सामन्य ज्ञान (भाग -2) - संशोधन नोटस, भारतीय राजव्यवस्था | Revision Notes for UPSC Hindi PDF Download

 Page 1


jk"Vªè;{kksa@'kklukè;{kksa ds
vf/kdkfjd fuokl@dk;Z LFky
Hkou jk"Vªkè;{k@'kklukè;{k LFkku
24 llsDl Mªkbo izèkkuea=kh] dukMk vksVkok
jk"Vªifr Hkou jk"Vªifr] Hkkjr ubZ fnYyh
10 Mkmfuax LVªhV izèkkuea=kh] fczVsu yanu
fDofjuy iSysl jk"Vªifr] bVyh jkse
OgkbV gkml jk"Vªifr] la-jk- vesfjdk okf'kaxVu Mh-lh-
ykWl fiuksl jk"Vªifr] eSfDldks eSfDldksa flVh
vjkl ,u ok'rkjsu jk"Vªifr] vk;jySaM MfCyu
iSysfl;ksa fM yk eksuDyks izèkkuea=kh] Lisu eSfMªM
cfda?ke iSysl egkjkuh] fczVsu yanu
isQMjy pkalylZ vkfiQl pkalyj] teZuh ckWu
eMsZdk iSysl jk"Vªifr] baMksusf'k;k tdkrkZ
,soku&,&lnj jk"Vªifr] ikfdLrku bLykekckn
flag njckj izèkkuea=kh] usiky dkBekaMq
iSysfl;ksa fM csyse jk"Vªifr] iqrZxky fyLcu
n ykt izèkkuea=kh] vkLVsªfy;k oSQucjk
pSV~;w fM ykpsu ujs'k] csfYT;e czqlsYl
Cyw gkml jk"Vªifr] n- dksfj;k flvksy
;wfu;u fcfYMax jk"Vªifr] n- vizQhdk fizVksfj;k
VsEiy Vªht jk"Vªifr dksyacks
(iwoZ esa izèkkuea=kh) Jhyadk
izeq[k ns'kksa ds jk"Vªh; izrhd
ns'k jk"Vªh; izrhd
vkLVªsfy;k cSVy (vkLVªsfy;u ,lkfl;k)
ckaXykns'k oaQcy (ckVj fyyh)
csfYt;e 'ksj
dukMk eSiy iÙkh
fpyh daMksj ,o áqeqy
teZuh bZxy
vk;jySaM gkiZ
bÏk;y oSaQMykczqe
yscuku lhMj o`{k
eaxksfy;k lks;kEcks
uhnjySaM~l 'ksj
U;wthySaM lnuZ Økl] iQuZ] fdch
ukosZ 'ksj
ikfdLrku pesyh dk iwQy
iksySaM bZxy
lwMku lsØsVjh i{kh
lhfj;k 'ksj
rqdhZ pkan&rkjk
l-jk- vesfjdk xksYMsu jkWM
bZjku xqykc dk iwQy
Hkkjr v'kksd pØ
izQkal fyyh
MsuekoZQ chp
bVyh lisQn fyyh
;wukbVsM fdaxMe lisQn fyyh
Lisu bZxy
ftackCos ftackCos i{kh
:l Mcy gsMsM bZxy
jk"Vªh; Qwy
ns'k jk"Vªh; iwQy
eSfDldks ngfy;k
vkLVªsfy;k oSVy
izQkal fyyh
dukMk lisQn fyyh
teZuh dkuZÝykoj
Hkkjr dey dk iwQy
vk;jySaM 'kkejkWd
;wukbVsM fdaxMe xqykc dk iwQy
Lisu dkjus'ku
jk"Vªh; i'kq
ns'k jk"Vªh; i'kq
vkLVªsfy;k daxk:
U;wthySaM fdoh
la-jk- vesfjdk xatk bZxy
dukMk choj
;wukbVsM fdaxMe jkfou jsMczsLV
tkiku vkbfcl
Hkkjr flag
izeq[k ns'kksa ds loksZPp lEeku
lEeku ns'k
ysatk vkiQ vkuj izQkal
vkMZj vkiQ fØlkuFkhee
vkMZj vkiQ ekSyksofu;k lu tkiku
vkMZj vkiQ jkbftax lu
dkaxzsluy esMy vkiQ vkuj la- jk- vesfjdk
n ysatk vkiQ esfjV
esMy iQkj esfjV
izsflMsafl;y esMy vkiQ izQhMe
vkMZj vkiQ n MSuczksx MsuekoZQ
esEcj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j ;wukbVsM fdaxMe
vkfiQlj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
dekaMj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
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jk"Vªè;{kksa@'kklukè;{kksa ds
vf/kdkfjd fuokl@dk;Z LFky
Hkou jk"Vªkè;{k@'kklukè;{k LFkku
24 llsDl Mªkbo izèkkuea=kh] dukMk vksVkok
jk"Vªifr Hkou jk"Vªifr] Hkkjr ubZ fnYyh
10 Mkmfuax LVªhV izèkkuea=kh] fczVsu yanu
fDofjuy iSysl jk"Vªifr] bVyh jkse
OgkbV gkml jk"Vªifr] la-jk- vesfjdk okf'kaxVu Mh-lh-
ykWl fiuksl jk"Vªifr] eSfDldks eSfDldksa flVh
vjkl ,u ok'rkjsu jk"Vªifr] vk;jySaM MfCyu
iSysfl;ksa fM yk eksuDyks izèkkuea=kh] Lisu eSfMªM
cfda?ke iSysl egkjkuh] fczVsu yanu
isQMjy pkalylZ vkfiQl pkalyj] teZuh ckWu
eMsZdk iSysl jk"Vªifr] baMksusf'k;k tdkrkZ
,soku&,&lnj jk"Vªifr] ikfdLrku bLykekckn
flag njckj izèkkuea=kh] usiky dkBekaMq
iSysfl;ksa fM csyse jk"Vªifr] iqrZxky fyLcu
n ykt izèkkuea=kh] vkLVsªfy;k oSQucjk
pSV~;w fM ykpsu ujs'k] csfYT;e czqlsYl
Cyw gkml jk"Vªifr] n- dksfj;k flvksy
;wfu;u fcfYMax jk"Vªifr] n- vizQhdk fizVksfj;k
VsEiy Vªht jk"Vªifr dksyacks
(iwoZ esa izèkkuea=kh) Jhyadk
izeq[k ns'kksa ds jk"Vªh; izrhd
ns'k jk"Vªh; izrhd
vkLVªsfy;k cSVy (vkLVªsfy;u ,lkfl;k)
ckaXykns'k oaQcy (ckVj fyyh)
csfYt;e 'ksj
dukMk eSiy iÙkh
fpyh daMksj ,o áqeqy
teZuh bZxy
vk;jySaM gkiZ
bÏk;y oSaQMykczqe
yscuku lhMj o`{k
eaxksfy;k lks;kEcks
uhnjySaM~l 'ksj
U;wthySaM lnuZ Økl] iQuZ] fdch
ukosZ 'ksj
ikfdLrku pesyh dk iwQy
iksySaM bZxy
lwMku lsØsVjh i{kh
lhfj;k 'ksj
rqdhZ pkan&rkjk
l-jk- vesfjdk xksYMsu jkWM
bZjku xqykc dk iwQy
Hkkjr v'kksd pØ
izQkal fyyh
MsuekoZQ chp
bVyh lisQn fyyh
;wukbVsM fdaxMe lisQn fyyh
Lisu bZxy
ftackCos ftackCos i{kh
:l Mcy gsMsM bZxy
jk"Vªh; Qwy
ns'k jk"Vªh; iwQy
eSfDldks ngfy;k
vkLVªsfy;k oSVy
izQkal fyyh
dukMk lisQn fyyh
teZuh dkuZÝykoj
Hkkjr dey dk iwQy
vk;jySaM 'kkejkWd
;wukbVsM fdaxMe xqykc dk iwQy
Lisu dkjus'ku
jk"Vªh; i'kq
ns'k jk"Vªh; i'kq
vkLVªsfy;k daxk:
U;wthySaM fdoh
la-jk- vesfjdk xatk bZxy
dukMk choj
;wukbVsM fdaxMe jkfou jsMczsLV
tkiku vkbfcl
Hkkjr flag
izeq[k ns'kksa ds loksZPp lEeku
lEeku ns'k
ysatk vkiQ vkuj izQkal
vkMZj vkiQ fØlkuFkhee
vkMZj vkiQ ekSyksofu;k lu tkiku
vkMZj vkiQ jkbftax lu
dkaxzsluy esMy vkiQ vkuj la- jk- vesfjdk
n ysatk vkiQ esfjV
esMy iQkj esfjV
izsflMsafl;y esMy vkiQ izQhMe
vkMZj vkiQ n MSuczksx MsuekoZQ
esEcj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j ;wukbVsM fdaxMe
vkfiQlj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
dekaMj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
ukbV@Mse dekaMj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
ukbV@Mse vkiQ n xzSaM Økl
foDVksfj;k Økl
iskj yh esfjV vk;ju Økl teZuh
vkMZj vkiQ n gkml vkiQ vkjsat uhnjysaM~l
fefyVjh vkMZj vkiQ fofy;e
uhnjySaM~l yk;u
Hkkjr jRu
Hkkjr
fu'kku&,&ikfdLrku ikfdLrku
eqckjd vy dchj ind oqQoSr
'kkg vCnqy vtht ind lÅnh vjc
n vkMZj vkiQ lkWu ek£Vu vtsZaVhuk
vkxLVksa lhtj lSf.Muks vkMZj fudkjxqvk
n vkMZj vkiQ cSuj gaxjh
n vkMZj vkiQ n xksYMsu LVkj fo;ruke
izeq[k ns'kksa ds ljdkjh nLrkost
vkjsat cqd uhnjySaM~l ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
;syks cqd izQkalhlh ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
xzhu cqd bVyh ,oa bZjku ljdkj dh fjiksVZ dk izdk'ku
Cyw cqd fczfV'k ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
OgkbV cqd phu] teZuh ,oa iqrZxky ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
xzs cqd csfYt;e ,oa tkiku ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
OgkbV isij Hkkjr dh ljdkjh fjiksVZ] rF;ksa lfgr] tks izdkf'kr dh
tkrh gSA
izeq[k i;kZoj.k ,oa ekuokfèkdkj
laxBu
laxBu eq[;ky; LFkkiuk o"kZ
,D'ku ,M yanu 1972
,eusLVh baVjus'kuy yanu 1961
oSQEisu iQkj U;wfDyvj fMlvkekZesaV yanu 1958
izsaQM~l vkiQ vFkZ ,eLVMZe 1871
xzhuihl ,eLVMZl 1971
gkzweu jkbV~l okp U;w;koZQ 1978
vizQhdk okp
,f'k;k okp
fefMy bZLV okp
vesfjdkt okp
gsyfladh okp
ekbukfjVh jkbV~l xzqi yanu 1965
vkDliQke (vkDliQksMZ desVh vkDliQksMZ 1942
iQkj iSQehu fjyhiQ)
jsM Økl tsusok 1864
lso n fpYMªsu iaQM yanu 1919
ljokboy baVjus'kuy yanu 1969
okysuVjh l£ol vksojlht+ yanu 1958
okj vku okaV yanu 1952
oYMZ datjos'ku ekuhVfjax lsaVj oSQfEczt 1983
oYMZ okbM iaQM iQkj uspj XySaM (fLoV~tjySaM)1961
xksMkyfeax (baXySaM)
izeq[k ns'kksa dh xqIrpj laLFkk,a
ns'k xqIrpj laLFkk,a
