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Page 1 The Hindu Analysis: 10 May 2020 1. Row over new link road to Kailash Mansarovar Context: ? Inauguration of the new link road from India to China to shorten the travel time for pilgrims to Kailash Mansarovar. ¦ The link road starts from Dharchula in Uttarakhand and runs 80 km to the Lipulekh pass and has been built by the Border Roads Organisation. Details: ? Inauguration of the new link road has run into diplomatic trouble as Nepal has strongly objected to India’s move. Nepal’s contention: ? Nepal has claimed that the ‘Link Road’ connecting to Lipulekh passes through Nepali territory. ? Nepal claims that India’s move marks a breach of the agreement reached between the Indian Prime Minister and Nepal PM in 2014 which sought to work out the outstanding boundary issues on Kalapani (where Lipulekh lies) and Susta. ¦ An understanding was reached between India and Nepal that a solution to boundary issues between the two countries would be sought through negotiation. India’s response: ? The Ministry of External Affairs of India has clarified that the link road passing through Uttarakhand’s Pithoragarh district lies completely within the territory of India. ? India has also clarified that the new link road follows the pre-existing route used by the pilgrims of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra. ? India has stated that the boundary delineation exercise with Page 2 The Hindu Analysis: 10 May 2020 1. Row over new link road to Kailash Mansarovar Context: ? Inauguration of the new link road from India to China to shorten the travel time for pilgrims to Kailash Mansarovar. ¦ The link road starts from Dharchula in Uttarakhand and runs 80 km to the Lipulekh pass and has been built by the Border Roads Organisation. Details: ? Inauguration of the new link road has run into diplomatic trouble as Nepal has strongly objected to India’s move. Nepal’s contention: ? Nepal has claimed that the ‘Link Road’ connecting to Lipulekh passes through Nepali territory. ? Nepal claims that India’s move marks a breach of the agreement reached between the Indian Prime Minister and Nepal PM in 2014 which sought to work out the outstanding boundary issues on Kalapani (where Lipulekh lies) and Susta. ¦ An understanding was reached between India and Nepal that a solution to boundary issues between the two countries would be sought through negotiation. India’s response: ? The Ministry of External Affairs of India has clarified that the link road passing through Uttarakhand’s Pithoragarh district lies completely within the territory of India. ? India has also clarified that the new link road follows the pre-existing route used by the pilgrims of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra. ? India has stated that the boundary delineation exercise with Nepal is ongoing, and that India is committed to resolving outstanding boundary issues through diplomatic dialogue and in the spirit of our close and friendly bilateral relations with Nepal. 2. Enable longer work hours: CII to Centre Context: ? The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has put forth several recommendations at a meeting between CII representatives and the Labour and Employment Minister. Details: Addressing labour shortage: ? The government must issue guidelines directing direct workers to rejoin duty and has suggested that those failing to report for work must be made liable for action under the Employment Standing Order Act and the Industrial Dispute Act. ? The CII has suggested that migrant workers residing in shelter homes or available locally near the industrial belts must be mapped and must be deployed to the nearest factories. Ensuring job retention: ? The industry body has sought removal of labour advisories issued under the Disaster Management Act that prohibits employers from any wage reduction, layoff and retrenchment of workers and has recommended that the provisions of layoff under the Industrial Dispute Act be extended to commercial establishments as a job retention measure for workers having no work. ¦ For the period of layoff, such workers shall remain on rolls and will get reduced wages along with statutory benefits such as ESIC and PF. ? To encourage organisations to retain the job offers and promote fresh employment, the Government can consider restarting Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana. Ensuring ease of business: Page 3 The Hindu Analysis: 10 May 2020 1. Row over new link road to Kailash Mansarovar Context: ? Inauguration of the new link road from India to China to shorten the travel time for pilgrims to Kailash Mansarovar. ¦ The link road starts from Dharchula in Uttarakhand and runs 80 km to the Lipulekh pass and has been built by the Border Roads Organisation. Details: ? Inauguration of the new link road has run into diplomatic trouble as Nepal has strongly objected to India’s move. Nepal’s contention: ? Nepal has claimed that the ‘Link Road’ connecting to Lipulekh passes through Nepali territory. ? Nepal claims that India’s move marks a breach of the agreement reached between the Indian Prime Minister and Nepal PM in 2014 which sought to work out the outstanding boundary issues on Kalapani (where Lipulekh lies) and Susta. ¦ An understanding was reached between India and Nepal that a solution to boundary issues between the two countries would be sought through negotiation. India’s response: ? The Ministry of External Affairs of India has clarified that the link road passing through Uttarakhand’s Pithoragarh district lies completely within the territory of India. ? India has also clarified that the new link road follows the pre-existing route used by the pilgrims of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra. ? India has stated that the boundary delineation exercise with Nepal is ongoing, and that India is committed to resolving outstanding boundary issues through diplomatic dialogue and in the spirit of our close and friendly bilateral relations with Nepal. 