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Phases of formation
 The Himalayas do not comprise a single range but a series of at least
three ranges running more or less parallel to one another.
 Therefore, the Himalayas are supposed to have emerged out of the
Himalayan Geosyncline, i.e. the Tethys Sea in
phases following one after the other.
 The first phase when the Great Himalayas
 The second phase when the Middle Himalayas
 The Shiwaliks were formed in the last phase of the Himalayan
Phases of formation
The Himalayas do not comprise a single range but a series of at least
three ranges running more or less parallel to one another.
Therefore, the Himalayas are supposed to have emerged out of the
Himalayan Geosyncline, i.e. the Tethys Sea in three different
Great Himalayas were formed.
Middle Himalayas were formed.
were formed in the last phase of the Himalayan orogeny.
Page 2


Phases of formation
 The Himalayas do not comprise a single range but a series of at least
three ranges running more or less parallel to one another.
 Therefore, the Himalayas are supposed to have emerged out of the
Himalayan Geosyncline, i.e. the Tethys Sea in
phases following one after the other.
 The first phase when the Great Himalayas
 The second phase when the Middle Himalayas
 The Shiwaliks were formed in the last phase of the Himalayan
Phases of formation
The Himalayas do not comprise a single range but a series of at least
three ranges running more or less parallel to one another.
Therefore, the Himalayas are supposed to have emerged out of the
Himalayan Geosyncline, i.e. the Tethys Sea in three different
Great Himalayas were formed.
Middle Himalayas were formed.
were formed in the last phase of the Himalayan orogeny.
Page 3


Phases of formation
 The Himalayas do not comprise a single range but a series of at least
three ranges running more or less parallel to one another.
 Therefore, the Himalayas are supposed to have emerged out of the
Himalayan Geosyncline, i.e. the Tethys Sea in
phases following one after the other.
 The first phase when the Great Himalayas
 The second phase when the Middle Himalayas
 The Shiwaliks were formed in the last phase of the Himalayan
Phases of formation
The Himalayas do not comprise a single range but a series of at least
three ranges running more or less parallel to one another.
Therefore, the Himalayas are supposed to have emerged out of the
Himalayan Geosyncline, i.e. the Tethys Sea in three different
Great Himalayas were formed.
Middle Himalayas were formed.
were formed in the last phase of the Himalayan orogeny.
Page 4


Phases of formation
 The Himalayas do not comprise a single range but a series of at least
three ranges running more or less parallel to one another.
 Therefore, the Himalayas are supposed to have emerged out of the
Himalayan Geosyncline, i.e. the Tethys Sea in
phases following one after the other.
 The first phase when the Great Himalayas
 The second phase when the Middle Himalayas
 The Shiwaliks were formed in the last phase of the Himalayan
Phases of formation
The Himalayas do not comprise a single range but a series of at least
three ranges running more or less parallel to one another.
Therefore, the Himalayas are supposed to have emerged out of the
Himalayan Geosyncline, i.e. the Tethys Sea in three different
Great Himalayas were formed.
Middle Himalayas were formed.
were formed in the last phase of the Himalayan orogeny.
Page 5


Phases of formation
 The Himalayas do not comprise a single range but a series of at least
three ranges running more or less parallel to one another.
 Therefore, the Himalayas are supposed to have emerged out of the
Himalayan Geosyncline, i.e. the Tethys Sea in
phases following one after the other.
 The first phase when the Great Himalayas
 The second phase when the Middle Himalayas
 The Shiwaliks were formed in the last phase of the Himalayan
Phases of formation
The Himalayas do not comprise a single range but a series of at least
three ranges running more or less parallel to one another.
Therefore, the Himalayas are supposed to have emerged out of the
Himalayan Geosyncline, i.e. the Tethys Sea in three different
Great Himalayas were formed.
Middle Himalayas were formed.
were formed in the last phase of the Himalayan orogeny.
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FAQs on PPT: Himalayas- 2 - Crash Course for UPSC Aspirants

1. What is the significance of the Himalayas in the context of India's geography?
Ans. The Himalayas play a crucial role in India's geography. They act as a natural barrier to protect India from extreme weather conditions and provide a shield against any potential invasions from the north. Additionally, the Himalayas are the source of several important rivers, including the Ganges and the Indus, which are lifelines for agriculture and livelihoods in the region.
2. How does the Himalayan region contribute to the biodiversity of India?
Ans. The Himalayan region is known for its rich biodiversity. Its diverse topography and climate support a wide variety of flora and fauna. The region is home to several endemic species, including the snow leopard, Himalayan monal, and Himalayan blue poppy. The Himalayas also act as a refuge for many migratory bird species, making it an important hotspot for birdwatching and conservation efforts.
3. What are the major tourism attractions in the Himalayan region?
Ans. The Himalayan region offers a plethora of tourism attractions. Some of the major attractions include famous hill stations like Shimla, Manali, and Darjeeling, which attract tourists with their scenic beauty and pleasant climate. Adventure enthusiasts can indulge in activities like trekking, mountaineering, and river rafting. The region also houses several ancient Buddhist monasteries and pilgrimage sites, such as Hemis Monastery in Ladakh and Kedarnath Temple in Uttarakhand.
4. How are the Himalayas affected by climate change?
Ans. Climate change has a significant impact on the Himalayas. Rising temperatures have led to the melting of glaciers, which not only affects the water supply for millions of people but also increases the risk of glacial lake outburst floods. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns also influence the region's ecosystems, disrupting biodiversity and affecting the livelihoods of communities dependent on agriculture and forestry.
5. What are the economic opportunities and challenges associated with the Himalayas?
Ans. The Himalayas offer various economic opportunities, primarily in sectors like tourism, hydropower generation, and medicinal plant cultivation. Tourism contributes to the region's economy by attracting domestic and international visitors. Hydropower projects utilize the rivers flowing through the Himalayas for generating electricity. However, the region also faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, vulnerability to natural disasters, and conflicts over resource utilization, which need to be addressed for sustainable development.
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