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The poet tells us that he feels more at home with animals than
humans, whom he finds complicated and false.
I think I could turn and live with animals, they are
               so placid and self-contain’d,
I stand and look at them long and long.
They do not sweat and whine about their condition,
They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins,
They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God,
Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented with
            the mania of owning things,
Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind that
       lived thousands of years ago,
Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth.
So they show their relations to me and I accept them,
They bring me tokens of myself, they evince
        them plainly in their possession
I wonder where they get those tokens,
Did I pass that way huge times ago and negligently drop them?
WALT WHITMAN
[From ‘Song of Myself ’ in Leaves of Grass]
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??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?
?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????
??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????
2022-23
Page 2


??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????
The poet tells us that he feels more at home with animals than
humans, whom he finds complicated and false.
I think I could turn and live with animals, they are
               so placid and self-contain’d,
I stand and look at them long and long.
They do not sweat and whine about their condition,
They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins,
They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God,
Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented with
            the mania of owning things,
Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind that
       lived thousands of years ago,
Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth.
So they show their relations to me and I accept them,
They bring me tokens of myself, they evince
        them plainly in their possession
I wonder where they get those tokens,
Did I pass that way huge times ago and negligently drop them?
WALT WHITMAN
[From ‘Song of Myself ’ in Leaves of Grass]
? ???? ???????? ???? ? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??
??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?
?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????
??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????
2022-23
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?????? ??????
1. Notice the use of the word ‘turn’ in the first line, “I think I could turn and live
with animals…”. What is the poet turning from?
2. Mention three things that humans do and animals don’t.
3. Do humans kneel to other humans who lived thousands of years ago? Discuss
this in groups.
4. What are the ‘tokens’ that the poet says he may have dropped long ago, and
which the animals have kept for him? Discuss this in class. (Hint: Whitman
belongs to the Romantic tradition that includes Rousseau and Wordsworth,
which holds that civilisation has made humans false to their own true nature.
What could be the basic aspects of our nature as living beings that humans
choose to ignore or deny?)
???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????
? ?? ? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ??? ???? ??????
??? ?????? ??????
2022-23
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FAQs on NCERT Textbook: Animals - Class 10

1. What is the classification of animals according to the NCERT textbook for Class 10?
Ans. According to the NCERT textbook for Class 10, animals are classified into different groups based on their characteristics. The classification is as follows: 1. Invertebrates: These are animals that do not have a backbone. Examples include insects, mollusks, and worms. 2. Vertebrates: These are animals that have a backbone. Examples include fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. 3. Cold-blooded animals: These animals cannot regulate their body temperature internally and depend on the environment. Examples include fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. 4. Warm-blooded animals: These animals can regulate their body temperature internally. Examples include birds and mammals.
2. How do animals obtain their nutrition according to the NCERT textbook for Class 10?
Ans. Animals obtain their nutrition in different ways according to the NCERT textbook for Class 10. The ways are as follows: 1. Herbivores: These animals feed on plants and obtain their nutrition from them. They have specialized digestive systems to break down plant matter. 2. Carnivores: These animals feed on other animals. They have sharp teeth and claws to catch and kill their prey. Their digestive systems are adapted to digest meat. 3. Omnivores: These animals have a diet that includes both plants and animals. They have a combination of sharp teeth and flat teeth to eat a variety of food. 4. Detritivores: These animals feed on dead organic matter, such as decaying plants and animals. They play an important role in the decomposition process.
3. What are the different methods of reproduction in animals according to the NCERT textbook for Class 10?
Ans. The NCERT textbook for Class 10 mentions different methods of reproduction in animals. Some of these methods are: 1. Sexual reproduction: This is the most common method of reproduction in animals. It involves the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote. The zygote then develops into a new individual. 2. Asexual reproduction: In this method, a single parent produces offspring without the involvement of gametes. This can occur through various processes such as budding, fragmentation, and regeneration. 3. Parthenogenesis: This is a type of asexual reproduction where females produce offspring without fertilization. The offspring are genetically identical to the parent. 4. Viviparous reproduction: In this method, the offspring develop inside the mother's body and are born alive. Mammals, including humans, show this mode of reproduction.
4. How do animals adapt to their environment according to the NCERT textbook for Class 10?
Ans. Animals adapt to their environment in various ways as mentioned in the NCERT textbook for Class 10. Some examples of adaptations are: 1. Structural adaptation: Animals have physical features that help them survive in their environment. For example, the long neck of a giraffe helps it reach leaves on tall trees. 2. Behavioral adaptation: Animals exhibit certain behaviors that help them survive. For instance, birds migrate to warmer regions during winters to find food. 3. Physiological adaptation: Animals have internal mechanisms that enable them to cope with their environment. For example, desert animals have the ability to conserve water. 4. Camouflage: Many animals have the ability to blend with their surroundings to avoid predators or to hunt prey. This helps them survive in their habitat.
5. What are the different types of locomotion in animals according to the NCERT textbook for Class 10?
Ans. The NCERT textbook for Class 10 mentions different types of locomotion in animals. Some of these types are: 1. Walking: Many animals, including humans, use walking as their primary mode of locomotion. They have limbs adapted for this purpose. 2. Running: Some animals have adapted for running, which involves a faster movement of limbs compared to walking. This helps them escape from predators or catch prey. 3. Flying: Birds and bats have the ability to fly. They have wings and a lightweight body structure that enables them to stay airborne. 4. Swimming: Aquatic animals such as fishes, dolphins, and whales use swimming as their mode of locomotion. They have streamlined bodies and fins or flippers to navigate through water. 5. Crawling: Some animals, like snakes and insects, move by crawling. They have specialized body structures and appendages for crawling on different surfaces.
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