la-jk- vesfjdk lsaVªy baVsyhtsal ,tsalh] isQMjy C;wjks vkiQ
buosLVhxs'ku
bÏk;y ekslkn
feÏ eq[kcjkr
tkiku ukbpks
bZjku lkokd
bjkd vy eq[kcjkr
izQkal ,e- Mh- bZ- lh- bZ- (Director General de
Securite Exterieur)
Lisu lh- bZ- ,l- vkbZ- Mh- (Centro Superior de
Information de la Defensa)
D;wck Mh- th- vkbZ- (Director General de
Inteligencia)
phu lsaVªy ,DlVuZy ysatk fMikVZesaV
vkLVªsfy;k vkLVªsfy;u flD;wfjVh ,aM baVsyhtsal vkxsZukbts'ku
teZuh ch- ,u- Mh- (Bundesnachrichtendienst)
:l osQ- th- ch- (dksfersr xkslqnLrosUuksbZ
ostksikLruksLrh)@th- vkj- ;w-
nf{k.k vizQhdk O;wjks vkiQ LVsV flD;wfjVh
dukMk flD;wfjVh baVsyhtsal l£ol
;wukbVsM fdaxMe ,e- vkbZ- (fefyfVª baVsyhtsal)&5 ,oa 6] Lis'ky
czkap] vYVªk] tk;aV baVsyhtsal vkxsZukbts'ku
ikfdLrku baVj l£olst baVsyhtsal (vkbZ- ,l- vkbZ-)
Hkkjr fjlpZ ,aM ,ukfyfll foax (jkW)] baVsyhtsal C;wjks
(vkbZ-ch-)] lsaVªy C;wjks vkWiQ buosfLVxs'ku
(lh-ch-vkbZ-)
Hkkjrh; fQYeksa esa izFke
r izFke fiQYe izn'kZu dk fnukad ,oa LFky&7 tqykbZ] 1896_ okV~lu
gksVy] cEcbZ
r ns'k esa fu£er izFke ejkBh fiQYe&^foyklh bZ'oj* (1935)
r ns'k esa fu£er izFke iatkch fiQYeµ^'khyk*
r izFke fiQYe izn'kZu esa fn[kk;h x;h fiQYesaµ,aVªh vkWiQ fluseSVksxzkiQh*]
^,jkboy vkWiQ , Vªsu*] ^lh ckFk*] ^, fMeksfy'ku*] ^yhfoax n iSQDVjh*
rFkk ^ysMht ,aM lksYtlZ vkWu g~ohYl*
r Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh U;wtjhy&fjlsI'ku fxosu Vq lhfu;j jSaxyj fe-
vkj- ih- ijkatis (1902)
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jk"Vªè;{kksa@'kklukè;{kksa ds
vf/kdkfjd fuokl@dk;Z LFky
Hkou jk"Vªkè;{k@'kklukè;{k LFkku
24 llsDl Mªkbo izèkkuea=kh] dukMk vksVkok
jk"Vªifr Hkou jk"Vªifr] Hkkjr ubZ fnYyh
10 Mkmfuax LVªhV izèkkuea=kh] fczVsu yanu
fDofjuy iSysl jk"Vªifr] bVyh jkse
OgkbV gkml jk"Vªifr] la-jk- vesfjdk okf'kaxVu Mh-lh-
ykWl fiuksl jk"Vªifr] eSfDldks eSfDldksa flVh
vjkl ,u ok'rkjsu jk"Vªifr] vk;jySaM MfCyu
iSysfl;ksa fM yk eksuDyks izèkkuea=kh] Lisu eSfMªM
cfda?ke iSysl egkjkuh] fczVsu yanu
isQMjy pkalylZ vkfiQl pkalyj] teZuh ckWu
eMsZdk iSysl jk"Vªifr] baMksusf'k;k tdkrkZ
,soku&,&lnj jk"Vªifr] ikfdLrku bLykekckn
flag njckj izèkkuea=kh] usiky dkBekaMq
iSysfl;ksa fM csyse jk"Vªifr] iqrZxky fyLcu
n ykt izèkkuea=kh] vkLVsªfy;k oSQucjk
pSV~;w fM ykpsu ujs'k] csfYT;e czqlsYl
Cyw gkml jk"Vªifr] n- dksfj;k flvksy
;wfu;u fcfYMax jk"Vªifr] n- vizQhdk fizVksfj;k
VsEiy Vªht jk"Vªifr dksyacks
(iwoZ esa izèkkuea=kh) Jhyadk
izeq[k ns'kksa ds jk"Vªh; izrhd
ns'k jk"Vªh; izrhd
vkLVªsfy;k cSVy (vkLVªsfy;u ,lkfl;k)
ckaXykns'k oaQcy (ckVj fyyh)
csfYt;e 'ksj
dukMk eSiy iÙkh
fpyh daMksj ,o áqeqy
teZuh bZxy
vk;jySaM gkiZ
bÏk;y oSaQMykczqe
yscuku lhMj o`{k
eaxksfy;k lks;kEcks
uhnjySaM~l 'ksj
U;wthySaM lnuZ Økl] iQuZ] fdch
ukosZ 'ksj
ikfdLrku pesyh dk iwQy
iksySaM bZxy
lwMku lsØsVjh i{kh
lhfj;k 'ksj
rqdhZ pkan&rkjk
l-jk- vesfjdk xksYMsu jkWM
bZjku xqykc dk iwQy
Hkkjr v'kksd pØ
izQkal fyyh
MsuekoZQ chp
bVyh lisQn fyyh
;wukbVsM fdaxMe lisQn fyyh
Lisu bZxy
ftackCos ftackCos i{kh
:l Mcy gsMsM bZxy
jk"Vªh; Qwy
ns'k jk"Vªh; iwQy
eSfDldks ngfy;k
vkLVªsfy;k oSVy
izQkal fyyh
dukMk lisQn fyyh
teZuh dkuZÝykoj
Hkkjr dey dk iwQy
vk;jySaM 'kkejkWd
;wukbVsM fdaxMe xqykc dk iwQy
Lisu dkjus'ku
jk"Vªh; i'kq
ns'k jk"Vªh; i'kq
vkLVªsfy;k daxk:
U;wthySaM fdoh
la-jk- vesfjdk xatk bZxy
dukMk choj
;wukbVsM fdaxMe jkfou jsMczsLV
tkiku vkbfcl
Hkkjr flag
izeq[k ns'kksa ds loksZPp lEeku
lEeku ns'k
ysatk vkiQ vkuj izQkal
vkMZj vkiQ fØlkuFkhee
vkMZj vkiQ ekSyksofu;k lu tkiku
vkMZj vkiQ jkbftax lu
dkaxzsluy esMy vkiQ vkuj la- jk- vesfjdk
n ysatk vkiQ esfjV
esMy iQkj esfjV
izsflMsafl;y esMy vkiQ izQhMe
vkMZj vkiQ n MSuczksx MsuekoZQ
esEcj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j ;wukbVsM fdaxMe
vkfiQlj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
dekaMj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
ukbV@Mse dekaMj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
ukbV@Mse vkiQ n xzSaM Økl
foDVksfj;k Økl
iskj yh esfjV vk;ju Økl teZuh
vkMZj vkiQ n gkml vkiQ vkjsat uhnjysaM~l
fefyVjh vkMZj vkiQ fofy;e
uhnjySaM~l yk;u
Hkkjr jRu
Hkkjr
fu'kku&,&ikfdLrku ikfdLrku
eqckjd vy dchj ind oqQoSr
'kkg vCnqy vtht ind lÅnh vjc
n vkMZj vkiQ lkWu ek£Vu vtsZaVhuk
vkxLVksa lhtj lSf.Muks vkMZj fudkjxqvk
n vkMZj vkiQ cSuj gaxjh
n vkMZj vkiQ n xksYMsu LVkj fo;ruke
izeq[k ns'kksa ds ljdkjh nLrkost
vkjsat cqd uhnjySaM~l ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
;syks cqd izQkalhlh ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
xzhu cqd bVyh ,oa bZjku ljdkj dh fjiksVZ dk izdk'ku
Cyw cqd fczfV'k ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
OgkbV cqd phu] teZuh ,oa iqrZxky ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
xzs cqd csfYt;e ,oa tkiku ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
OgkbV isij Hkkjr dh ljdkjh fjiksVZ] rF;ksa lfgr] tks izdkf'kr dh
tkrh gSA
izeq[k i;kZoj.k ,oa ekuokfèkdkj
laxBu
laxBu eq[;ky; LFkkiuk o"kZ
,D'ku ,M yanu 1972
,eusLVh baVjus'kuy yanu 1961
oSQEisu iQkj U;wfDyvj fMlvkekZesaV yanu 1958
izsaQM~l vkiQ vFkZ ,eLVMZe 1871
xzhuihl ,eLVMZl 1971
gkzweu jkbV~l okp U;w;koZQ 1978
vizQhdk okp
,f'k;k okp
fefMy bZLV okp
vesfjdkt okp
gsyfladh okp
ekbukfjVh jkbV~l xzqi yanu 1965
vkDliQke (vkDliQksMZ desVh vkDliQksMZ 1942
iQkj iSQehu fjyhiQ)
jsM Økl tsusok 1864
lso n fpYMªsu iaQM yanu 1919
ljokboy baVjus'kuy yanu 1969
okysuVjh l£ol vksojlht+ yanu 1958
okj vku okaV yanu 1952
oYMZ datjos'ku ekuhVfjax lsaVj oSQfEczt 1983
oYMZ okbM iaQM iQkj uspj XySaM (fLoV~tjySaM)1961
xksMkyfeax (baXySaM)
izeq[k ns'kksa dh xqIrpj laLFkk,a
ns'k xqIrpj laLFkk,a
la-jk- vesfjdk lsaVªy baVsyhtsal ,tsalh] isQMjy C;wjks vkiQ
buosLVhxs'ku
bÏk;y ekslkn
feÏ eq[kcjkr
tkiku ukbpks
bZjku lkokd
bjkd vy eq[kcjkr
izQkal ,e- Mh- bZ- lh- bZ- (Director General de
Securite Exterieur)
Lisu lh- bZ- ,l- vkbZ- Mh- (Centro Superior de
Information de la Defensa)
D;wck Mh- th- vkbZ- (Director General de
Inteligencia)
phu lsaVªy ,DlVuZy ysatk fMikVZesaV
vkLVªsfy;k vkLVªsfy;u flD;wfjVh ,aM baVsyhtsal vkxsZukbts'ku
teZuh ch- ,u- Mh- (Bundesnachrichtendienst)
:l osQ- th- ch- (dksfersr xkslqnLrosUuksbZ
ostksikLruksLrh)@th- vkj- ;w-
nf{k.k vizQhdk O;wjks vkiQ LVsV flD;wfjVh
dukMk flD;wfjVh baVsyhtsal l£ol
;wukbVsM fdaxMe ,e- vkbZ- (fefyfVª baVsyhtsal)&5 ,oa 6] Lis'ky
czkap] vYVªk] tk;aV baVsyhtsal vkxsZukbts'ku
ikfdLrku baVj l£olst baVsyhtsal (vkbZ- ,l- vkbZ-)
Hkkjr fjlpZ ,aM ,ukfyfll foax (jkW)] baVsyhtsal C;wjks
(vkbZ-ch-)] lsaVªy C;wjks vkWiQ buosfLVxs'ku
(lh-ch-vkbZ-)
Hkkjrh; fQYeksa esa izFke
r izFke fiQYe izn'kZu dk fnukad ,oa LFky&7 tqykbZ] 1896_ okV~lu
gksVy] cEcbZ
r ns'k esa fu£er izFke ejkBh fiQYe&^foyklh bZ'oj* (1935)
