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G e n e r a l 	 i n s t r u c t i o n s
T h i s 	 q u e s t i o n 	 p a p e r 	 h a s 	 7 	 q u e s t i o n s .
A l l 	 t h e 	 q u e s t i o n s 	 a r e 	 c o m p u l s o r y .
W r i t e 	 a n s w e r s 	 n e a t l y 	 a n d 	 l e g i b l y .
D r a w 	 d i a g r a m s 	 w h e r e v e r 	 n e c e s s a r y .
1 . 	 C h o o s e 	 t h e 	 c o r r e c t 	 a n s w e r 	 t o 	 t h e 	 f o l l o w i n g : 	 ( 4 )
a . 	 T h e 	 v a l e n c y 	 o f 	 t h e 	 u n d e r l i n e d 	 g r o u p 	 i n 	 N a 2 C O
3
	 i s 	 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
i . 	 1 	 i i . 	 2 	 i i i . 	 3 	 i v . 	 4
b . 	 T h e 	 i n s e c t i v o r o u s 	 p l a n t 	 i n 	 t h e 	 f o l l o w i n g 	 i s 	 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
i . 	 C u s c u t a 	 i i . 	 V e n u s 	 f l y t r a p 	 i i i . 	 M i s t l e t o e 	 i v . 	 L i c h e n s
c . 	 P l a n t s 	 m a n u f a c t u r e 	 f o o d 	 i n 	 t h e 	 f o r m 	 o f 	 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
i . 	 s t a r c h 	 i i . 	 f r u c t o s e 	 i i i . 	 g l u c o s e 	 i v . 	 s u c r o s e
d . 	 T h e 	 a t o m i c i t y 	 o f 	 a n 	 e l e m e n t 	 w i t h 	 c h e m i c a l 	 f o r m u l a 	 X
8
	 w i l l 	 b e 	 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
i . 	 2 	 i i . 	 3 	 i i i . 	 6 	 i v . 	 8
A n s . 	 	 a . 	 2 	 b . 	 V e n u s 	 f l y t r a p 	 c . 	 g l u c o s e 	 d . 	 8
2 . 	 W h a t 	 a r e 	 s a p r o p h y t e s ? 	 N a m e 	 a n y 	 t w o 	 s a p r o p h y t e s . 	 ( 2 )
A n s . 	 T h e 	 m o d e 	 o f 	 n u t r i t i o n 	 i n 	 w h i c h 	 o r g a n i s m s 	 l i v e 	 o n 	 d e a d 	 a n d 	 d e c a y i n g 	 m a t t e r 	 ( p l a n t s 	 a n d
a n i m a l s ) 	 t o 	 d e r i v e 	 t h e i r 	 f o o d 	 f r o m 	 t h e m 	 i s 	 k n o w n 	 a s 	 s a p r o t r o p h i c 	 n u t r i t i o n . 	 E x a m p l e :
m u s h r o o m , 	 s o m e 	 b a c t e r i a
3 . 	 D i f f e r e n t i a t e 	 b e t w e e n 	 a n 	 a t o m 	 a n d 	 a 	 m o l e c u l e . 	 ( 2 )
A n s . 	 A n 	 a t o m 	 i s 	 t h e 	 s m a l l e s t 	 p a r t i c l e 	 o f 	 a n 	 e l e m e n t 	 t h a t 	 c a n 	 t a k e 	 p a r t 	 i n 	 a 	 c h e m i c a l 	 r e a c t i o n .
I t 	 m a y 	 o r 	 m a y 	 n o t 	 e x i s t 	 i n d e p e n d e n t l y .
A 	 m o l e c u l e 	 i s 	 t h e 	 s m a l l e s t 	 p a r t i c l e 	 o f 	 a n 	 e l e m e n t 	 t h a t 	 c a n 	 n o r m a l l y 	 e x i s t 	 i n d e p e n d e n t l y .
Page 2


G e n e r a l 	 i n s t r u c t i o n s
T h i s 	 q u e s t i o n 	 p a p e r 	 h a s 	 7 	 q u e s t i o n s .
A l l 	 t h e 	 q u e s t i o n s 	 a r e 	 c o m p u l s o r y .
W r i t e 	 a n s w e r s 	 n e a t l y 	 a n d 	 l e g i b l y .
D r a w 	 d i a g r a m s 	 w h e r e v e r 	 n e c e s s a r y .
