Page 1
The Hindu Analysis: 24-5-2020
1. China suggests shift in BRI approach amid debt concerns
Context:
? Economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic.
Background:
China’s grants and loans:
? A report notes that China’s grants and loans totalled $354.4 billion
between 2000 and 2014, of which 23% were grants while the rest were
commercial loans at market or close-to-market rates.
? The world’s debt to China grew 10 times between 2000 and 2017, with
developing countries owing $380 billion to China.
COVID-19 crisis:
? Recently, China has faced calls from countries in Asia and Africa to
delay or waive debt repayments because of the economic challenges
induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Details:
? China has hinted at a shift in how it will pursue its signature Belt and
Road Initiative (BRI) amid growing concerns about debt repayments
from partner countries.
¦ China has stated that it will focus on quality in the joint pursuit of
the BRI.
¦ Instead of offering write-offs, China proposes to offer tailored
plans including rescheduling or increasing funding to help related
projects resume operation and return profits.
¦ China has offered adding grants to help bring projects back to
life, conducting debt-to-equity swaps, or hiring Chinese firms to
assist operation of the projects.
2. Dengue, JE strike as Assam battles COVID-19
Context:
? Assam has witnessed a series of viral diseases and pest attacks.
Details:
Page 2
The Hindu Analysis: 24-5-2020
1. China suggests shift in BRI approach amid debt concerns
Context:
? Economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic.
Background:
China’s grants and loans:
? A report notes that China’s grants and loans totalled $354.4 billion
between 2000 and 2014, of which 23% were grants while the rest were
commercial loans at market or close-to-market rates.
? The world’s debt to China grew 10 times between 2000 and 2017, with
developing countries owing $380 billion to China.
COVID-19 crisis:
? Recently, China has faced calls from countries in Asia and Africa to
delay or waive debt repayments because of the economic challenges
induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Details:
? China has hinted at a shift in how it will pursue its signature Belt and
Road Initiative (BRI) amid growing concerns about debt repayments
from partner countries.
¦ China has stated that it will focus on quality in the joint pursuit of
the BRI.
¦ Instead of offering write-offs, China proposes to offer tailored
plans including rescheduling or increasing funding to help related
projects resume operation and return profits.
¦ China has offered adding grants to help bring projects back to
life, conducting debt-to-equity swaps, or hiring Chinese firms to
assist operation of the projects.
2. Dengue, JE strike as Assam battles COVID-19
Context:
? Assam has witnessed a series of viral diseases and pest attacks.
Details:
Human health:
? Assam has witnessed a spike in COVID-19 cases with the arrival of
migrant workers, students and others from elsewhere in the country.
? The state has also been witness to the outbreak of viral diseases
caused by mosquito bites like dengue, acute encephalitis syndrome and
Japanese encephalitis.
¦ These are diseases associated with the pre-monsoon and
monsoon seasons.
Flooding:
? Heavy rainfall in the northern parts of the State has seen two rivers –
Jia-Bharali and Puthimari – flowing above the danger mark.
? Two districts of Assam have been affected by floods and the state is
vulnerable to flooding in the coming months given the onset of monsoon.
? The state would have to face the challenge of adhering to COVID-19
protocols while dealing with the flood-affected people, who might have
to be evacuated to relief camps.
Farm sector:
? The farm sector has been hit hard with floods and cases of African
swine fever (ASF) in pigs across 10 districts.
¦ The African swine fever has so far claimed more than 17,000 pigs
across 10 districts in Assam. There is the challenge to prevent the
spread of ASF to domestic pigs in flood-prone areas.
? The state had also borne the impact of fall armyworm attack in some
districts.
3. Extend loans without fear of 3Cs: FM
Context:
? Financial crisis due to the COVID-19 impact.
Background:
Credit guarantee:
? As part of the Rs. 20.97 lakh crore economic package, the government
has announced the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS)
worth Rs. 3 lakh crore for the MSME sector.
Fear of 3C’s:
? It has often been alleged that genuine bonafide decisions in the banking
sector are being impacted because of the worry of undue harassment
Page 3
The Hindu Analysis: 24-5-2020
1. China suggests shift in BRI approach amid debt concerns
Context:
? Economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic.
Background:
China’s grants and loans:
? A report notes that China’s grants and loans totalled $354.4 billion
between 2000 and 2014, of which 23% were grants while the rest were
commercial loans at market or close-to-market rates.
? The world’s debt to China grew 10 times between 2000 and 2017, with
developing countries owing $380 billion to China.
COVID-19 crisis:
? Recently, China has faced calls from countries in Asia and Africa to
delay or waive debt repayments because of the economic challenges
induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Details:
? China has hinted at a shift in how it will pursue its signature Belt and
Road Initiative (BRI) amid growing concerns about debt repayments
from partner countries.
¦ China has stated that it will focus on quality in the joint pursuit of
the BRI.