r ns'k esa fu£er izFke iatkch fiQYeµ^'khyk*
r izFke fiQYe izn'kZu esa fn[kk;h x;h fiQYesaµ,aVªh vkWiQ fluseSVksxzkiQh*]
^,jkboy vkWiQ , Vªsu*] ^lh ckFk*] ^, fMeksfy'ku*] ^yhfoax n iSQDVjh*
rFkk ^ysMht ,aM lksYtlZ vkWu g~ohYl*
r Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh U;wtjhy&fjlsI'ku fxosu Vq lhfu;j jSaxyj fe-
vkj- ih- ijkatis (1902)
r izFke iw.kZ:is.k Lons'kh fiQYeµjktk gfj'pUnz (1912 esa fu£er ,oa
3 ebZ] 1913 dks izn£'kr)
r izFke Lons'kh fiQYe ^jktk gfj'pUnz* osQ fuekZrk&nknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYe&fuekZ=kh efgyk&iQkfrek csxe (cqycqys ijhLrku]
1926)
r Hkkjr esa cuh igyh lokd fiQYeµ^vkye vkjk* (fuekZrkµvknsZf'kj
bZjkuh] izn£'krµ14 ekpZ] 1932)
r nf{k.k Hkkjr esa cuus okyh igyh fuokZd fiQYeµ^dhpdoèke~*
(fuekZrk&vkj- uVjkt eqnfy;kj)
r Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh vaxzsth (lokd fiQYe) fiQYeµ^uwjtgk¡* (1931)
r izFke ejkBh lokd fiQYeµ^vk;ksè;kpk jktk* (1932] izHkkr fiQYe
dEiuh)
r izFke rfey lokd fiQYeµ^cYyhtosfMax* (1933] fuekZrkµ,l- foUlsV)
r izFke caxyk lokd fiQYeµ^tekbZ "k"Bh* (1931] enku fFk;sVlZ
fy-)
r izFke iatkch lokd fiQYeµ^ghj jk¡>k* (1932] fuekZrkµgdhe jke
izlkn)
r nf{k.k Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh lokd fiQYeµ^JhfuokldY;k.ke~* (1934]
fuekZrkµih- ih- nkl)
r izFke ey;kye lokd fiQYeµ^ckyu* (1938] ekWMuZ fFk;sVlZ fy-)
r fons'kksa esa iz'kalk izkIr djus okyh izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYeµ^izse lU;kl*
(ykbVl vkWiQ ,f'k;k) (1931] fuekZrkµfgeka'kq jk;)
r Hkkjr esa fu£er izFke cgqHkk"kh; fiQYeµ^dksVZ Mkalj* vFkok ^jkt
urZdh* (1942] fuekZrkµts- ch- ,p- ckfM;k] Hkk"kk,a&fgUnh] caxyk
rFkk vaxzsth)
r csful varjkZ"Vªh; fiQYe lekjksg esa iqjLÑr igyh fiQYeµ^lhrk*
(1935] ^lVhZfiQosQV vkWiQ esfjV*)
r dkyksojh varjkZ"Vªh; fiQYe lekjksg esa iqjLÑr igyh fiQYeµ^tkxrs
jgks* (1956)
r izFke Hkkjrh; lokd fiQYeµ^tSerh* (1933)
r jtr t;arh (flYoj tqfcyh) eukus okyh igyh fiQYeµ^diky
oqQ.Myk* (1929] caxyk)
r Hkkjr dk izFke flusek gkWyµ^,yfiQaLVu fiDpj iSysl* (1907]
dydÙkk] fuekZrkµts- ,iQ- enku)
r Lo.kZ t;Urh (xksYMsu tqfcyh) euksu okyh igyh fiQYeµ^rqdkjke*
(1936] ejkBh)
r fons'kh lg;ksx ls fu£er gksus okyh izFke fiQYeµ^lkfo=kh* (1924] ;w-
lh- bVSfy;kuk osQ- jkse- bVyh)
r nf{k.k Hkkjr esa fu£er izFkr fgUnh fiQYeµ^izse lkxj* (1939]
fuekZrkµfunsZ'kd osQ- lqczge.;e)
r izFke ,uhesVsM ,oa dkVwZu fiQYe&^vkWu , ewufyV ukbV* (1934]
fuekZrkµvkj- lh- cksjky)
r fiQYeisQ;j iqjLdkj ls lEekfur izFke fons'khµukft;k glu (ikfdLrku]
ik'oZ laxhr)
r us'kuy fiQYe isQfLVcy esa lEekfur izFke loZJs"B vfHkusrk&mÙke
oqQekj
r ns'k dk igyk okrkuqowQfyr flusek gky&jhxy (cEcbZ)
r jk"Vªh; fiQYe iqjLdkj ls lEekfur igyh fgUnh fiQYe µ fetkZ xkfyc
(1954)
r jk"Vªh; fiQYe iqjLdkj ls lEekfur igyh fganh fiQYeµ^';keph vkbZ*
(ejkBh] 1953)
r izFke jaxhu fiQYeµ^lSj?kzh* (1931] fuekZrkµizHkkr fiQYe osQ)
r Hkkjr dh igyh flus&dyj fiQYeµ^fd'ku dUgS;k*
r flusekLdksi esa cuh ns'k dh igyh fiQYeµ^dkxt osQ iwQy* (1959]
fuekZrkµxq#nÙk)
r 70 ,e- ,e- esa cuh ns'k dh igyh fiQYeµ^'khys*
r flusekLdksi esa cuh ns'k dh igyh jaxhu fiQYeµ^I;kj dh I;kl*
(1961] fuekZrkµegs'k dkSy)
r ns'k esa fu£er igyh VsDuhdyj fiQYeµ^>kalh dh jkuh* (1951]
fuekZrkµosQnkj 'kekZ)
r ns'k esa cuh igyh f=k&v;keh (3&Mh) fiQYeµ^ekbZ fM;j oqQV~VhpR;u*
(1984] ey;kye] ckn esa bls ^NksVk psru* osQ uke ls fgUnh esa Mc
fd;k x;k)
r fgUnh esa fu£er igyh 3&Mh fiQYeµ^f'kok dk balkiQ* (1986)
r ik¡p Hkk"kkvksa esa fiQYeksa dk fuekZ.k djus okys Hkkjrh; fiQYe funsZ'kdµizHkkr
eq[kthZ (Hkk"kk,aµcaxyk] mfM+;k] vleh] de'ehjh rFkk fgUnh)
r fons'k esa izf'kf{kr izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYe rduhf'k;uµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r Hkkjrh; fiQYe txr osQ izFke rduhf'k;uµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r Hkkjr osQ izFke fiQYe forjdµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYe&fuekZrkµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa osQ tud osQ :i esa fo[;kr O;fDrµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r tc Hkkjr esa fiQYeksa ij euksjatu dj (VSDl) yxk;k x;kµo"kZ 1922
(caxky)
r euksjatu dj ls NwV izkIr djus okyh igyh Hkkjrh; fiQYeµ^>ud&>ud
ik;y ckts* (1956)
r ^,* izek.k i=k (osQoy o;Ldksa osQ fy,) izkIr djus okyh izFke
fiQYeµ^lks'ky bfoy( (1929)
r jtr t;Urh eukus okyh igyh fgUnh fiQYeµ^ve`r eaFku* (1934)
r izFke lokd fiQYe ftlus jtr t;Urh euk;hµ^'kke lqUnj* (1932]
fuekZrkµnknk lkgc rksj.ks] ejkBh)
r Hkkjr ljdkj osQ fiQYe foÙk fuxe osQ lg;ksx ls fu£er igyh
fiQYeµ^Hkqoulkse* (1969)
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa osQ izFke laxhr funsZ'kdµfiQjkst 'kkg feL=kh
(fiQYeµvkye vkjk)
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa osQ izFke xk;dµMCY;w] ,e- [kku (fiQYeµvkye
vkjk)
r fiQYeksa dk izFke xhrµ^ns ns [kqnk osQ uke ij I;kjs rkdr gks xj nsus
dh* (fiQYeµvkye vkjk)
r lokZfèkd xhrksa okyh Hkkjrh; fiQYeµ^bUnzlHkk* (1932] fuekZrk&enku
fFk;sVlZ] xhrksa dh la[;kµ71] xk;dµekLVj fulkj ,oa dTTku)
r Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh xkuk foghu fiQYeµ^ukStoku* (1937] fuekZrkµts-
ch- ,p- ckfM;k)
r og fiQYe ftlesa igyh ckj ik'oZ laxhr (cSdxzkmaM E;wftd) dk
iz;ksx fd;k x;kµp.Mhnkl (caxky&1932)
r og fiQYe ftlosQ fy, igyh ckj flusek iksLVj dk iz;ksx fd;k
Page 4


jk"Vªè;{kksa@'kklukè;{kksa ds
vf/kdkfjd fuokl@dk;Z LFky
Hkou jk"Vªkè;{k@'kklukè;{k LFkku
24 llsDl Mªkbo izèkkuea=kh] dukMk vksVkok
jk"Vªifr Hkou jk"Vªifr] Hkkjr ubZ fnYyh
10 Mkmfuax LVªhV izèkkuea=kh] fczVsu yanu
fDofjuy iSysl jk"Vªifr] bVyh jkse
OgkbV gkml jk"Vªifr] la-jk- vesfjdk okf'kaxVu Mh-lh-
ykWl fiuksl jk"Vªifr] eSfDldks eSfDldksa flVh
vjkl ,u ok'rkjsu jk"Vªifr] vk;jySaM MfCyu
iSysfl;ksa fM yk eksuDyks izèkkuea=kh] Lisu eSfMªM
cfda?ke iSysl egkjkuh] fczVsu yanu
isQMjy pkalylZ vkfiQl pkalyj] teZuh ckWu
eMsZdk iSysl jk"Vªifr] baMksusf'k;k tdkrkZ
,soku&,&lnj jk"Vªifr] ikfdLrku bLykekckn
flag njckj izèkkuea=kh] usiky dkBekaMq
iSysfl;ksa fM csyse jk"Vªifr] iqrZxky fyLcu
n ykt izèkkuea=kh] vkLVsªfy;k oSQucjk
pSV~;w fM ykpsu ujs'k] csfYT;e czqlsYl
Cyw gkml jk"Vªifr] n- dksfj;k flvksy
;wfu;u fcfYMax jk"Vªifr] n- vizQhdk fizVksfj;k
VsEiy Vªht jk"Vªifr dksyacks
(iwoZ esa izèkkuea=kh) Jhyadk
izeq[k ns'kksa ds jk"Vªh; izrhd
ns'k jk"Vªh; izrhd
vkLVªsfy;k cSVy (vkLVªsfy;u ,lkfl;k)
ckaXykns'k oaQcy (ckVj fyyh)
csfYt;e 'ksj
dukMk eSiy iÙkh
fpyh daMksj ,o áqeqy
teZuh bZxy
vk;jySaM gkiZ
bÏk;y oSaQMykczqe
yscuku lhMj o`{k
eaxksfy;k lks;kEcks
uhnjySaM~l 'ksj
U;wthySaM lnuZ Økl] iQuZ] fdch
ukosZ 'ksj
ikfdLrku pesyh dk iwQy
iksySaM bZxy
lwMku lsØsVjh i{kh
lhfj;k 'ksj