1 . 	 C h o o s e 	 t h e 	 c o r r e c t 	 a n s w e r 	 t o 	 t h e 	 f o l l o w i n g : 	 ( 4 )
a . 	 T h e 	 v a l e n c y 	 o f 	 t h e 	 u n d e r l i n e d 	 g r o u p 	 i n 	 N a 2 C O
3
	 i s 	 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
i . 	 1 	 i i . 	 2 	 i i i . 	 3 	 i v . 	 4
b . 	 T h e 	 i n s e c t i v o r o u s 	 p l a n t 	 i n 	 t h e 	 f o l l o w i n g 	 i s 	 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
i . 	 C u s c u t a 	 i i . 	 V e n u s 	 f l y t r a p 	 i i i . 	 M i s t l e t o e 	 i v . 	 L i c h e n s
c . 	 P l a n t s 	 m a n u f a c t u r e 	 f o o d 	 i n 	 t h e 	 f o r m 	 o f 	 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
i . 	 s t a r c h 	 i i . 	 f r u c t o s e 	 i i i . 	 g l u c o s e 	 i v . 	 s u c r o s e
d . 	 T h e 	 a t o m i c i t y 	 o f 	 a n 	 e l e m e n t 	 w i t h 	 c h e m i c a l 	 f o r m u l a 	 X
8
	 w i l l 	 b e 	 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
i . 	 2 	 i i . 	 3 	 i i i . 	 6 	 i v . 	 8
A n s . 	 	 a . 	 2 	 b . 	 V e n u s 	 f l y t r a p 	 c . 	 g l u c o s e 	 d . 	 8
2 . 	 W h a t 	 a r e 	 s a p r o p h y t e s ? 	 N a m e 	 a n y 	 t w o 	 s a p r o p h y t e s . 	 ( 2 )
A n s . 	 T h e 	 m o d e 	 o f 	 n u t r i t i o n 	 i n 	 w h i c h 	 o r g a n i s m s 	 l i v e 	 o n 	 d e a d 	 a n d 	 d e c a y i n g 	 m a t t e r 	 ( p l a n t s 	 a n d
a n i m a l s ) 	 t o 	 d e r i v e 	 t h e i r 	 f o o d 	 f r o m 	 t h e m 	 i s 	 k n o w n 	 a s 	 s a p r o t r o p h i c 	 n u t r i t i o n . 	 E x a m p l e :
m u s h r o o m , 	 s o m e 	 b a c t e r i a
3 . 	 D i f f e r e n t i a t e 	 b e t w e e n 	 a n 	 a t o m 	 a n d 	 a 	 m o l e c u l e . 	 ( 2 )
A n s . 	 A n 	 a t o m 	 i s 	 t h e 	 s m a l l e s t 	 p a r t i c l e 	 o f 	 a n 	 e l e m e n t 	 t h a t 	 c a n 	 t a k e 	 p a r t 	 i n 	 a 	 c h e m i c a l 	 r e a c t i o n .
I t 	 m a y 	 o r 	 m a y 	 n o t 	 e x i s t 	 i n d e p e n d e n t l y .
A 	 m o l e c u l e 	 i s 	 t h e 	 s m a l l e s t 	 p a r t i c l e 	 o f 	 a n 	 e l e m e n t 	 t h a t 	 c a n 	 n o r m a l l y 	 e x i s t 	 i n d e p e n d e n t l y .
4 . 	 a . 	 W r i t e 	 t h e 	 s y m b o l 	 f o r 	 S o d i u m . 	 ( 2 )
b . 	 W r i t e 	 t h e 	 f o r m u l a 	 f o r 	 H y d r o c h l o r i c 	 a c i d .
A n s . 	 	 a . 	 S y m b o l : 	 N a 	 b . 	 F o r m u l a : 	 H C l
5 . 	 C e r t a i n 	 f u n g i 	 l i v e 	 i n 	 t h e 	 r o o t s 	 o f 	 p l a n t s 	 l i k e 	 p i n e 	 a n d 	 o a k . 	 T h e 	 p l a n t 	 p r o v i d e s
n u t r i e n t s 	 a n d 	 f u n g i 	 i n 	 r e t u r n 	 h e l p 	 t h e 	 p l a n t 	 t a k e 	 u p 	 w a t e r 	 a n d 	 m i n e r a l s 	 f r o m 	 t h e 	 s o i l .
