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Biology Sample Question Paper Solution: 1 | Biology Class 11 - NEET PDF Download

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1. What is the structure and function of a cell membrane?
Ans. The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and separates its internal environment from the external environment. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which consists of two layers of phospholipid molecules. The hydrophilic (water-loving) heads of the phospholipids are on the outer surfaces of the membrane, while the hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails are on the inside, facing each other. The cell membrane serves as a protective barrier, regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, and allows for cell communication.
2. What are the different types of transport mechanisms across the cell membrane?
Ans. There are three main types of transport mechanisms across the cell membrane: passive transport, active transport, and bulk transport. Passive transport includes processes like diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, where substances move across the membrane without the need for energy. Active transport involves the use of energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, such as through protein pumps or endocytosis/exocytosis. Bulk transport refers to the transport of large molecules or particles, such as through phagocytosis or pinocytosis.
3. How does the cell membrane maintain homeostasis?
Ans. The cell membrane plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, which is the balance of internal conditions within a cell or organism. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, allowing the cell to regulate its internal environment. For example, it selectively allows certain ions or molecules to enter or exit the cell, maintaining the appropriate concentrations for cellular processes. The cell membrane also helps to maintain the pH balance and regulates the water content of the cell through processes like osmoregulation.
4. What is the significance of receptor proteins in the cell membrane?
Ans. Receptor proteins are integral membrane proteins that are involved in cell signaling and communication. They bind to specific molecules, such as hormones or neurotransmitters, and transmit the signal to the inside of the cell, triggering a response. These proteins play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including growth, development, immune response, and sensory perception. They allow cells to respond to their environment and coordinate their activities with other cells in the body.
5. How does the cell membrane contribute to cell recognition and cell adhesion?
Ans. The cell membrane contains glycoproteins, which are proteins with attached carbohydrates. These glycoproteins play a key role in cell recognition and adhesion. They act as markers that help cells recognize and interact with each other. For example, immune cells use these markers to identify foreign cells or pathogens and initiate an immune response. Additionally, the cell membrane contains proteins called cell adhesion molecules, which help cells adhere to each other and form tissues and organs. These molecules are critical for maintaining the structural integrity of tissues and facilitating cell-to-cell communication.
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