rqdhZ pkan&rkjk
l-jk- vesfjdk xksYMsu jkWM
bZjku xqykc dk iwQy
Hkkjr v'kksd pØ
izQkal fyyh
MsuekoZQ chp
bVyh lisQn fyyh
;wukbVsM fdaxMe lisQn fyyh
Lisu bZxy
ftackCos ftackCos i{kh
:l Mcy gsMsM bZxy
jk"Vªh; Qwy
ns'k jk"Vªh; iwQy
eSfDldks ngfy;k
vkLVªsfy;k oSVy
izQkal fyyh
dukMk lisQn fyyh
teZuh dkuZÝykoj
Hkkjr dey dk iwQy
vk;jySaM 'kkejkWd
;wukbVsM fdaxMe xqykc dk iwQy
Lisu dkjus'ku
jk"Vªh; i'kq
ns'k jk"Vªh; i'kq
vkLVªsfy;k daxk:
U;wthySaM fdoh
la-jk- vesfjdk xatk bZxy
dukMk choj
;wukbVsM fdaxMe jkfou jsMczsLV
tkiku vkbfcl
Hkkjr flag
izeq[k ns'kksa ds loksZPp lEeku
lEeku ns'k
ysatk vkiQ vkuj izQkal
vkMZj vkiQ fØlkuFkhee
vkMZj vkiQ ekSyksofu;k lu tkiku
vkMZj vkiQ jkbftax lu
dkaxzsluy esMy vkiQ vkuj la- jk- vesfjdk
n ysatk vkiQ esfjV
esMy iQkj esfjV
izsflMsafl;y esMy vkiQ izQhMe
vkMZj vkiQ n MSuczksx MsuekoZQ
esEcj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j ;wukbVsM fdaxMe
vkfiQlj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
dekaMj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
ukbV@Mse dekaMj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
ukbV@Mse vkiQ n xzSaM Økl
foDVksfj;k Økl
iskj yh esfjV vk;ju Økl teZuh
vkMZj vkiQ n gkml vkiQ vkjsat uhnjysaM~l
fefyVjh vkMZj vkiQ fofy;e
uhnjySaM~l yk;u
Hkkjr jRu
Hkkjr
fu'kku&,&ikfdLrku ikfdLrku
eqckjd vy dchj ind oqQoSr
'kkg vCnqy vtht ind lÅnh vjc
n vkMZj vkiQ lkWu ek£Vu vtsZaVhuk
vkxLVksa lhtj lSf.Muks vkMZj fudkjxqvk
n vkMZj vkiQ cSuj gaxjh
n vkMZj vkiQ n xksYMsu LVkj fo;ruke
izeq[k ns'kksa ds ljdkjh nLrkost
vkjsat cqd uhnjySaM~l ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
;syks cqd izQkalhlh ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
xzhu cqd bVyh ,oa bZjku ljdkj dh fjiksVZ dk izdk'ku
Cyw cqd fczfV'k ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
OgkbV cqd phu] teZuh ,oa iqrZxky ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
xzs cqd csfYt;e ,oa tkiku ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
OgkbV isij Hkkjr dh ljdkjh fjiksVZ] rF;ksa lfgr] tks izdkf'kr dh
tkrh gSA
izeq[k i;kZoj.k ,oa ekuokfèkdkj
laxBu
laxBu eq[;ky; LFkkiuk o"kZ
,D'ku ,M yanu 1972
,eusLVh baVjus'kuy yanu 1961
oSQEisu iQkj U;wfDyvj fMlvkekZesaV yanu 1958
izsaQM~l vkiQ vFkZ ,eLVMZe 1871
xzhuihl ,eLVMZl 1971
gkzweu jkbV~l okp U;w;koZQ 1978
vizQhdk okp
,f'k;k okp
fefMy bZLV okp
vesfjdkt okp
gsyfladh okp
ekbukfjVh jkbV~l xzqi yanu 1965
vkDliQke (vkDliQksMZ desVh vkDliQksMZ 1942
iQkj iSQehu fjyhiQ)
jsM Økl tsusok 1864
lso n fpYMªsu iaQM yanu 1919
ljokboy baVjus'kuy yanu 1969
okysuVjh l£ol vksojlht+ yanu 1958
okj vku okaV yanu 1952
oYMZ datjos'ku ekuhVfjax lsaVj oSQfEczt 1983
oYMZ okbM iaQM iQkj uspj XySaM (fLoV~tjySaM)1961
xksMkyfeax (baXySaM)
izeq[k ns'kksa dh xqIrpj laLFkk,a
ns'k xqIrpj laLFkk,a
la-jk- vesfjdk lsaVªy baVsyhtsal ,tsalh] isQMjy C;wjks vkiQ
buosLVhxs'ku
bÏk;y ekslkn
feÏ eq[kcjkr
tkiku ukbpks
bZjku lkokd
bjkd vy eq[kcjkr
izQkal ,e- Mh- bZ- lh- bZ- (Director General de
Securite Exterieur)
Lisu lh- bZ- ,l- vkbZ- Mh- (Centro Superior de
Information de la Defensa)
D;wck Mh- th- vkbZ- (Director General de
Inteligencia)
phu lsaVªy ,DlVuZy ysatk fMikVZesaV
vkLVªsfy;k vkLVªsfy;u flD;wfjVh ,aM baVsyhtsal vkxsZukbts'ku
teZuh ch- ,u- Mh- (Bundesnachrichtendienst)
:l osQ- th- ch- (dksfersr xkslqnLrosUuksbZ
ostksikLruksLrh)@th- vkj- ;w-
nf{k.k vizQhdk O;wjks vkiQ LVsV flD;wfjVh
dukMk flD;wfjVh baVsyhtsal l£ol
;wukbVsM fdaxMe ,e- vkbZ- (fefyfVª baVsyhtsal)&5 ,oa 6] Lis'ky
czkap] vYVªk] tk;aV baVsyhtsal vkxsZukbts'ku
ikfdLrku baVj l£olst baVsyhtsal (vkbZ- ,l- vkbZ-)
Hkkjr fjlpZ ,aM ,ukfyfll foax (jkW)] baVsyhtsal C;wjks
(vkbZ-ch-)] lsaVªy C;wjks vkWiQ buosfLVxs'ku
(lh-ch-vkbZ-)
Hkkjrh; fQYeksa esa izFke
r izFke fiQYe izn'kZu dk fnukad ,oa LFky&7 tqykbZ] 1896_ okV~lu
gksVy] cEcbZ
r ns'k esa fu£er izFke ejkBh fiQYe&^foyklh bZ'oj* (1935)
r ns'k esa fu£er izFke iatkch fiQYeµ^'khyk*
r izFke fiQYe izn'kZu esa fn[kk;h x;h fiQYesaµ,aVªh vkWiQ fluseSVksxzkiQh*]
^,jkboy vkWiQ , Vªsu*] ^lh ckFk*] ^, fMeksfy'ku*] ^yhfoax n iSQDVjh*
rFkk ^ysMht ,aM lksYtlZ vkWu g~ohYl*
r Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh U;wtjhy&fjlsI'ku fxosu Vq lhfu;j jSaxyj fe-
vkj- ih- ijkatis (1902)
r izFke iw.kZ:is.k Lons'kh fiQYeµjktk gfj'pUnz (1912 esa fu£er ,oa
3 ebZ] 1913 dks izn£'kr)
r izFke Lons'kh fiQYe ^jktk gfj'pUnz* osQ fuekZrk&nknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYe&fuekZ=kh efgyk&iQkfrek csxe (cqycqys ijhLrku]
1926)
r Hkkjr esa cuh igyh lokd fiQYeµ^vkye vkjk* (fuekZrkµvknsZf'kj
bZjkuh] izn£'krµ14 ekpZ] 1932)
r nf{k.k Hkkjr esa cuus okyh igyh fuokZd fiQYeµ^dhpdoèke~*
(fuekZrk&vkj- uVjkt eqnfy;kj)
r Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh vaxzsth (lokd fiQYe) fiQYeµ^uwjtgk¡* (1931)
r izFke ejkBh lokd fiQYeµ^vk;ksè;kpk jktk* (1932] izHkkr fiQYe
dEiuh)
r izFke rfey lokd fiQYeµ^cYyhtosfMax* (1933] fuekZrkµ,l- foUlsV)
r izFke caxyk lokd fiQYeµ^tekbZ "k"Bh* (1931] enku fFk;sVlZ
fy-)
r izFke iatkch lokd fiQYeµ^ghj jk¡>k* (1932] fuekZrkµgdhe jke
izlkn)
r nf{k.k Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh lokd fiQYeµ^JhfuokldY;k.ke~* (1934]
fuekZrkµih- ih- nkl)
r izFke ey;kye lokd fiQYeµ^ckyu* (1938] ekWMuZ fFk;sVlZ fy-)
r fons'kksa esa iz'kalk izkIr djus okyh izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYeµ^izse lU;kl*
(ykbVl vkWiQ ,f'k;k) (1931] fuekZrkµfgeka'kq jk;)
r Hkkjr esa fu£er izFke cgqHkk"kh; fiQYeµ^dksVZ Mkalj* vFkok ^jkt
urZdh* (1942] fuekZrkµts- ch- ,p- ckfM;k] Hkk"kk,a&fgUnh] caxyk
rFkk vaxzsth)
r csful varjkZ"Vªh; fiQYe lekjksg esa iqjLÑr igyh fiQYeµ^lhrk*
(1935] ^lVhZfiQosQV vkWiQ esfjV*)
r dkyksojh varjkZ"Vªh; fiQYe lekjksg esa iqjLÑr igyh fiQYeµ^tkxrs
jgks* (1956)
r izFke Hkkjrh; lokd fiQYeµ^tSerh* (1933)
r jtr t;arh (flYoj tqfcyh) eukus okyh igyh fiQYeµ^diky
oqQ.Myk* (1929] caxyk)
r Hkkjr dk izFke flusek gkWyµ^,yfiQaLVu fiDpj iSysl* (1907]
dydÙkk] fuekZrkµts- ,iQ- enku)
r Lo.kZ t;Urh (xksYMsu tqfcyh) euksu okyh igyh fiQYeµ^rqdkjke*
(1936] ejkBh)
r fons'kh lg;ksx ls fu£er gksus okyh izFke fiQYeµ^lkfo=kh* (1924] ;w-
lh- bVSfy;kuk osQ- jkse- bVyh)
r nf{k.k Hkkjr esa fu£er izFkr fgUnh fiQYeµ^izse lkxj* (1939]
fuekZrkµfunsZ'kd osQ- lqczge.;e)
r izFke ,uhesVsM ,oa dkVwZu fiQYe&^vkWu , ewufyV ukbV* (1934]
fuekZrkµvkj- lh- cksjky)
r fiQYeisQ;j iqjLdkj ls lEekfur izFke fons'khµukft;k glu (ikfdLrku]
ik'oZ laxhr)
r us'kuy fiQYe isQfLVcy esa lEekfur izFke loZJs"B vfHkusrk&mÙke
oqQekj
r ns'k dk igyk okrkuqowQfyr flusek gky&jhxy (cEcbZ)
r jk"Vªh; fiQYe iqjLdkj ls lEekfur igyh fgUnh fiQYe µ fetkZ xkfyc
(1954)