2. Enable longer work hours: CII to Centre Context: ? The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has put forth several recommendations at a meeting between CII representatives and the Labour and Employment Minister. Details: Addressing labour shortage: ? The government must issue guidelines directing direct workers to rejoin duty and has suggested that those failing to report for work must be made liable for action under the Employment Standing Order Act and the Industrial Dispute Act. ? The CII has suggested that migrant workers residing in shelter homes or available locally near the industrial belts must be mapped and must be deployed to the nearest factories. Ensuring job retention: ? The industry body has sought removal of labour advisories issued under the Disaster Management Act that prohibits employers from any wage reduction, layoff and retrenchment of workers and has recommended that the provisions of layoff under the Industrial Dispute Act be extended to commercial establishments as a job retention measure for workers having no work. ¦ For the period of layoff, such workers shall remain on rolls and will get reduced wages along with statutory benefits such as ESIC and PF. ? To encourage organisations to retain the job offers and promote fresh employment, the Government can consider restarting Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana. Ensuring ease of business: ? Labour codes should be further reviewed to enable greater ease of doing business and encourage entrepreneurship. Ensuring profitability of enterprises: ? The States need to put the revision of minimum wages on hold for at least one year and the normal working hours of employees across sectors must be increased by allowing four hours overtime per day, with proportionate pay for overtime work. ? The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana ought to be extended to include more establishments under its ambit. The income support from the government would enable the industries to employ labourers at reduced wages. 3. Sal forest tortoise habitat stretches over unprotected areas Context: ? A study by ecologists from the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. Details: Sal forest tortoise: Habitat: ? Also known as the elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata), the Sal forest tortoise is widely distributed over eastern and northern India and Southeast Asia. Threat: ? Sal forest tortoise is heavily hunted for food. It is collected both for local use, such as decorative masks, and international wildlife trade. ? Around 29% of the predicted distribution of the species falls within high occurrence fire zones or areas where there is management burning. ¦ Sal forest tortoise in northeast India is exposed to the risk of jhum fire. Apart from the direct fatalities due to Page 4 The Hindu Analysis: 10 May 2020 1. Row over new link road to Kailash Mansarovar Context: ? Inauguration of the new link road from India to China to shorten the travel time for pilgrims to Kailash Mansarovar. ¦ The link road starts from Dharchula in Uttarakhand and runs 80 km to the Lipulekh pass and has been built by the Border Roads Organisation. Details: ? Inauguration of the new link road has run into diplomatic trouble as Nepal has strongly objected to India’s move. Nepal’s contention: ? Nepal has claimed that the ‘Link Road’ connecting to Lipulekh passes through Nepali territory. ? Nepal claims that India’s move marks a breach of the agreement reached between the Indian Prime Minister and Nepal PM in 2014 which sought to work out the outstanding boundary issues on Kalapani (where Lipulekh lies) and Susta. ¦ An understanding was reached between India and Nepal that a solution to boundary issues between the two countries would be sought through negotiation. India’s response: ? The Ministry of External Affairs of India has clarified that the link road passing through Uttarakhand’s Pithoragarh district lies completely within the territory of India. ? India has also clarified that the new link road follows the pre-existing route used by the pilgrims of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra. ? India has stated that the boundary delineation exercise with Nepal is ongoing, and that India is committed to resolving outstanding boundary issues through diplomatic dialogue and in the spirit of our close and friendly bilateral relations with Nepal. 