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FAQs on Fermi Level - GATE Notes & Videos for Electrical Engineering - Electrical Engineering (EE)

1. What is the Fermi level in a solid?
Ans. The Fermi level in a solid refers to the highest energy level that is occupied by an electron at absolute zero temperature. It represents the energy at which the probability of finding an electron is 50%.
2. How does the Fermi level relate to the electrical conductivity of a solid?
Ans. The Fermi level plays a crucial role in determining the electrical conductivity of a solid. In conductors, the Fermi level lies within the energy band that is partially filled with electrons, allowing for a high conductivity. In insulators, the Fermi level lies within the energy band that is completely filled or completely empty, resulting in low conductivity. Semiconductors have a Fermi level that lies close to the middle of the energy band, giving them moderate conductivity.
3. What factors can influence the position of the Fermi level in a solid?
Ans. The position of the Fermi level in a solid can be affected by various factors, including temperature, doping, and external electric fields. Temperature influences the energy distribution of electrons, while doping introduces impurities that can shift the position of the Fermi level. External electric fields can also alter the Fermi level by attracting or repelling electrons.
4. How does the Fermi level determine the behavior of electrons in a solid?
Ans. The Fermi level determines the probability of finding an electron at a specific energy. According to the Pauli exclusion principle, each energy level can accommodate only two electrons with opposite spins. Electrons will occupy energy levels up to the Fermi level, and any energy levels above the Fermi level will be unoccupied. This behavior affects various electronic properties of solids, such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and optical properties.
5. Can the Fermi level change with the application of an external voltage?
Ans. Yes, the Fermi level can change with the application of an external voltage. When a voltage is applied to a solid, it creates an electric field that can shift the energy levels of electrons. This shift in energy levels can cause the Fermi level to move up or down, depending on the direction of the applied voltage. Such changes in the Fermi level can have significant implications for the behavior of electrons in the solid.
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