r jk"Vªh; fiQYe iqjLdkj ls lEekfur igyh fganh fiQYeµ^';keph vkbZ*
(ejkBh] 1953)
r izFke jaxhu fiQYeµ^lSj?kzh* (1931] fuekZrkµizHkkr fiQYe osQ)
r Hkkjr dh igyh flus&dyj fiQYeµ^fd'ku dUgS;k*
r flusekLdksi esa cuh ns'k dh igyh fiQYeµ^dkxt osQ iwQy* (1959]
fuekZrkµxq#nÙk)
r 70 ,e- ,e- esa cuh ns'k dh igyh fiQYeµ^'khys*
r flusekLdksi esa cuh ns'k dh igyh jaxhu fiQYeµ^I;kj dh I;kl*
(1961] fuekZrkµegs'k dkSy)
r ns'k esa fu£er igyh VsDuhdyj fiQYeµ^>kalh dh jkuh* (1951]
fuekZrkµosQnkj 'kekZ)
r ns'k esa cuh igyh f=k&v;keh (3&Mh) fiQYeµ^ekbZ fM;j oqQV~VhpR;u*
(1984] ey;kye] ckn esa bls ^NksVk psru* osQ uke ls fgUnh esa Mc
fd;k x;k)
r fgUnh esa fu£er igyh 3&Mh fiQYeµ^f'kok dk balkiQ* (1986)
r ik¡p Hkk"kkvksa esa fiQYeksa dk fuekZ.k djus okys Hkkjrh; fiQYe funsZ'kdµizHkkr
eq[kthZ (Hkk"kk,aµcaxyk] mfM+;k] vleh] de'ehjh rFkk fgUnh)
r fons'k esa izf'kf{kr izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYe rduhf'k;uµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r Hkkjrh; fiQYe txr osQ izFke rduhf'k;uµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r Hkkjr osQ izFke fiQYe forjdµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYe&fuekZrkµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa osQ tud osQ :i esa fo[;kr O;fDrµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r tc Hkkjr esa fiQYeksa ij euksjatu dj (VSDl) yxk;k x;kµo"kZ 1922
(caxky)
r euksjatu dj ls NwV izkIr djus okyh igyh Hkkjrh; fiQYeµ^>ud&>ud
ik;y ckts* (1956)
r ^,* izek.k i=k (osQoy o;Ldksa osQ fy,) izkIr djus okyh izFke
fiQYeµ^lks'ky bfoy( (1929)
r jtr t;Urh eukus okyh igyh fgUnh fiQYeµ^ve`r eaFku* (1934)
r izFke lokd fiQYe ftlus jtr t;Urh euk;hµ^'kke lqUnj* (1932]
fuekZrkµnknk lkgc rksj.ks] ejkBh)
r Hkkjr ljdkj osQ fiQYe foÙk fuxe osQ lg;ksx ls fu£er igyh
fiQYeµ^Hkqoulkse* (1969)
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa osQ izFke laxhr funsZ'kdµfiQjkst 'kkg feL=kh
(fiQYeµvkye vkjk)
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa osQ izFke xk;dµMCY;w] ,e- [kku (fiQYeµvkye
vkjk)
r fiQYeksa dk izFke xhrµ^ns ns [kqnk osQ uke ij I;kjs rkdr gks xj nsus
dh* (fiQYeµvkye vkjk)
r lokZfèkd xhrksa okyh Hkkjrh; fiQYeµ^bUnzlHkk* (1932] fuekZrk&enku
fFk;sVlZ] xhrksa dh la[;kµ71] xk;dµekLVj fulkj ,oa dTTku)
r Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh xkuk foghu fiQYeµ^ukStoku* (1937] fuekZrkµts-
ch- ,p- ckfM;k)
r og fiQYe ftlesa igyh ckj ik'oZ laxhr (cSdxzkmaM E;wftd) dk
iz;ksx fd;k x;kµp.Mhnkl (caxky&1932)
r og fiQYe ftlosQ fy, igyh ckj flusek iksLVj dk iz;ksx fd;k
x;kµ^ek;k cktkj* (1923)
r fiQYe isQ;j iqjLdkj ls lEekfur izFke loZJs"B fiQYeµ^nks ch?kk
tehu*
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa dh igyh efgyk laxhr funsZf'kdkµtíu ckbZ (1935]
fiQYe ryk'k&,&gd) rFkk ljLorh nsoh (fiQYeµ^tokuh dh gok*]
1935)
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa dh igyh efgyk fluseSVksxzkiQjµoh-vkj- fot;y{eh
(1981] fiQYeµ^fp=kk ohMw*] rfey)
r fgUnh fiQYe ftlesa fo[;kr n'kZfud cVªsZ.M jlsy us vfHku; fd;kµ^veu*
r jk"Vªifr osQ Lo.kZ ind ls lEekfur gksus okyh izFke fiQYeµ^';keph
vkbZ* (1953] ejkBh)
r Hkkjr esa cuh nwljh lokd fiQYeµ^'khjh iQjgkn*
r izFke Hkkjrh; vUrjkZ"Vªh; fiQYe lekjksg dk vk;kstu o"kZ ,oa LFkyµ1952]
cEcbZ
r fiQYeisQ;j iqjLdkjksa dh 'kq#vkr dk o"kZµ1953
r vaxzstksa }kjk izfrcfUèkr dh xh; izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYeµ^lSjUèkzh* (1920)
r ckcw jko isaVj dks ^flusek ds'kjh* dh mikfèk iznku djus okys
jktfufrKµyksdekU; fryd
r fiQYeisQ;j iqjLdkj ls lEekfur izFke vfHkus=khµu£xl nÙk
r og o"kZ tc fpUMªsal fiQYe lkslkbVh vkWiQ b.fM;k dh LFkkiuk dh
x;hµ1948
r rhu Hkk"kkvksa dh igyh lokd fiQYesaµvkye vkjk (fgUnh) ^dkfynkl*
(rfey) rFkk ^HkDr izÈkn* (rsyqxq)
r fgUnh osQ fo[;kr lkfgR;dkj eqa'kh izsepUnz }kjk fyf[kr fiQYeh
iVdFkkµ^fey* (1934)
r og fiQYe ftlesa izfl¼ fØosQV f[kykM+h lquhy xkoLdj us vfHku;
fd;kµ^izekph lokyh* (ejkBh)
r fØosQV f[kykM+h lanhi ikfVy] lyhe nqjkZuh ,oa izSaQd ckjsy }kjk
vfHkuhr fiQYeµØe'k% dHkh vtuch Fks] ^pfjrk* ,oa ^,jkbt oYMZ*
(lHkh fgUnh fiQYesa)
r gkWyhoqm dh fiQYeksa esa dke djus okys izFke Hkkjrh;µnLreksj ÅiZQ
lkcw (1937] fiQYeµ^,yhisQ.V ckW;*)
r lEiw.kZ ,f'k;k egk}hi dk lcls cM+k fiQYe LVwfM;ksµfot;k okfguh
LVqfM;ks*] enzkl
r ,d gh flusekx`g esa yxHkx 200 lIrkg rd pyus okyh igyh
fiQYeµ^fdLer*
r flusekx`g esa iwjs o"kZ rd pyus okyh igyh fiQYeµcUèku
r ^Hkkjr jRu* esa lEekfur fiQYe txr osQ izFke ,oa ,dek=k
O;fdRoµlR;thr jk;
dqN {ks=kh; R;kSgkj
1- ljgqyµfcgkj osQ vkfnokfl;ksa }kjk pS=k ekl esa euk;k tkus okyk
g"kksZYykliw.kZ R;kSgkj] ftlesa os vius nsorkvksa dh iwtk djrs gSaA
2- djeµHkknzin ekl esa fcgkj osQ vkfnokfl;ksa }kjk euk;k tkus okyk
ioZ] ftlesa os xk¡o dh [kq'kgkyh osQ fy, fofHkUu vk;kstu djrk gSA ,d
vfookfgr iq#"k taxy ls dje o`{k dh Vguh ykdj ck¡èk esa jksi nsrk gS] ftlosQ
pkjksa vksj ukp] xkuk gksrk gS vkSj pkoy dh cuh 'kjkc ih tkrh gSA
3- dkuhZokyµxksok esa ekpZ&vizSy esa jkse oSQFkksfudksa }kjk euk;k tkus
okyk rhu fnolh; g"kksZYykliw.kZ R;kSgkj] ftlesa os ukprs] xkrs] jaxhu oL=k
igurs vkSj [kqf'k;ka eukrs gSA
4- caxkyh uoo"kZµcaxky esa 14 vizSy dks uo o"kZ dk R;kSgkj euk;k
tkrk gS] ftlesa yksx ukprs] xkrs] tqywl fudkyrs rFkk ufn;ksa ;k rkykcksa esa
ifo=k Luku djrs gSaA
5- mxknhµdukZVd esa pS=k ekl esa euk;k tkus okyk uoo"kZ ioZA
6- uojksgµd'ehj esa pS=k ekl osQ 'kqDy i{k osQ izFke fnu euk;k tkus
okyk uoo"kZ ioZA
7- xqMh ioZµegkjk"Vª esa pS=k ekl esa euk;k tkus okyk uoo"kZ o"kZA
8- jFk;k=kkµmM+hlk esa iqjh esa vk"kk<+ ekl esa txUukFk eafnj ls Hkxoku
txUukFk] cyHknz vkSj lqHknzk dh izfrekvksa dks fo'ks"k :i ls cuk;s x;s jFk
esa j[k dj xaqfMpk eafnj rd ys tkus gsrq fudkyh xbZ tqywluqek ;k=kk] ftuesa
yk[kksa yksx J¼kiwoZd Hkkx ysrs gSaA
9- iq"dj esykµjktLFkku esa vtesj ls 11 fd-eh- nwj fLFkr iq"dj fLFkr
,d >hy osQ fdukjs dk£rd esa yxus okyk ,d esyk] ftlesa i'kqvksa dh cM+s
iSekus ij [kjhn&fcØh gksrh gSA
Hkkjrh; ijek.kq ÅtkZ dk;ZØe dk
lQjukek
r 12 ekpZ] 1944 % Mk- gkseh tgkaxhj HkkHkk us lj nksjkc VkVk VªlV ls
ijek.kfod vuqlaèkku 'kq: djus osQ fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk gsrq i=k fy[kkA
r 19 fnlacj] 1945 % cacbZ esa VkVk baLVhV~;wV vkiQ iaQMkesaVy fjlpZ dh
LFkkiuk A
r 15 vizSy] 1948 % laln }kjk ijek.kq ÅtkZ vfèkfu;e ikfjr
r 10 vxLr] 1948 % osaQnz ljdkj }kjk ijek.kq ÅtkZ vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk
A
r 18 vxLr] 1950 % ijek.kq ÅtkZ vk;ksx }kjk bafM;u jsvj vFk~Zl
fyfeVsM dh LFkkiuk A
r 3 tuojh] 1954 % ijek.kq vk;ksx }kjk ijek.kq ÅtkZ izfr"Bku dh
LFkkiuk dk fu.kZ;A
r 3 vxLr] 1954 % osQUnz ljdkj osQ ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx dh LFkkiukA