2. Enable longer work hours: CII to Centre Context: ? The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has put forth several recommendations at a meeting between CII representatives and the Labour and Employment Minister. Details: Addressing labour shortage: ? The government must issue guidelines directing direct workers to rejoin duty and has suggested that those failing to report for work must be made liable for action under the Employment Standing Order Act and the Industrial Dispute Act. ? The CII has suggested that migrant workers residing in shelter homes or available locally near the industrial belts must be mapped and must be deployed to the nearest factories. Ensuring job retention: ? The industry body has sought removal of labour advisories issued under the Disaster Management Act that prohibits employers from any wage reduction, layoff and retrenchment of workers and has recommended that the provisions of layoff under the Industrial Dispute Act be extended to commercial establishments as a job retention measure for workers having no work. ¦ For the period of layoff, such workers shall remain on rolls and will get reduced wages along with statutory benefits such as ESIC and PF. ? To encourage organisations to retain the job offers and promote fresh employment, the Government can consider restarting Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana. Ensuring ease of business: ? Labour codes should be further reviewed to enable greater ease of doing business and encourage entrepreneurship. Ensuring profitability of enterprises: ? The States need to put the revision of minimum wages on hold for at least one year and the normal working hours of employees across sectors must be increased by allowing four hours overtime per day, with proportionate pay for overtime work. ? The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana ought to be extended to include more establishments under its ambit. The income support from the government would enable the industries to employ labourers at reduced wages. 3. Sal forest tortoise habitat stretches over unprotected areas Context: ? A study by ecologists from the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. Details: Sal forest tortoise: Habitat: ? Also known as the elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata), the Sal forest tortoise is widely distributed over eastern and northern India and Southeast Asia. Threat: ? Sal forest tortoise is heavily hunted for food. It is collected both for local use, such as decorative masks, and international wildlife trade. ? Around 29% of the predicted distribution of the species falls within high occurrence fire zones or areas where there is management burning. ¦ Sal forest tortoise in northeast India is exposed to the risk of jhum fire. Apart from the direct fatalities due to the forest fires, the fires also open up habitats, which increase the chance of people finding the tortoise easily. ¦ Forest fires also decrease soil moisture levels which may disturb forest floor ecosystem affecting the predominantly ground based animals. Conservation status: ? Sal forest tortoise has been recently assessed as critically endangered. ? According to the IUCN, the population of the species may have fallen by about 80% in the last three generations (90 years). Once widely distributed the Sal tortoise is now no longer common over its habitat. Concerns: Threatened status: ? 23 of the 29 species of freshwater turtle and tortoise species found in India come under the threatened category in the IUCN red list and are under severe existential threat due to human activities. Faulty demarcation of protected areas: ? The study by Wildlife Institute of India found that the areas designated as protected areas have only a small overlap with the actual habitat of the Sal forest tortoise. ¦ Over 90% of the potential distribution of the Sal forest tortoise falls outside the current protected area network. In northeast India, the representation of the species in protected areas is least. ¦ There is little to no connectivity among most of the protected areas where the species is present. ? Protected areas are designated in a largely mammal-centric way. Many reptiles and amphibians which are equally threatened live outside protected areas where exploitation risk is more. Way forward: Monitoring needed: Page 5 The Hindu Analysis: 10 May 2020 1. Row over new link road to Kailash Mansarovar Context: ? Inauguration of the new link road from India to China to shorten the travel time for pilgrims to Kailash Mansarovar. ¦ The link road starts from Dharchula in Uttarakhand and runs 80 km to the Lipulekh pass and has been built by the Border Roads Organisation. Details: ? Inauguration of the new link road has run into diplomatic trouble as Nepal has strongly objected to India’s move. Nepal’s contention: ? Nepal has claimed that the ‘Link Road’ connecting to Lipulekh passes through Nepali territory. ? Nepal claims that India’s move marks a breach of the agreement reached between the Indian Prime Minister and Nepal PM in 2014 which sought to work out the outstanding boundary issues on Kalapani (where Lipulekh lies) and Susta. ¦ An understanding was reached between India and Nepal that a solution to boundary issues between the two countries would be sought through negotiation. India’s response: ? The Ministry of External Affairs of India has clarified that the link road passing through Uttarakhand’s Pithoragarh district lies completely within the territory of India. ? India has also clarified that the new link road follows the pre-existing route used by the pilgrims of the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra. ? India has stated that the boundary delineation exercise with Nepal is ongoing, and that India is committed to resolving outstanding boundary issues through diplomatic dialogue and in the spirit of our close and friendly bilateral relations with Nepal. 