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Page 1 WHAT IS PULP? Pulp is a commercial fibrous material obtained from bamboo, wood, bagasse (waste material) etc. by mechanical and chemical means. Pulping means disintegration of bulky fibrous material to small fibers. There are mainly three modes of production of pulp: Mechanical Chemical Semi chemical Page 2 WHAT IS PULP? Pulp is a commercial fibrous material obtained from bamboo, wood, bagasse (waste material) etc. by mechanical and chemical means. Pulping means disintegration of bulky fibrous material to small fibers. There are mainly three modes of production of pulp: Mechanical Chemical Semi chemical CHEMICAL CONVERT WOOD BLOCKS INTO CELLULOSIC PULP WOOD BLOCKS CELLULOSIC PULP Page 3 WHAT IS PULP? Pulp is a commercial fibrous material obtained from bamboo, wood, bagasse (waste material) etc. by mechanical and chemical means. Pulping means disintegration of bulky fibrous material to small fibers. There are mainly three modes of production of pulp: Mechanical Chemical Semi chemical CHEMICAL CONVERT WOOD BLOCKS INTO CELLULOSIC PULP WOOD BLOCKS CELLULOSIC PULP SULFATE (KRAFT) PULPING PROCESS Most popularly used process. This is an alkaline process. Na2SO4 is added to the cooking liquor, So it’s common name is sulfate process. The presence of sodium sulfide makes bleaching of pulp easier and the paper produced has better strength. Page 4 WHAT IS PULP? Pulp is a commercial fibrous material obtained from bamboo, wood, bagasse (waste material) etc. by mechanical and chemical means. Pulping means disintegration of bulky fibrous material to small fibers. There are mainly three modes of production of pulp: Mechanical Chemical Semi chemical CHEMICAL CONVERT WOOD BLOCKS INTO CELLULOSIC PULP WOOD BLOCKS CELLULOSIC PULP SULFATE (KRAFT) PULPING PROCESS Most popularly used process. This is an alkaline process. Na2SO4 is added to the cooking liquor, So it’s common name is sulfate process. The presence of sodium sulfide makes bleaching of pulp easier and the paper produced has better strength. CHEMICAL REACTIONS (i) Digestion (hydrolysis and solubilization of lignin): R-R’ + NaOH ? R”COONa + ROH R-R’ + Na2S ? Mercaptans (ii) Chemical recovery from black liquor: (a) Smelting:- 2NaR + air ? Na2CO3 + CO2 (lignin) Na2SO4 + 2C ? Na2S + 2CO2 (from R) (white liquor) Page 5 WHAT IS PULP? Pulp is a commercial fibrous material obtained from bamboo, wood, bagasse (waste material) etc. by mechanical and chemical means. Pulping means disintegration of bulky fibrous material to small fibers. There are mainly three modes of production of pulp: Mechanical Chemical Semi chemical CHEMICAL CONVERT WOOD BLOCKS INTO CELLULOSIC PULP WOOD BLOCKS CELLULOSIC PULP SULFATE (KRAFT) PULPING PROCESS Most popularly used process. This is an alkaline process. Na2SO4 is added to the cooking liquor, So it’s common name is sulfate process. The presence of sodium sulfide makes bleaching of pulp easier and the paper produced has better strength. CHEMICAL REACTIONS (i) Digestion (hydrolysis and solubilization of lignin): R-R’ + NaOH ? R”COONa + ROH R-R’ + Na2S ? Mercaptans (ii) Chemical recovery from black liquor: (a) Smelting:- 2NaR + air ? Na2CO3 + CO2 (lignin) Na2SO4 + 2C ? Na2S + 2CO2 (from R) (white liquor) CONTINUE…. (b) Causticzing:- Na2CO3 (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (s) ? 2NaOH (aq) + CaCO3 (s) (green liquor) (white liquor) CaCO3 ? CaO + CO2 CaO + H2O ? Ca(OH)2Read More
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FAQs on PPT - Sulfate (Kraft) Pulping Process - Chemical Technology - Chemical Engineering
| 1. What is the sulfate (Kraft) pulping process? |  |
Ans. The sulfate (Kraft) pulping process is a chemical process used in the paper industry to convert wood chips into pulp. It involves cooking the wood chips with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide in a pressurized vessel, which breaks down the lignin in the wood and separates the cellulose fibers.
| 2. How does the sulfate (Kraft) pulping process work? | |
Ans. In the sulfate (Kraft) pulping process, wood chips are mixed with a solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, known as white liquor. The mixture is then cooked under high pressure and temperature in a digester. This process breaks down the lignin, which holds the wood fibers together, and separates the cellulose fibers from the lignin. The resulting pulp can be used to produce various paper products.
| 3. What are the advantages of the sulfate (Kraft) pulping process? | |
Ans. The sulfate (Kraft) pulping process has several advantages. Firstly, it is a highly efficient process that allows for the production of high-quality pulp. Secondly, it can be used with a wide range of wood species, making it versatile. Additionally, the process recovers and reuses the chemicals used in the cooking process, making it environmentally friendly. Lastly, the resulting pulp has good strength properties, which is desirable for paper production.
| 4. What are some common challenges in the sulfate (Kraft) pulping process? | |
Ans. The sulfate (Kraft) pulping process can face challenges such as corrosion of equipment due to the highly caustic nature of the chemicals used. Another challenge is the formation of harmful byproducts, such as sulfur compounds, which can have negative environmental impacts. Additionally, the process requires careful control of operating conditions, including temperature and pressure, to ensure optimal pulping efficiency.
| 5. How does the sulfate (Kraft) pulping process compare to other pulping processes? | |
Ans. The sulfate (Kraft) pulping process is one of the most commonly used pulping processes in the paper industry. It offers advantages such as high pulp yield, good strength properties, and versatility in wood species used. However, it also has some drawbacks, such as the potential for environmental pollution and the need for extensive chemical recovery systems. Other pulping processes, such as sulfite pulping and mechanical pulping, have their own advantages and limitations, making the choice of pulping process dependent on specific requirements and considerations.
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