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FAQs on Fluid Properties, Fluid Mechanics - Fluid Mechanics for Mechanical Engineering

1. What are the properties of fluids?
Ans. Fluids have several properties that distinguish them from solids. These properties include density, viscosity, pressure, temperature, and surface tension. Density refers to the mass per unit volume of a fluid, while viscosity measures its resistance to flow. Pressure is the force exerted by a fluid per unit area, and temperature affects the fluid's density and viscosity. Surface tension, on the other hand, is the force that causes the surface of a liquid to behave like a stretched elastic sheet.
2. What is fluid mechanics?
Ans. Fluid mechanics is the study of how fluids behave and interact with their surroundings. It involves the analysis of fluids in motion and at rest, as well as the forces and pressures exerted by fluids. Fluid mechanics is essential in various engineering applications, such as designing aircraft, calculating water flow in pipes, and understanding weather patterns. It is based on fundamental principles, such as conservation of mass, momentum, and energy.
3. How does fluid pressure change with depth?
Ans. Fluid pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above. This relationship is known as hydrostatic pressure. The formula for hydrostatic pressure is P = ρgh, where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth. As the depth increases, the weight of the fluid column above also increases, resulting in higher pressure.
4. What is the difference between laminar and turbulent flow?
Ans. Laminar flow and turbulent flow refer to two different types of fluid motion. In laminar flow, the fluid particles move in smooth, parallel layers without significant mixing. The flow is predictable and does not exhibit chaotic behavior. In contrast, turbulent flow is characterized by irregular fluctuations and mixing of fluid particles. The flow becomes more chaotic, and eddies and vortices are formed. Turbulent flow has higher energy losses and is often associated with increased resistance and pressure drop.
5. How does surface tension affect the behavior of fluids?
Ans. Surface tension is the force that causes the surface of a liquid to minimize its area and behave like a stretched elastic sheet. It affects the behavior of fluids by influencing their surface properties. For example, surface tension allows certain insects to walk on water by creating a thin surface film. It also affects the shape of liquid droplets, causing them to form spherical shapes to minimize their surface area. Surface tension plays a crucial role in capillary action, where liquids can rise against gravity in narrow tubes due to the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules.
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