S u c h 	 r e l a t i o n s h i p 	 i s 	 c a l l e d 	 s y m b i o s i s . 	 ( 3 )
a . 	 W h a t 	 t w o 	 v a l u e s 	 a r e 	 d e p i c t e d 	 b y 	 t h i s 	 t y p e 	 o f 	 a s s o c i a t i o n ?
b . 	 G i v e 	 t w o 	 m o r e 	 e x a m p l e s 	 o f 	 l i v i n g 	 o r g a n i s m s 	 w h i c h 	 s h a r e 	 s u c h 	 t y p e 	 o f 	 a s s o c i a t i o n .
A n s . 	 a . 	 H e l p i n g 	 e a c h 	 o t h e r 	 i n 	 n e e d , 	 l i v i n g 	 i n 	 h a r m o n y 	 w i t h 	 e a c h 	 o t h e r .
b . 	 R h i z o b i u m 	 b a c t e r i a 	 l i v e s 	 i n 	 t h e 	 r o o t 	 n o d u l e s 	 o f 	 l e g u m i n o u s 	 p l a n t s . 	 A n 	 a l g a e 	 a n d 	 a 	 f u n g u s
l i v e s 	 t o g e t h e r 	 a n d 	 f o r m 	 l i c h e n s .
6 . 	 W h a t 	 a r e 	 t h e 	 f a c t o r s 	 e s s e n t i a l 	 f o r 	 p h o t o s y n t h e s i s 	 t o 	 t a k e 	 p l a c e ? 	 S u p p o r t 	 y o u r 	 a n s w e r
w i t h 	 a 	 l a b e l l e d 	 d i a g r a m 	 a n d 	 t h e 	 c h e m i c a l 	 e q u a t i o n . 	 ( 3 )
A n s . 	 W a t e r , 	 c a r b o n 	 d i o x i d e , 	 c h l o r o p h y l l 	 a n d 	 s u n l i g h t 	 a r e 	 e s s e n t i a l 	 f o r 	 p h o t o s y n t h e s i s 	 t o 	 t a k e
p l a c e . 	 I n 	 p h o t o s y n t h e s i s , 	 c a r b o n 	 d i o x i d e 	 a n d 	 w a t e r 	 c o m b i n e 	 i n 	 t h e 	 p r e s e n c e 	 o f 	 c h l o r o p h y l l
a n d 	 s u n l i g h t 	 t o 	 f o r m 	 g l u c o s e 	 a n d 	 o x y g e n . 	 S t u d e n t s 	 w i l l 	 d r a w 	 t h e 	 d i a g r a m .
6 C O
2
	 + 	 1 2 H
2
O 	 ? 	 C
6
H
1 2
O
6
	 + 	 6 O
2
	 + 	 6 H
2
O
7 . 	 a . 	 W h a t 	 i s 	 a 	 c h e m i c a l 	 e q u a t i o n ? 	 W h y 	 i s 	 i t 	 n e c e s s a r y 	 t o 	 b a l a n c e 	 t h e 	 e q u a t i o n ? 	 ( 4 )
b . 	 B a l a n c e 	 t h e 	 g i v e n 	 e q u a t i o n
	 C a C O
3
	 + 	 H C l 	 ? 	 C a C l
2
	 + 	 H
2
O 	 + 	 C O
2
A n s . 	 a . 	 A 	 c h e m i c a l 	 e q u a t i o n 	 s h o w s 	 t h e 	 r e s u l t 	 o f 	 a 	 c h e m i c a l 	 r e a c t i o n 	 i n 	 w h i c h 	 t h e 	 r e a c t a n t s
a n d 	 t h e 	 p r o d u c t s 	 a r e 	 r e p r e s e n t e d 	 b y 	 s y m b o l s 	 o r 	 f o r m u l a . 	 I t 	 i s 	 n e c e s s a r y 	 t o 	 b a l a n c e 	 t o 	 h a v e
s a m e 	 n o . 	 o f 	 a t o m s 	 i n 	 l e f t 	 a n d 	 r i g h t 	 s i d e 	 o f 	 t h e 	 r e a c t i o n .
b . 	 C a C O
3
	 + 	 2 H C l 	 ? 	 C a C l
2
	 + 	 H
2
O 	 + 	 C O
2
	 B a l a n c e d 	 e q u a t i o n
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