¦ Instead of offering write-offs, China proposes to offer tailored
plans including rescheduling or increasing funding to help related
projects resume operation and return profits.
¦ China has offered adding grants to help bring projects back to
life, conducting debt-to-equity swaps, or hiring Chinese firms to
assist operation of the projects.
2. Dengue, JE strike as Assam battles COVID-19
Context:
? Assam has witnessed a series of viral diseases and pest attacks.
Details:
Human health:
? Assam has witnessed a spike in COVID-19 cases with the arrival of
migrant workers, students and others from elsewhere in the country.
? The state has also been witness to the outbreak of viral diseases
caused by mosquito bites like dengue, acute encephalitis syndrome and
Japanese encephalitis.
¦ These are diseases associated with the pre-monsoon and
monsoon seasons.
Flooding:
? Heavy rainfall in the northern parts of the State has seen two rivers –
Jia-Bharali and Puthimari – flowing above the danger mark.
? Two districts of Assam have been affected by floods and the state is
vulnerable to flooding in the coming months given the onset of monsoon.
? The state would have to face the challenge of adhering to COVID-19
protocols while dealing with the flood-affected people, who might have
to be evacuated to relief camps.
Farm sector:
? The farm sector has been hit hard with floods and cases of African
swine fever (ASF) in pigs across 10 districts.
¦ The African swine fever has so far claimed more than 17,000 pigs
across 10 districts in Assam. There is the challenge to prevent the
spread of ASF to domestic pigs in flood-prone areas.
? The state had also borne the impact of fall armyworm attack in some
districts.
3. Extend loans without fear of 3Cs: FM
Context:
? Financial crisis due to the COVID-19 impact.
Background:
Credit guarantee:
? As part of the Rs. 20.97 lakh crore economic package, the government
has announced the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS)
worth Rs. 3 lakh crore for the MSME sector.
Fear of 3C’s:
? It has often been alleged that genuine bonafide decisions in the banking
sector are being impacted because of the worry of undue harassment
by 3Cs — Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Central Vigilance
Commission (CVC) and Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).
Details:
? The Finance Minister has called on the banks to extend loans
automatically to eligible borrowers without ‘fear of 3Cs — CBI, CVC and
CAG’.
? The government has argued that the banks should not be scared to
extend loans as 100% guarantee is being given by the government.
? In case of default, the individual bank or official will not be hauled up.
Way forward:
? Everybody eligible for additional term loan and additional working
capital should be given loans from the bank.
? The government has also emphasised that loans should be sanctioned in
a simple manner and if possible, digitally to avoid any physical contact.
? The government hopes that this step will ensure that liquidity would
start flowing from banks without any new collateral.
4. More area under cotton crop this season
Context:
? Kharif season sowing in Punjab and Haryana.
Details:
? Farmers in Punjab and Haryana have sown more cotton this Kharif
season as against last year on account of a possible labour shortage
owing to migrant labour movement. The farmers are apprehensive
about the return of the migrant labour by June-July.
? Cotton is a less labour-intensive crop than paddy.
? The state governments of Punjab and Haryana have also discouraged
farmers from growing rice given the high water requirements for rice.
The government has been promoting diversification of crops in the light
of declining groundwater levels in the state.
Additional information:
? In Punjab and Haryana, Bt cotton is sown in over 95% of the total area
under cotton cultivation, the remaining 5% usually has indigenous
cotton varieties.
Page 4
The Hindu Analysis: 24-5-2020
1. China suggests shift in BRI approach amid debt concerns
Context:
? Economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic.
Background:
China’s grants and loans:
? A report notes that China’s grants and loans totalled $354.4 billion
between 2000 and 2014, of which 23% were grants while the rest were
commercial loans at market or close-to-market rates.
? The world’s debt to China grew 10 times between 2000 and 2017, with
developing countries owing $380 billion to China.
COVID-19 crisis:
? Recently, China has faced calls from countries in Asia and Africa to
delay or waive debt repayments because of the economic challenges
induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Details:
? China has hinted at a shift in how it will pursue its signature Belt and
Road Initiative (BRI) amid growing concerns about debt repayments
from partner countries.
¦ China has stated that it will focus on quality in the joint pursuit of
the BRI.
¦ Instead of offering write-offs, China proposes to offer tailored
plans including rescheduling or increasing funding to help related
projects resume operation and return profits.
¦ China has offered adding grants to help bring projects back to
life, conducting debt-to-equity swaps, or hiring Chinese firms to
assist operation of the projects.
2. Dengue, JE strike as Assam battles COVID-19
Context:
? Assam has witnessed a series of viral diseases and pest attacks.
Details:
Human health:
? Assam has witnessed a spike in COVID-19 cases with the arrival of
migrant workers, students and others from elsewhere in the country.
? The state has also been witness to the outbreak of viral diseases
caused by mosquito bites like dengue, acute encephalitis syndrome and
Japanese encephalitis.