r 1 vxLr] 1955 % VªkEcs osQ Fkksfj;e la;a=k esa mRiknu 'kq:A
r 4 vxLr] 1956 % ns'k osQ izFke ijek.kq vuqlaèkku fj,DVj ^vIljk*
dh LFkkiukA
r 20 tuojh] 1957 % izèkkuea=kh tokgj yky usg: }kjk ijek.kq ÅtkZ
izfr"Bku dk mn~?kkVuA
r 10 tqykbZ] 1960 % vuqlaèkku fj,DVj ^lkbjl* dh LFkkiukA
r 14 tuojh] 1961 % vuqlaèkku fj,DVj ^tjyhuk* dh LFkkiukA
r 27 ekpZ] 1961 % VªkEcs esa IywVksfu;e IykaV dk fuekZ.k izkjaHkA
r 1963 % rkjkiqj ijek.kq fo|qr ?kj osQ fuekZ.k gsrq Hkkjr ,oa la-jk-
vesfjdk esa le>kSrkA
r 17 flracj] 1963 % jktLFkku ijek.kq fo|qr ?kj dh LFkkiuk gsrq Hkkjr
,oa dukMk esa le>kSrkA
r 22 flrEcj] 1965 % izèkkuea=kh yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh }kjk VªkEcs (cacbZ)
esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ izfr"Bku dk mn~?kkVuA
Page 5


jk"Vªè;{kksa@'kklukè;{kksa ds
vf/kdkfjd fuokl@dk;Z LFky
Hkou jk"Vªkè;{k@'kklukè;{k LFkku
24 llsDl Mªkbo izèkkuea=kh] dukMk vksVkok
jk"Vªifr Hkou jk"Vªifr] Hkkjr ubZ fnYyh
10 Mkmfuax LVªhV izèkkuea=kh] fczVsu yanu
fDofjuy iSysl jk"Vªifr] bVyh jkse
OgkbV gkml jk"Vªifr] la-jk- vesfjdk okf'kaxVu Mh-lh-
ykWl fiuksl jk"Vªifr] eSfDldks eSfDldksa flVh
vjkl ,u ok'rkjsu jk"Vªifr] vk;jySaM MfCyu
iSysfl;ksa fM yk eksuDyks izèkkuea=kh] Lisu eSfMªM
cfda?ke iSysl egkjkuh] fczVsu yanu
isQMjy pkalylZ vkfiQl pkalyj] teZuh ckWu
eMsZdk iSysl jk"Vªifr] baMksusf'k;k tdkrkZ
,soku&,&lnj jk"Vªifr] ikfdLrku bLykekckn
flag njckj izèkkuea=kh] usiky dkBekaMq
iSysfl;ksa fM csyse jk"Vªifr] iqrZxky fyLcu
n ykt izèkkuea=kh] vkLVsªfy;k oSQucjk
pSV~;w fM ykpsu ujs'k] csfYT;e czqlsYl
Cyw gkml jk"Vªifr] n- dksfj;k flvksy
;wfu;u fcfYMax jk"Vªifr] n- vizQhdk fizVksfj;k
VsEiy Vªht jk"Vªifr dksyacks
(iwoZ esa izèkkuea=kh) Jhyadk
izeq[k ns'kksa ds jk"Vªh; izrhd
ns'k jk"Vªh; izrhd
vkLVªsfy;k cSVy (vkLVªsfy;u ,lkfl;k)
ckaXykns'k oaQcy (ckVj fyyh)
csfYt;e 'ksj
dukMk eSiy iÙkh
fpyh daMksj ,o áqeqy
teZuh bZxy
vk;jySaM gkiZ
bÏk;y oSaQMykczqe
yscuku lhMj o`{k
eaxksfy;k lks;kEcks
uhnjySaM~l 'ksj
U;wthySaM lnuZ Økl] iQuZ] fdch
ukosZ 'ksj
ikfdLrku pesyh dk iwQy
iksySaM bZxy
lwMku lsØsVjh i{kh
lhfj;k 'ksj
rqdhZ pkan&rkjk
l-jk- vesfjdk xksYMsu jkWM
bZjku xqykc dk iwQy
Hkkjr v'kksd pØ
izQkal fyyh
MsuekoZQ chp
bVyh lisQn fyyh
;wukbVsM fdaxMe lisQn fyyh
Lisu bZxy
ftackCos ftackCos i{kh
:l Mcy gsMsM bZxy
jk"Vªh; Qwy
ns'k jk"Vªh; iwQy
eSfDldks ngfy;k
vkLVªsfy;k oSVy
izQkal fyyh
dukMk lisQn fyyh
teZuh dkuZÝykoj
Hkkjr dey dk iwQy
vk;jySaM 'kkejkWd
;wukbVsM fdaxMe xqykc dk iwQy
Lisu dkjus'ku
jk"Vªh; i'kq
ns'k jk"Vªh; i'kq
vkLVªsfy;k daxk:
U;wthySaM fdoh
la-jk- vesfjdk xatk bZxy
dukMk choj
;wukbVsM fdaxMe jkfou jsMczsLV
tkiku vkbfcl
Hkkjr flag
izeq[k ns'kksa ds loksZPp lEeku
lEeku ns'k
ysatk vkiQ vkuj izQkal
vkMZj vkiQ fØlkuFkhee
vkMZj vkiQ ekSyksofu;k lu tkiku
vkMZj vkiQ jkbftax lu
dkaxzsluy esMy vkiQ vkuj la- jk- vesfjdk
n ysatk vkiQ esfjV
esMy iQkj esfjV
izsflMsafl;y esMy vkiQ izQhMe
vkMZj vkiQ n MSuczksx MsuekoZQ
esEcj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j ;wukbVsM fdaxMe
vkfiQlj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
dekaMj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
ukbV@Mse dekaMj vkiQ fczfV'k ,Eik;j
ukbV@Mse vkiQ n xzSaM Økl
foDVksfj;k Økl
iskj yh esfjV vk;ju Økl teZuh
vkMZj vkiQ n gkml vkiQ vkjsat uhnjysaM~l
fefyVjh vkMZj vkiQ fofy;e
uhnjySaM~l yk;u
Hkkjr jRu
Hkkjr
fu'kku&,&ikfdLrku ikfdLrku
eqckjd vy dchj ind oqQoSr
'kkg vCnqy vtht ind lÅnh vjc
n vkMZj vkiQ lkWu ek£Vu vtsZaVhuk
vkxLVksa lhtj lSf.Muks vkMZj fudkjxqvk
n vkMZj vkiQ cSuj gaxjh
n vkMZj vkiQ n xksYMsu LVkj fo;ruke
izeq[k ns'kksa ds ljdkjh nLrkost
vkjsat cqd uhnjySaM~l ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
;syks cqd izQkalhlh ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
xzhu cqd bVyh ,oa bZjku ljdkj dh fjiksVZ dk izdk'ku
Cyw cqd fczfV'k ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
OgkbV cqd phu] teZuh ,oa iqrZxky ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
xzs cqd csfYt;e ,oa tkiku ljdkj dh fjiksVZ ;k izdk'ku
OgkbV isij Hkkjr dh ljdkjh fjiksVZ] rF;ksa lfgr] tks izdkf'kr dh
tkrh gSA
izeq[k i;kZoj.k ,oa ekuokfèkdkj
laxBu
laxBu eq[;ky; LFkkiuk o"kZ
,D'ku ,M yanu 1972
,eusLVh baVjus'kuy yanu 1961
oSQEisu iQkj U;wfDyvj fMlvkekZesaV yanu 1958
izsaQM~l vkiQ vFkZ ,eLVMZe 1871
xzhuihl ,eLVMZl 1971
gkzweu jkbV~l okp U;w;koZQ 1978
vizQhdk okp
,f'k;k okp
fefMy bZLV okp
vesfjdkt okp
gsyfladh okp
ekbukfjVh jkbV~l xzqi yanu 1965
vkDliQke (vkDliQksMZ desVh vkDliQksMZ 1942
iQkj iSQehu fjyhiQ)
jsM Økl tsusok 1864
lso n fpYMªsu iaQM yanu 1919
ljokboy baVjus'kuy yanu 1969
okysuVjh l£ol vksojlht+ yanu 1958
okj vku okaV yanu 1952
oYMZ datjos'ku ekuhVfjax lsaVj oSQfEczt 1983
oYMZ okbM iaQM iQkj uspj XySaM (fLoV~tjySaM)1961
xksMkyfeax (baXySaM)
izeq[k ns'kksa dh xqIrpj laLFkk,a
ns'k xqIrpj laLFkk,a
la-jk- vesfjdk lsaVªy baVsyhtsal ,tsalh] isQMjy C;wjks vkiQ
buosLVhxs'ku
bÏk;y ekslkn
feÏ eq[kcjkr
tkiku ukbpks
bZjku lkokd
bjkd vy eq[kcjkr
izQkal ,e- Mh- bZ- lh- bZ- (Director General de
Securite Exterieur)
Lisu lh- bZ- ,l- vkbZ- Mh- (Centro Superior de
Information de la Defensa)
D;wck Mh- th- vkbZ- (Director General de
Inteligencia)
phu lsaVªy ,DlVuZy ysatk fMikVZesaV
vkLVªsfy;k vkLVªsfy;u flD;wfjVh ,aM baVsyhtsal vkxsZukbts'ku
teZuh ch- ,u- Mh- (Bundesnachrichtendienst)
:l osQ- th- ch- (dksfersr xkslqnLrosUuksbZ
ostksikLruksLrh)@th- vkj- ;w-
nf{k.k vizQhdk O;wjks vkiQ LVsV flD;wfjVh
dukMk flD;wfjVh baVsyhtsal l£ol
;wukbVsM fdaxMe ,e- vkbZ- (fefyfVª baVsyhtsal)&5 ,oa 6] Lis'ky
czkap] vYVªk] tk;aV baVsyhtsal vkxsZukbts'ku
ikfdLrku baVj l£olst baVsyhtsal (vkbZ- ,l- vkbZ-)
Hkkjr fjlpZ ,aM ,ukfyfll foax (jkW)] baVsyhtsal C;wjks
(vkbZ-ch-)] lsaVªy C;wjks vkWiQ buosfLVxs'ku
(lh-ch-vkbZ-)
Hkkjrh; fQYeksa esa izFke
r izFke fiQYe izn'kZu dk fnukad ,oa LFky&7 tqykbZ] 1896_ okV~lu
gksVy] cEcbZ
r ns'k esa fu£er izFke ejkBh fiQYe&^foyklh bZ'oj* (1935)
r ns'k esa fu£er izFke iatkch fiQYeµ^'khyk*
r izFke fiQYe izn'kZu esa fn[kk;h x;h fiQYesaµ,aVªh vkWiQ fluseSVksxzkiQh*]
^,jkboy vkWiQ , Vªsu*] ^lh ckFk*] ^, fMeksfy'ku*] ^yhfoax n iSQDVjh*
rFkk ^ysMht ,aM lksYtlZ vkWu g~ohYl*
r Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh U;wtjhy&fjlsI'ku fxosu Vq lhfu;j jSaxyj fe-
vkj- ih- ijkatis (1902)
r izFke iw.kZ:is.k Lons'kh fiQYeµjktk gfj'pUnz (1912 esa fu£er ,oa
3 ebZ] 1913 dks izn£'kr)
r izFke Lons'kh fiQYe ^jktk gfj'pUnz* osQ fuekZrk&nknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYe&fuekZ=kh efgyk&iQkfrek csxe (cqycqys ijhLrku]
1926)
r Hkkjr esa cuh igyh lokd fiQYeµ^vkye vkjk* (fuekZrkµvknsZf'kj
bZjkuh] izn£'krµ14 ekpZ] 1932)
