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MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
What is meant by measurement?
• Types of instruments
1. Absolute instruments
2. Secondary instruments
indicating integrating recording
Page 2


MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
What is meant by measurement?
• Types of instruments
1. Absolute instruments
2. Secondary instruments
indicating integrating recording
• Absolute instrument:
Page 3


MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
What is meant by measurement?
• Types of instruments
1. Absolute instruments
2. Secondary instruments
indicating integrating recording
• Absolute instrument:
• Indicationg instruments:
Indicating instruments indicate the value of the 
electrical quantity to be measured generally by the 
deflection of the pointer on the calibrated scale.
e.g.- voltmeter, ammeter, wattmeter
• Essential system of Indicating Instruments:
1. A deflection system
2. A controlling system
3. A damping system
Page 4


MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
What is meant by measurement?
• Types of instruments
1. Absolute instruments
2. Secondary instruments
indicating integrating recording
• Absolute instrument:
• Indicationg instruments:
Indicating instruments indicate the value of the 
electrical quantity to be measured generally by the 
deflection of the pointer on the calibrated scale.
e.g.- voltmeter, ammeter, wattmeter
• Essential system of Indicating Instruments:
1. A deflection system
2. A controlling system
3. A damping system
Deflection system:
It is that part of the instrument mechanism which 
utilize some physical effect of electric current or voltage to 
produce a mechanical force. This deflection or force causes 
the system along with the pointer attached to it to move 
from it’s zero position.
The magnetude of the deflection force(deflection of 
pointer) depents on the value of electrical quantity to be 
measured.
Page 5


MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
What is meant by measurement?
• Types of instruments
1. Absolute instruments
2. Secondary instruments
indicating integrating recording
• Absolute instrument:
• Indicationg instruments:
Indicating instruments indicate the value of the 
electrical quantity to be measured generally by the 
deflection of the pointer on the calibrated scale.
e.g.- voltmeter, ammeter, wattmeter
• Essential system of Indicating Instruments:
1. A deflection system
2. A controlling system
3. A damping system
Deflection system:
It is that part of the instrument mechanism which 
utilize some physical effect of electric current or voltage to 
produce a mechanical force. This deflection or force causes 
the system along with the pointer attached to it to move 
from it’s zero position.
The magnetude of the deflection force(deflection of 
pointer) depents on the value of electrical quantity to be 
measured.
Control systems:
It is that part of the instrument which brings into 
play a force called controlling force. This force opposes the 
deflection force and increases with the increase in the 
deflection of the moving system, to limit its movement.
The pointer is brought to rest at a position where the 
two opposing forces i.e. deflection and controlling forces 
are equal.
Types of control system:
1. Spring control
2. Gravity control
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FAQs on PPT: Measuring Instruments - Basic Electrical Technology - Electrical Engineering (EE)

1. What are measuring instruments?
Ans. Measuring instruments are devices used to quantitatively determine physical quantities such as length, temperature, pressure, or electrical voltage. These instruments provide accurate measurements and are commonly used in scientific research, industrial processes, and everyday life.
2. What are some common types of measuring instruments?
Ans. There are various types of measuring instruments depending on the nature of the physical quantity being measured. Some common types include rulers or tape measures for measuring length, thermometers for measuring temperature, pressure gauges for measuring pressure, and voltmeters for measuring electrical voltage.
3. How do measuring instruments work?
Ans. Measuring instruments work based on specific principles and technologies. For example, rulers or tape measures work by comparing the length being measured to a standardized scale. Thermometers work by measuring the expansion or contraction of a liquid or gas with temperature changes. Pressure gauges measure the force exerted by a fluid on a sensing element, while voltmeters measure the electrical potential difference between two points.
4. What is calibration in relation to measuring instruments?
Ans. Calibration is the process of comparing the measurements taken by a measuring instrument to a known standard to ensure accuracy. Over time, measuring instruments can drift or become less accurate due to various factors such as wear and tear, environmental conditions, or aging. Calibration helps to adjust and correct any deviations, ensuring reliable and precise measurements.
5. How often should measuring instruments be calibrated?
Ans. The frequency of calibration depends on the specific instrument, its intended use, and the industry standards or regulations. Some instruments may require calibration before each use, while others may only need calibration annually or at longer intervals. Manufacturers often provide guidelines on calibration frequency, and it is essential to follow them to maintain accurate measurements and ensure quality control.
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