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 Page 1


1
Root locus
Page 2


1
Root locus
2
Poles and zeros
) ( ) )( (
) ( ) )( (
) (
2 1
2 1
n
m
p s p s p s
z s z s z s k
s F
- - -
- - -
=
L
L
n
m
p p p
z z z
L
L
, ,
, ,
2 1
2 1 zeros
poles
axis - Re
axis - Im
pole
zero
Page 3


1
Root locus
2
Poles and zeros
) ( ) )( (
) ( ) )( (
) (
2 1
2 1
n
m
p s p s p s
z s z s z s k
s F
- - -
- - -
=
L
L
n
m
p p p
z z z
L
L
, ,
, ,
2 1
2 1 zeros
poles
axis - Re
axis - Im
pole
zero
3
2
2
2
) (
2
n n
n
s s
s T
w zw
w
+ +
=
Closed-loop transfer function :
axis - Re
axis - Im
2
1 z w -
n
j
n
zw -
n
w
q
% 100 . .
4
1
cos
2
1
2
´ =
=
-
=
=
-
-
z
zp
zw
z w
p
z q
e o m
T
T
n
s
n
p
s
w j
) cos 1 sin(
1
1 ) (
1 2
2
x x w
x
xw
-
-
+ -
-
- = t
e
t y
n
t
n
Page 4


1
Root locus
2
Poles and zeros
) ( ) )( (
) ( ) )( (
) (
2 1
2 1
n
m
p s p s p s
z s z s z s k
s F
- - -
- - -
=
L
L
n
m
p p p
z z z
L
L
, ,
, ,
2 1
2 1 zeros
poles
axis - Re
axis - Im
pole
zero
3
2
2
2
) (
2
n n
n
s s
s T
w zw
w
+ +
=
Closed-loop transfer function :
axis - Re
axis - Im
2
1 z w -
n
j
n
zw -
n
w
q
% 100 . .
4
1
cos
2
1
2
´ =
=
-
=
=
-
-
z
zp
zw
z w
p
z q
e o m
T
T
n
s
n
p
s
w j
) cos 1 sin(
1
1 ) (
1 2
2
x x w
x
xw
-
-
+ -
-
- = t
e
t y
n
t
n
4
s
w j
1
p
2
p
3
p
3 2 1
1 2 3
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
. . . . . .
s s s
n n n
p p p
T T T
s o s o s o
T T T
= = Þ
Þ
Þ
Þ
w w w
z z z
q q q
f f
p p
f f
f f
p p
n
zw -
­ -
2
1 z w
n
j
Page 5


1
Root locus
2
Poles and zeros
) ( ) )( (
) ( ) )( (
) (
2 1
2 1
n
m
p s p s p s
z s z s z s k
s F
- - -
- - -
=
L
L
n
m
p p p
z z z
L
L
, ,
, ,
2 1
2 1 zeros
poles
axis - Re
axis - Im
pole
zero
3
2
2
2
) (
2
n n
n
s s
s T
w zw
w
+ +
=
Closed-loop transfer function :
axis - Re
axis - Im
2
1 z w -
n
j
n
zw -
n
w
q
% 100 . .
4
1
cos
2
1
2
´ =
=
-
=
=
-
-
z
zp
zw
z w
p
z q
e o m
T
T
n
s
n
p
s
w j
) cos 1 sin(
1
1 ) (
1 2
2
x x w
x
xw
-
-
+ -
-
- = t
e
t y
n
t
n
4
s
w j
1
p
2
p
3
p
3 2 1
1 2 3
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
. . . . . .
s s s
n n n
p p p
T T T
s o s o s o
T T T
= = Þ
Þ
Þ
Þ
w w w
z z z
q q q
f f
p p
f f
f f
p p
n
zw -
­ -
2
1 z w
n
j
5
s
w j
1
p
2
p
3
p
3 2 1
1 2 3
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
. . . . . .
s s s
n n n
p p p
T T T
T T T
s o s o s o
p p
f f
f f
p p
f f
Þ
= = Þ
Þ
Þ
w w w
z z z
q q q
­
n
zw
¯ ­Þ ¯Þ
­ ­Þ -
¯ ­Þ
. . ) (
1 ) (
) (
2
s o iii
T ii
T i
p n
s n
z q
z w
zw
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FAQs on PPT - Root Locus - Electrical Engineering (EE)

1. What is the concept of the root locus in control systems?
Ans. The root locus is a graphical representation of the possible locations of the closed-loop poles of a control system as a specific parameter, usually the gain, is varied. It helps in analyzing the stability and transient response of the system.
2. How do you determine the stability of a control system using the root locus?
Ans. The stability of a control system can be determined by examining the root locus. If all the poles of the system lie within the left half of the complex plane, the system is stable. If any poles are present in the right half of the plane, the system is unstable.
3. What does a root locus plot reveal about a control system?
Ans. A root locus plot reveals the behavior of the closed-loop poles of a control system as a parameter is varied. It provides information about the stability, transient response, and the effect of changing the system's parameters on the overall performance.
4. How can the root locus plot help in designing a control system?
Ans. The root locus plot can help in designing a control system by providing insights into the system's stability and performance characteristics. Engineers can use the plot to select appropriate controller gains to achieve desired system behavior such as faster response time, improved stability, or reduced overshoot.
5. Can the root locus plot be used to analyze non-linear control systems?
Ans. No, the root locus plot is primarily used for analyzing linear control systems. It assumes linearity and time-invariance of the system. Non-linear control systems require different analysis techniques such as phase portraits or numerical simulations to study their behavior.
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