionally, lasers have applications in research, barcode scanners, military weapons, and entertainment, including laser light shows.

3. Are lasers harmful to humans?

Ans. The safety of lasers depends on their power and the wavelength of the light they emit. High-powered lasers can cause eye damage or burns to the skin. It is important to use appropriate safety measures, such as wearing protective eyewear, when working with lasers. The specific safety guidelines and regulations vary depending on the type of laser and its intended use. It is always advisable to follow the manufacturer's instructions and seek proper training to ensure safe use.

4. How are lasers used in scientific research?

Ans. Lasers are widely used in scientific research for various purposes. They are used in spectroscopy to study the interaction of light with matter, providing valuable information about the chemical composition and structure of substances. Lasers are also used in microscopy techniques, such as confocal microscopy and multiphoton microscopy, to obtain high-resolution images of biological samples. Additionally, lasers are used in experimental physics, such as in particle accelerators or to create extreme conditions in laboratories.

5. Can lasers be used for energy generation?

Ans. Yes, lasers can be used for energy generation. One example is the use of laser-induced fusion, where high-powered lasers are used to create the extreme conditions required to initiate a controlled fusion reaction. This has the potential to generate large amounts of clean energy. However, laser-induced fusion is still a developing technology and faces significant technical challenges. Other laser-based technologies, such as photovoltaics and solar-powered lasers, are also being explored for energy generation and storage.

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