r nf{k.k Hkkjr esa cuus okyh igyh fuokZd fiQYeµ^dhpdoèke~*
(fuekZrk&vkj- uVjkt eqnfy;kj)
r Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh vaxzsth (lokd fiQYe) fiQYeµ^uwjtgk¡* (1931)
r izFke ejkBh lokd fiQYeµ^vk;ksè;kpk jktk* (1932] izHkkr fiQYe
dEiuh)
r izFke rfey lokd fiQYeµ^cYyhtosfMax* (1933] fuekZrkµ,l- foUlsV)
r izFke caxyk lokd fiQYeµ^tekbZ "k"Bh* (1931] enku fFk;sVlZ
fy-)
r izFke iatkch lokd fiQYeµ^ghj jk¡>k* (1932] fuekZrkµgdhe jke
izlkn)
r nf{k.k Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh lokd fiQYeµ^JhfuokldY;k.ke~* (1934]
fuekZrkµih- ih- nkl)
r izFke ey;kye lokd fiQYeµ^ckyu* (1938] ekWMuZ fFk;sVlZ fy-)
r fons'kksa esa iz'kalk izkIr djus okyh izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYeµ^izse lU;kl*
(ykbVl vkWiQ ,f'k;k) (1931] fuekZrkµfgeka'kq jk;)
r Hkkjr esa fu£er izFke cgqHkk"kh; fiQYeµ^dksVZ Mkalj* vFkok ^jkt
urZdh* (1942] fuekZrkµts- ch- ,p- ckfM;k] Hkk"kk,a&fgUnh] caxyk
rFkk vaxzsth)
r csful varjkZ"Vªh; fiQYe lekjksg esa iqjLÑr igyh fiQYeµ^lhrk*
(1935] ^lVhZfiQosQV vkWiQ esfjV*)
r dkyksojh varjkZ"Vªh; fiQYe lekjksg esa iqjLÑr igyh fiQYeµ^tkxrs
jgks* (1956)
r izFke Hkkjrh; lokd fiQYeµ^tSerh* (1933)
r jtr t;arh (flYoj tqfcyh) eukus okyh igyh fiQYeµ^diky
oqQ.Myk* (1929] caxyk)
r Hkkjr dk izFke flusek gkWyµ^,yfiQaLVu fiDpj iSysl* (1907]
dydÙkk] fuekZrkµts- ,iQ- enku)
r Lo.kZ t;Urh (xksYMsu tqfcyh) euksu okyh igyh fiQYeµ^rqdkjke*
(1936] ejkBh)
r fons'kh lg;ksx ls fu£er gksus okyh izFke fiQYeµ^lkfo=kh* (1924] ;w-
lh- bVSfy;kuk osQ- jkse- bVyh)
r nf{k.k Hkkjr esa fu£er izFkr fgUnh fiQYeµ^izse lkxj* (1939]
fuekZrkµfunsZ'kd osQ- lqczge.;e)
r izFke ,uhesVsM ,oa dkVwZu fiQYe&^vkWu , ewufyV ukbV* (1934]
fuekZrkµvkj- lh- cksjky)
r fiQYeisQ;j iqjLdkj ls lEekfur izFke fons'khµukft;k glu (ikfdLrku]
ik'oZ laxhr)
r us'kuy fiQYe isQfLVcy esa lEekfur izFke loZJs"B vfHkusrk&mÙke
oqQekj
r ns'k dk igyk okrkuqowQfyr flusek gky&jhxy (cEcbZ)
r jk"Vªh; fiQYe iqjLdkj ls lEekfur igyh fgUnh fiQYe µ fetkZ xkfyc
(1954)
r jk"Vªh; fiQYe iqjLdkj ls lEekfur igyh fganh fiQYeµ^';keph vkbZ*
(ejkBh] 1953)
r izFke jaxhu fiQYeµ^lSj?kzh* (1931] fuekZrkµizHkkr fiQYe osQ)
r Hkkjr dh igyh flus&dyj fiQYeµ^fd'ku dUgS;k*
r flusekLdksi esa cuh ns'k dh igyh fiQYeµ^dkxt osQ iwQy* (1959]
fuekZrkµxq#nÙk)
r 70 ,e- ,e- esa cuh ns'k dh igyh fiQYeµ^'khys*
r flusekLdksi esa cuh ns'k dh igyh jaxhu fiQYeµ^I;kj dh I;kl*
(1961] fuekZrkµegs'k dkSy)
r ns'k esa fu£er igyh VsDuhdyj fiQYeµ^>kalh dh jkuh* (1951]
fuekZrkµosQnkj 'kekZ)
r ns'k esa cuh igyh f=k&v;keh (3&Mh) fiQYeµ^ekbZ fM;j oqQV~VhpR;u*
(1984] ey;kye] ckn esa bls ^NksVk psru* osQ uke ls fgUnh esa Mc
fd;k x;k)
r fgUnh esa fu£er igyh 3&Mh fiQYeµ^f'kok dk balkiQ* (1986)
r ik¡p Hkk"kkvksa esa fiQYeksa dk fuekZ.k djus okys Hkkjrh; fiQYe funsZ'kdµizHkkr
eq[kthZ (Hkk"kk,aµcaxyk] mfM+;k] vleh] de'ehjh rFkk fgUnh)
r fons'k esa izf'kf{kr izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYe rduhf'k;uµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r Hkkjrh; fiQYe txr osQ izFke rduhf'k;uµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r Hkkjr osQ izFke fiQYe forjdµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYe&fuekZrkµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa osQ tud osQ :i esa fo[;kr O;fDrµnknk lkgc iQkYosQ
r tc Hkkjr esa fiQYeksa ij euksjatu dj (VSDl) yxk;k x;kµo"kZ 1922
(caxky)
r euksjatu dj ls NwV izkIr djus okyh igyh Hkkjrh; fiQYeµ^>ud&>ud
ik;y ckts* (1956)
r ^,* izek.k i=k (osQoy o;Ldksa osQ fy,) izkIr djus okyh izFke
fiQYeµ^lks'ky bfoy( (1929)
r jtr t;Urh eukus okyh igyh fgUnh fiQYeµ^ve`r eaFku* (1934)
r izFke lokd fiQYe ftlus jtr t;Urh euk;hµ^'kke lqUnj* (1932]
fuekZrkµnknk lkgc rksj.ks] ejkBh)
r Hkkjr ljdkj osQ fiQYe foÙk fuxe osQ lg;ksx ls fu£er igyh
fiQYeµ^Hkqoulkse* (1969)
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa osQ izFke laxhr funsZ'kdµfiQjkst 'kkg feL=kh
(fiQYeµvkye vkjk)
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa osQ izFke xk;dµMCY;w] ,e- [kku (fiQYeµvkye
vkjk)
r fiQYeksa dk izFke xhrµ^ns ns [kqnk osQ uke ij I;kjs rkdr gks xj nsus
dh* (fiQYeµvkye vkjk)
r lokZfèkd xhrksa okyh Hkkjrh; fiQYeµ^bUnzlHkk* (1932] fuekZrk&enku
fFk;sVlZ] xhrksa dh la[;kµ71] xk;dµekLVj fulkj ,oa dTTku)
r Hkkjr esa fu£er igyh xkuk foghu fiQYeµ^ukStoku* (1937] fuekZrkµts-
ch- ,p- ckfM;k)
r og fiQYe ftlesa igyh ckj ik'oZ laxhr (cSdxzkmaM E;wftd) dk
iz;ksx fd;k x;kµp.Mhnkl (caxky&1932)
r og fiQYe ftlosQ fy, igyh ckj flusek iksLVj dk iz;ksx fd;k
x;kµ^ek;k cktkj* (1923)
r fiQYe isQ;j iqjLdkj ls lEekfur izFke loZJs"B fiQYeµ^nks ch?kk
tehu*
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa dh igyh efgyk laxhr funsZf'kdkµtíu ckbZ (1935]
fiQYe ryk'k&,&gd) rFkk ljLorh nsoh (fiQYeµ^tokuh dh gok*]
1935)
r Hkkjrh; fiQYeksa dh igyh efgyk fluseSVksxzkiQjµoh-vkj- fot;y{eh
(1981] fiQYeµ^fp=kk ohMw*] rfey)
r fgUnh fiQYe ftlesa fo[;kr n'kZfud cVªsZ.M jlsy us vfHku; fd;kµ^veu*
r jk"Vªifr osQ Lo.kZ ind ls lEekfur gksus okyh izFke fiQYeµ^';keph
vkbZ* (1953] ejkBh)
r Hkkjr esa cuh nwljh lokd fiQYeµ^'khjh iQjgkn*
r izFke Hkkjrh; vUrjkZ"Vªh; fiQYe lekjksg dk vk;kstu o"kZ ,oa LFkyµ1952]
cEcbZ
r fiQYeisQ;j iqjLdkjksa dh 'kq#vkr dk o"kZµ1953
r vaxzstksa }kjk izfrcfUèkr dh xh; izFke Hkkjrh; fiQYeµ^lSjUèkzh* (1920)
r ckcw jko isaVj dks ^flusek ds'kjh* dh mikfèk iznku djus okys
jktfufrKµyksdekU; fryd
r fiQYeisQ;j iqjLdkj ls lEekfur izFke vfHkus=khµu£xl nÙk
r og o"kZ tc fpUMªsal fiQYe lkslkbVh vkWiQ b.fM;k dh LFkkiuk dh
x;hµ1948
r rhu Hkk"kkvksa dh igyh lokd fiQYesaµvkye vkjk (fgUnh) ^dkfynkl*
(rfey) rFkk ^HkDr izÈkn* (rsyqxq)
r fgUnh osQ fo[;kr lkfgR;dkj eqa'kh izsepUnz }kjk fyf[kr fiQYeh
iVdFkkµ^fey* (1934)
r og fiQYe ftlesa izfl¼ fØosQV f[kykM+h lquhy xkoLdj us vfHku;
fd;kµ^izekph lokyh* (ejkBh)
r fØosQV f[kykM+h lanhi ikfVy] lyhe nqjkZuh ,oa izSaQd ckjsy }kjk
vfHkuhr fiQYeµØe'k% dHkh vtuch Fks] ^pfjrk* ,oa ^,jkbt oYMZ*
(lHkh fgUnh fiQYesa)
r gkWyhoqm dh fiQYeksa esa dke djus okys izFke Hkkjrh;µnLreksj ÅiZQ
lkcw (1937] fiQYeµ^,yhisQ.V ckW;*)
r lEiw.kZ ,f'k;k egk}hi dk lcls cM+k fiQYe LVwfM;ksµfot;k okfguh
LVqfM;ks*] enzkl
r ,d gh flusekx`g esa yxHkx 200 lIrkg rd pyus okyh igyh
fiQYeµ^fdLer*
r flusekx`g esa iwjs o"kZ rd pyus okyh igyh fiQYeµcUèku
r ^Hkkjr jRu* esa lEekfur fiQYe txr osQ izFke ,oa ,dek=k
O;fdRoµlR;thr jk;
dqN {ks=kh; R;kSgkj
1- ljgqyµfcgkj osQ vkfnokfl;ksa }kjk pS=k ekl esa euk;k tkus okyk
g"kksZYykliw.kZ R;kSgkj] ftlesa os vius nsorkvksa dh iwtk djrs gSaA
2- djeµHkknzin ekl esa fcgkj osQ vkfnokfl;ksa }kjk euk;k tkus okyk
ioZ] ftlesa os xk¡o dh [kq'kgkyh osQ fy, fofHkUu vk;kstu djrk gSA ,d
