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Page 1 Synthetic and Special Application Fibers Page 2 Synthetic and Special Application Fibers Synthetic Fibers Synthetic Fibers Production: Synthesize polymer from raw materials by addition or condensation polymerization. Page 3 Synthetic and Special Application Fibers Synthetic Fibers Synthetic Fibers Production: Synthesize polymer from raw materials by addition or condensation polymerization. Common Properties Common Properties ? Heat sensitive: Softens or melts with sufficient heat. ? Pilling: Formation of tiny balls of fiber on fabric. ? Static electricity: Soil and lint cling; problems in production & processing; discomfort during use. ? Oleophilic: Affinity for oil and grease. ? Chemically resistant ? Hydrophobic: Low absorbency. Page 4 Synthetic and Special Application Fibers Synthetic Fibers Synthetic Fibers Production: Synthesize polymer from raw materials by addition or condensation polymerization. Common Properties Common Properties ? Heat sensitive: Softens or melts with sufficient heat. ? Pilling: Formation of tiny balls of fiber on fabric. ? Static electricity: Soil and lint cling; problems in production & processing; discomfort during use. ? Oleophilic: Affinity for oil and grease. ? Chemically resistant ? Hydrophobic: Low absorbency. Heat and pressure cause permanent flattening of the Heat and pressure cause permanent flattening of the yarn yarn. . Page 5 Synthetic and Special Application Fibers Synthetic Fibers Synthetic Fibers Production: Synthesize polymer from raw materials by addition or condensation polymerization. Common Properties Common Properties ? Heat sensitive: Softens or melts with sufficient heat. ? Pilling: Formation of tiny balls of fiber on fabric. ? Static electricity: Soil and lint cling; problems in production & processing; discomfort during use. ? Oleophilic: Affinity for oil and grease. ? Chemically resistant ? Hydrophobic: Low absorbency. Heat and pressure cause permanent flattening of the Heat and pressure cause permanent flattening of the yarn yarn. . Common Properties Common Properties ? Slick and abrasion resistant ? Strong and resilient ? Resistant to most common fiber degradants: sunlight (except for nylon) ? Flame resistance varies widely ? Low density ? Non-biodegradableRead More
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FAQs on PPT - Synthetic Fibers - Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering
| 1. What are synthetic fibers and how are they made? |  |
Ans. Synthetic fibers are man-made fibers that are created through the chemical synthesis of polymers. They are made by converting raw materials, such as petroleum-based chemicals or plant-based materials, into polymers through a process called polymerization. These polymers are then spun into fibers using various methods, such as melt spinning or dry spinning.
| 2. What are the advantages of using synthetic fibers over natural fibers? | |
Ans. There are several advantages of using synthetic fibers over natural fibers. Synthetic fibers are generally more durable and resistant to wear and tear. They also have higher strength and elasticity, making them ideal for applications that require these properties, such as in the production of ropes or fabrics for outdoor activities. Additionally, synthetic fibers are often more resistant to moisture, mildew, and insects, making them suitable for use in outdoor or high-humidity environments.
| 3. Are synthetic fibers harmful to the environment? | |
Ans. The production and disposal of synthetic fibers can have negative environmental impacts. The manufacturing process of synthetic fibers involves the use of chemicals and energy, contributing to air and water pollution. Additionally, synthetic fibers are not biodegradable and can persist in the environment for a long time. However, advancements have been made in the development of environmentally friendly synthetic fibers, such as those made from recycled materials or biodegradable polymers, which help reduce their impact on the environment.
| 4. Can synthetic fibers be recycled? | |
Ans. Yes, many synthetic fibers can be recycled. Recycling of synthetic fibers involves breaking down the fibers into their basic components and then reprocessing them to create new fibers or other products. However, the recycling process can be complex and costly, and not all types of synthetic fibers are easily recyclable. It is important to have proper recycling infrastructure and processes in place to effectively recycle synthetic fibers and reduce waste.
| 5. What are some common applications of synthetic fibers in chemical engineering? | |
Ans. Synthetic fibers find various applications in chemical engineering. They are used in the production of textiles, such as clothing, upholstery, and carpets, due to their durability and versatility. Synthetic fibers are also used in the manufacturing of composites, where they provide strength and reinforcement. They are utilized in filtration systems, such as air filters or water purification membranes, due to their high surface area and ability to trap particles. In addition, synthetic fibers are used in the production of geotextiles, which are used for erosion control, drainage, and reinforcement in civil engineering projects.
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