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Page 1 A Separation Technique Page 2 A Separation Technique Separation and analysis of chemical compounds is an important aspect of analytical chemistry. Precipitation Distillation Extraction Crystallization Page 3 A Separation Technique Separation and analysis of chemical compounds is an important aspect of analytical chemistry. Precipitation Distillation Extraction Crystallization CHROMATOGRAPHY ?The separation of a mixture by distribution of its components between a mobile and stationary phase over time ? mobile phase = solvent ? stationary phase = column packing material Page 4 A Separation Technique Separation and analysis of chemical compounds is an important aspect of analytical chemistry. Precipitation Distillation Extraction Crystallization CHROMATOGRAPHY ?The separation of a mixture by distribution of its components between a mobile and stationary phase over time ? mobile phase = solvent ? stationary phase = column packing material History of chromatography ? Invented by a Russian botanist Mikhail Tswett in 1908 while separating plant pigments using CaCO 3 column. ? Different coloured pigments separated in column and appeared as differently coloured bands in column. ? Chroma – colour; graphien – to write Page 5 A Separation Technique Separation and analysis of chemical compounds is an important aspect of analytical chemistry. Precipitation Distillation Extraction Crystallization CHROMATOGRAPHY ?The separation of a mixture by distribution of its components between a mobile and stationary phase over time ? mobile phase = solvent ? stationary phase = column packing material History of chromatography ? Invented by a Russian botanist Mikhail Tswett in 1908 while separating plant pigments using CaCO 3 column. ? Different coloured pigments separated in column and appeared as differently coloured bands in column. ? Chroma – colour; graphien – to write History contd. ? 1903 Tswett - plant pigments separated on chalk columns ? 1931 Lederer & Kuhn - LC of carotenoids ? 1938 TLC and ion exchange ? 1950 Reverse phase LC ? 1954 Martin & Synge (Nobel Prize) ? 1959 Gel permeation ? 1965 instrumental LC (Waters)Read More
FAQs on Chromatography - PPT (Powerpoint Presentation), Semester, Engineering Chemistry - JEE
| 1. What is chromatography? |  |
Ans. Chromatography is a technique used in chemistry to separate and analyze mixtures into their individual components. It involves the process of passing a mixture through a stationary phase, where different components interact with the stationary phase to varying degrees and are thus separated.
| 2. What is the purpose of chromatography in engineering chemistry? | |
Ans. In engineering chemistry, chromatography is used to determine the composition and purity of substances, analyze complex mixtures, identify unknown compounds, and quantify the amount of different components present in a mixture. It is an essential tool for characterizing and analyzing chemical compounds in various engineering applications.
| 3. How does chromatography work? | |
Ans. Chromatography works based on the principle of differential partitioning or adsorption of components in a mixture between a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The mixture is applied to the stationary phase, and the mobile phase (liquid or gas) is passed through it. The different components of the mixture interact with the stationary phase to varying degrees, leading to their separation and elution at different times.
| 4. What are the different types of chromatography used in engineering chemistry? | |
Ans. There are several types of chromatography used in engineering chemistry, including:
1. Gas chromatography (GC): Used for separating volatile compounds based on their affinity for a stationary phase packed in a column.
2. Liquid chromatography (LC): Separates compounds based on their affinity for a liquid stationary phase.
3. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): A more advanced form of liquid chromatography that utilizes high-pressure to enhance separation efficiency.
4. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC): Involves separating compounds using a thin layer of stationary phase on a solid support.
5. Ion exchange chromatography (IEC): Separates ions based on their charge and affinity for an ion-exchange resin.
| 5. What are the applications of chromatography in engineering chemistry? | |
Ans. Chromatography finds wide applications in engineering chemistry, including:
1. Environmental analysis: Used to analyze pollutants and contaminants in air, water, and soil samples.
2. Pharmaceutical analysis: Determines the purity and quality of drugs and pharmaceutical compounds.
3. Forensic analysis: Helps in identifying unknown substances and analyzing evidence in criminal investigations.
4. Food and beverage analysis: Ensures the quality and safety of food products by analyzing additives, contaminants, and nutritional components.
5. Petrochemical analysis: Used to analyze and characterize petroleum products and ensure their compliance with industry standards.
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