vfookfgr iq#"k taxy ls dje o`{k dh Vguh ykdj ck¡èk esa jksi nsrk gS] ftlosQ
pkjksa vksj ukp] xkuk gksrk gS vkSj pkoy dh cuh 'kjkc ih tkrh gSA
3- dkuhZokyµxksok esa ekpZ&vizSy esa jkse oSQFkksfudksa }kjk euk;k tkus
okyk rhu fnolh; g"kksZYykliw.kZ R;kSgkj] ftlesa os ukprs] xkrs] jaxhu oL=k
igurs vkSj [kqf'k;ka eukrs gSA
4- caxkyh uoo"kZµcaxky esa 14 vizSy dks uo o"kZ dk R;kSgkj euk;k
tkrk gS] ftlesa yksx ukprs] xkrs] tqywl fudkyrs rFkk ufn;ksa ;k rkykcksa esa
ifo=k Luku djrs gSaA
5- mxknhµdukZVd esa pS=k ekl esa euk;k tkus okyk uoo"kZ ioZA
6- uojksgµd'ehj esa pS=k ekl osQ 'kqDy i{k osQ izFke fnu euk;k tkus
okyk uoo"kZ ioZA
7- xqMh ioZµegkjk"Vª esa pS=k ekl esa euk;k tkus okyk uoo"kZ o"kZA
8- jFk;k=kkµmM+hlk esa iqjh esa vk"kk<+ ekl esa txUukFk eafnj ls Hkxoku
txUukFk] cyHknz vkSj lqHknzk dh izfrekvksa dks fo'ks"k :i ls cuk;s x;s jFk
esa j[k dj xaqfMpk eafnj rd ys tkus gsrq fudkyh xbZ tqywluqek ;k=kk] ftuesa
yk[kksa yksx J¼kiwoZd Hkkx ysrs gSaA
9- iq"dj esykµjktLFkku esa vtesj ls 11 fd-eh- nwj fLFkr iq"dj fLFkr
,d >hy osQ fdukjs dk£rd esa yxus okyk ,d esyk] ftlesa i'kqvksa dh cM+s
iSekus ij [kjhn&fcØh gksrh gSA
Hkkjrh; ijek.kq ÅtkZ dk;ZØe dk
lQjukek
r 12 ekpZ] 1944 % Mk- gkseh tgkaxhj HkkHkk us lj nksjkc VkVk VªlV ls
ijek.kfod vuqlaèkku 'kq: djus osQ fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk gsrq i=k fy[kkA
r 19 fnlacj] 1945 % cacbZ esa VkVk baLVhV~;wV vkiQ iaQMkesaVy fjlpZ dh
LFkkiuk A
r 15 vizSy] 1948 % laln }kjk ijek.kq ÅtkZ vfèkfu;e ikfjr
r 10 vxLr] 1948 % osaQnz ljdkj }kjk ijek.kq ÅtkZ vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk
A
r 18 vxLr] 1950 % ijek.kq ÅtkZ vk;ksx }kjk bafM;u jsvj vFk~Zl
fyfeVsM dh LFkkiuk A
r 3 tuojh] 1954 % ijek.kq vk;ksx }kjk ijek.kq ÅtkZ izfr"Bku dh
LFkkiuk dk fu.kZ;A
r 3 vxLr] 1954 % osQUnz ljdkj osQ ijek.kq ÅtkZ foHkkx dh LFkkiukA
r 1 vxLr] 1955 % VªkEcs osQ Fkksfj;e la;a=k esa mRiknu 'kq:A
r 4 vxLr] 1956 % ns'k osQ izFke ijek.kq vuqlaèkku fj,DVj ^vIljk*
dh LFkkiukA
r 20 tuojh] 1957 % izèkkuea=kh tokgj yky usg: }kjk ijek.kq ÅtkZ
izfr"Bku dk mn~?kkVuA
r 10 tqykbZ] 1960 % vuqlaèkku fj,DVj ^lkbjl* dh LFkkiukA
r 14 tuojh] 1961 % vuqlaèkku fj,DVj ^tjyhuk* dh LFkkiukA
r 27 ekpZ] 1961 % VªkEcs esa IywVksfu;e IykaV dk fuekZ.k izkjaHkA
r 1963 % rkjkiqj ijek.kq fo|qr ?kj osQ fuekZ.k gsrq Hkkjr ,oa la-jk-
vesfjdk esa le>kSrkA
r 17 flracj] 1963 % jktLFkku ijek.kq fo|qr ?kj dh LFkkiuk gsrq Hkkjr
,oa dukMk esa le>kSrkA
r 22 flrEcj] 1965 % izèkkuea=kh yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh }kjk VªkEcs (cacbZ)
esa ijek.kq ÅtkZ izfr"Bku dk mn~?kkVuA
r fnlacj] 1972 % jktLFkku ijek.kq fo|qr ?kj dh izFke ;wfuV esa fo|qr
mRiknu 'kq:A
r 18 ebZ] 1974 % jktLFkku osQ tSlyesj ftys osQ iks[kju uked LFkku
ij 'kkafriw.kZ dk;ksZa osQ fy, ijek.kq foLiQksVA
r 18 uoEcj] 1979 % IywVksfu;e&;wjsfu;e fefJr vkDlkbM osQ fuekZ.k
esa liQyrkA
r 10 ebZ] 1980 % vuqlaèkku fj,DVj ^iw£.kek&II* pkywA ^iw£.kek&II*
;wjsfu;e&233 dks iz;ksx djus okyk igyk fj,DVj cukA
r 19 uoacj] 1982 % rkjkiqj esa ;wjsfu;e vkDlkbM bZaèku osQ iqu#RFkku
esa liQyrkA
r 27 tuojh] 1984 % iw.kZr% Hkkjr esa fMtkbu fd;k x;k] fodflr ,oa
fu£er enzkl ijek.kq fo|qr ?kj dh igyh ;wfuV }kjk O;kolkf;d fo|qr
mRiknu&'kq:A
r iQjojh] 1984 % bankSj esa mPp izkS|ksfxdh osQUnz dh LFkkiukA
r 8 ekpZ] 1984 % VªkEcs esa iQkLV czhMj fj,DVj gsrq IywVksfu;e fefJr
dkckZbM cukus esa liQyrkA
r 10 ebZ] 1984 % iw£.kek&III* ;wjsfu;e&233 Ý;wy fj,DVj dh LFkkiukA
r vDVwcj] 1984 % U;wfDy;j ikoj cksMZ dh LFkkiuk gsrq fu.kZ;A
r 8 vxLr 1985 % vuqlaèkku fj,DVj ^èkzqo* dh LFkkiukA ;wjsfu;e bZaèku
osQ :i esa ,oa ty eand osQ :i esa bLrseky djus okyk fo'o dk lcls
cM+k fj,DVjA
r 18 vDVwcj] 1985 % dyiDde esa ikLV chtj VsLV fj,DVj&lfØ;
gqvkA
r 16 fnlEcj] 1985 % dyiDde esa bafnjk xkaèkh ijek.kq vuqlaèkku osaQnz
dh LFkkiukA
r 28 vDVwcj] 1986 % Fkky la;a=k (egkjk"Vª) esa Hkkjh ty dk mRiknu
'kq:A
r 26 uoacj] 1986 % izèkkuea=kh jktho xkaèkh }kjk gSnjkckn esa ysosYM
vk;ks eksyhD;wyj yscksjsVjh dk mn~?kkVuA
r 17 flrEcj] 1987 % U;wfDy;j ikoj dkjiksjs'ku vkiQ bafM;k }kjk dk;Z
djuk 'kq:A
r 1 tuojh] 1991 % dkdjkikj ijek.kq fo|qr ?kj dh izFke ;wfuV }kjk
O;kolkf;d Lrj ij fo|qr mRiknu 'kq:A
r ekpZ] 1995 % dkdjkikj ijek.kq fo|qr ?kj dh f}rh; ;wfuV }kjk
O;kolkf;d fo|qr mRiknu 'kq:A
r 29 vDVwcj] 1996 % Fkksfj;e ls fudkys x;s ;wjsfu;e&233 dks bZaèku
osQ :i esa iz;ksx djus okyk fj,DVj dkfeuh ØkfUrd cukA ,f'k;k esa
bl izdkj dk ;g igyk fj,DVj gSA
r 1997 % rfeyukMq esa iQkLV czhMj fj,Dvj dk fodkl lEiUuA
r 1998 % iks[kj.k esa 11 ,oa 13 ebZ dks 'kkafriw.kZ ikap J`a[kykc¼ Hkwfexr
ijek.kq&ijh{k.k lEiUuA
r 1999 % HkkHkk ijek.kq vuqlUèkku osQUnz esa ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ la;U=kksa osQ
vif'k"Vksa osQ Bksl :i esa lap; dh lqfoèkk dk izkjEHk fd;k x;kA
r flrEcj] 1999 % esa oSaQxk (dukZVd) ijek.kq fo|qr x`g 2(420MW)
dks pkyw fd;k x;kA
r 13 iQjojh] 2002 % :l }kjk Hkkjr dks nks mUur ijek.kq fj,DVj rFkk
fctyh mRiknu djus okys midj.kksa dh vkiw£r lEcUèkh le>kSrkA
r 2003 % Hkkjrh; ukfHkdh; fo|qr fuxe (Hkkouh) ds dk;ks± gsrq LFkkiuk
vDVwcj 2003 esa dh xbZ gSA
r 2006 % ijek.kq mQpkZ 2006 esa 17 vjc 8 djksM+ #i, ;wfuV gks x;k
gSA 1981&82 esa ;g rhu vjc FkkA
r 12 tuojh] 1967 % izèkkuea=kh Jherh bafnjk xkaèkh us ijek.kq ÅtkZ
izfr"Bku dk uke ifjorZu dj HkkHkk ijek.kq vuqlaèkku osaQnz j[kkA
r 4 vDVwcj] 1967 % ;wjsfu;e dkjiksjs'ku vkiQ bafM;k fyfeVsM dh
LFkkiukA
r vDVwcj] 1969 % rkjkiqj ijek.kq fo|qr ?kj }kjk O;kolkf;d Lrj ij
fo|qr mRiknu 'kq:A
r 6 flrEcj] 1970 % ;wjsfu;e&233 dk Fkksfj;e ls fuekZ.kA
r 18 iQjojh] 1971 % vuqlaèkku fj,DVj iw£.kek -I gsrq VªkEcs esa IywVjsfu;e
bZaèku dk mRiknuA
Hkkjr dh eq[; Hkk"kk,¡ ,oa muds
cksyus okyksa dh la[;k
ekr`Hkk"kk      Hkkjr esa cksyus vkSlr fo'o vkadM+s
okyksa dh la[;k            (yk[k esa)
fgUnh 153]729]062 3380
rsyqxq 44]707]797 670
caxyk 44]521]533 1810
ejkBh 41]723]893 630
rfey 37]592]794 640
mnwZ 28]600]428 900
xqtjkrh 25]656]274 380
ey;kye 21]917]430 330
dUuM+ 21]575]019 400
mfM+;k 19]729]745 300
Hkkstiqjh 14]340]564 &&&
iatkch 13]900]202 810
vlfe;k 8]958]977 160
NÙkhlx<+h 6]693]445 210
exgh@exèkh 6]638]495 &&&
eSfFkyh 6]121]922 &&&
ekjokM+h 4]714]094 &&&
lUFkkyh 3]693]558 &&&
d'ehjh 2]421]760 50
jktLFkkuh 2]093]557 40
xksaMh 1]548]070 &&&
dksad.kh 1]522]684 20
Mksxjh 1]298]824 40
xksj[kkyh@usikyh 1]286]824 10
x<+okyh 1]227]151 130
igkM+h 1]269]651 130
Hkhyh@fHkyksM+h 1]250]312 &&&
oqQ#l@vksjku 1]240]939 30
flaèkh 1]204]678
yekuh@yEckM+h 1]203]338 &&&
rqyq 1]156]950 &&&
ckxM+h 1]156]950 20
ckxM+h 1]055]607 &&&
*vkadM+s lEHkkfor ,oa lwpd ek=k gSa] iw.kZ ughaA