2. Enable longer work hours: CII to Centre Context: ? The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has put forth several recommendations at a meeting between CII representatives and the Labour and Employment Minister. Details: Addressing labour shortage: ? The government must issue guidelines directing direct workers to rejoin duty and has suggested that those failing to report for work must be made liable for action under the Employment Standing Order Act and the Industrial Dispute Act. ? The CII has suggested that migrant workers residing in shelter homes or available locally near the industrial belts must be mapped and must be deployed to the nearest factories. Ensuring job retention: ? The industry body has sought removal of labour advisories issued under the Disaster Management Act that prohibits employers from any wage reduction, layoff and retrenchment of workers and has recommended that the provisions of layoff under the Industrial Dispute Act be extended to commercial establishments as a job retention measure for workers having no work. ¦ For the period of layoff, such workers shall remain on rolls and will get reduced wages along with statutory benefits such as ESIC and PF. ? To encourage organisations to retain the job offers and promote fresh employment, the Government can consider restarting Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana. Ensuring ease of business: ? Labour codes should be further reviewed to enable greater ease of doing business and encourage entrepreneurship. Ensuring profitability of enterprises: ? The States need to put the revision of minimum wages on hold for at least one year and the normal working hours of employees across sectors must be increased by allowing four hours overtime per day, with proportionate pay for overtime work. ? The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana ought to be extended to include more establishments under its ambit. The income support from the government would enable the industries to employ labourers at reduced wages. 3. Sal forest tortoise habitat stretches over unprotected areas Context: ? A study by ecologists from the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. Details: Sal forest tortoise: Habitat: ? Also known as the elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata), the Sal forest tortoise is widely distributed over eastern and northern India and Southeast Asia. Threat: ? Sal forest tortoise is heavily hunted for food. It is collected both for local use, such as decorative masks, and international wildlife trade. ? Around 29% of the predicted distribution of the species falls within high occurrence fire zones or areas where there is management burning. ¦ Sal forest tortoise in northeast India is exposed to the risk of jhum fire. Apart from the direct fatalities due to the forest fires, the fires also open up habitats, which increase the chance of people finding the tortoise easily. ¦ Forest fires also decrease soil moisture levels which may disturb forest floor ecosystem affecting the predominantly ground based animals. Conservation status: ? Sal forest tortoise has been recently assessed as critically endangered. ? According to the IUCN, the population of the species may have fallen by about 80% in the last three generations (90 years). Once widely distributed the Sal tortoise is now no longer common over its habitat. Concerns: Threatened status: ? 23 of the 29 species of freshwater turtle and tortoise species found in India come under the threatened category in the IUCN red list and are under severe existential threat due to human activities. Faulty demarcation of protected areas: ? The study by Wildlife Institute of India found that the areas designated as protected areas have only a small overlap with the actual habitat of the Sal forest tortoise. ¦ Over 90% of the potential distribution of the Sal forest tortoise falls outside the current protected area network. In northeast India, the representation of the species in protected areas is least. ¦ There is little to no connectivity among most of the protected areas where the species is present. ? Protected areas are designated in a largely mammal-centric way. Many reptiles and amphibians which are equally threatened live outside protected areas where exploitation risk is more. Way forward: Monitoring needed: ? Given the fact that tortoises are equally threatened as the tigers, there is the need for regular monitoring of the species. ? Given the scarce information available on Sal forest tortoise, enhanced monitoring will help increase the understanding of the species and aid conservation efforts. Focused efforts: ? In summer Sal forest tortoises select moist patches such as dry stream beds. Such areas should be protected from the spread of forest fire. Transboundary collaboration: ? Given that the species is found even in Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal, transboundary collaboration may aid the conservation efforts. Additional information: ? Transboundary conservation reserves for tigers: ¦ Manas for the Indo-Bhutan region ¦ Sundarban for the India-Bangladesh region. ? The critically endangered brackish water turtle (Batagur baska) is distributed in India and Bangladesh. 4. Green norms must be discussed: Cong. Context: ? The Environment Ministry has extended the deadline for receiving public comments on the draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification 2020. Details: ? The EIA Notification 2020 is to replace and supersede the 2006 notification. ? The new EIA Notification proposes fundamental changes in the environmental regulatory regime in India. Concerns: ? There are some concerns regarding the new clauses in theRead More
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