¦ These are diseases associated with the pre-monsoon and
monsoon seasons.
Flooding:
? Heavy rainfall in the northern parts of the State has seen two rivers –
Jia-Bharali and Puthimari – flowing above the danger mark.
? Two districts of Assam have been affected by floods and the state is
vulnerable to flooding in the coming months given the onset of monsoon.
? The state would have to face the challenge of adhering to COVID-19
protocols while dealing with the flood-affected people, who might have
to be evacuated to relief camps.
Farm sector:
? The farm sector has been hit hard with floods and cases of African
swine fever (ASF) in pigs across 10 districts.
¦ The African swine fever has so far claimed more than 17,000 pigs
across 10 districts in Assam. There is the challenge to prevent the
spread of ASF to domestic pigs in flood-prone areas.
? The state had also borne the impact of fall armyworm attack in some
districts.
3. Extend loans without fear of 3Cs: FM
Context:
? Financial crisis due to the COVID-19 impact.
Background:
Credit guarantee:
? As part of the Rs. 20.97 lakh crore economic package, the government
has announced the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS)
worth Rs. 3 lakh crore for the MSME sector.
Fear of 3C’s:
? It has often been alleged that genuine bonafide decisions in the banking
sector are being impacted because of the worry of undue harassment
by 3Cs — Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Central Vigilance
Commission (CVC) and Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).
Details:
? The Finance Minister has called on the banks to extend loans
automatically to eligible borrowers without ‘fear of 3Cs — CBI, CVC and
CAG’.
? The government has argued that the banks should not be scared to
extend loans as 100% guarantee is being given by the government.
? In case of default, the individual bank or official will not be hauled up.
Way forward:
? Everybody eligible for additional term loan and additional working
capital should be given loans from the bank.
? The government has also emphasised that loans should be sanctioned in
a simple manner and if possible, digitally to avoid any physical contact.
? The government hopes that this step will ensure that liquidity would
start flowing from banks without any new collateral.
4. More area under cotton crop this season
Context:
? Kharif season sowing in Punjab and Haryana.
Details:
? Farmers in Punjab and Haryana have sown more cotton this Kharif
season as against last year on account of a possible labour shortage
owing to migrant labour movement. The farmers are apprehensive
about the return of the migrant labour by June-July.
? Cotton is a less labour-intensive crop than paddy.
? The state governments of Punjab and Haryana have also discouraged
farmers from growing rice given the high water requirements for rice.
The government has been promoting diversification of crops in the light
of declining groundwater levels in the state.
Additional information:
? In Punjab and Haryana, Bt cotton is sown in over 95% of the total area
under cotton cultivation, the remaining 5% usually has indigenous
cotton varieties.
5. Details of 2.90 crore job seekers on dark net
Context:
? Data leak detected by the Cyber security firm, Cyble.
Details:
? Personal details of about 2.90 crore Indian job seekers have been found
dumped on the dark net, raising concerns among cyber crime agencies
and experts in India over a massive data breach.
Concerns:
Sensitive information:
? This breach includes sensitive information such as names, addresses,
email, contact numbers, home address, qualification, work experience,
etc. of job seekers.
? Such personal information could aid cybercriminals to conduct various
nefarious activities such as identity thefts, scams, and corporate
espionage.
Leak from job sites:
? Though the exact source of the leak is not yet detected, the leak
appears to have occurred from a resume aggregator service. This is a
concern given the high popularity of such sites among the job seeking
populace.
6. What explains the India-China border flare-up?
Context:
? Rising tensions on the India-China border.
Background:
? Border skirmishes have been reported in at least four different
locations along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
¦ Pangong lake in Ladakh, Naku La in Sikkim, the Galwan valley in
Ladakh and in Demchok.
Causes of the stand-off:
Non-delineated borders:
? The Line of Actual Control (LAC) has never been demarcated.
? Differing perceptions of the border, particularly acute in certain spots
across the Western (Ladakh), Middle (Himachal Pradesh and
Uttarakhand), and Eastern (Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh) sectors of
Page 5
The Hindu Analysis: 24-5-2020
1. China suggests shift in BRI approach amid debt concerns
Context:
? Economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic.
Background:
China’s grants and loans:
? A report notes that China’s grants and loans totalled $354.4 billion
between 2000 and 2014, of which 23% were grants while the rest were
commercial loans at market or close-to-market rates.
? The world’s debt to China grew 10 times between 2000 and 2017, with
developing countries owing $380 billion to China.
COVID-19 crisis:
? Recently, China has faced calls from countries in Asia and Africa to
delay or waive debt repayments because of the economic challenges
induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Details:
? China has hinted at a shift in how it will pursue its signature Belt and
Road Initiative (BRI) amid growing concerns about debt repayments
from partner countries.
¦ China has stated that it will focus on quality in the joint pursuit of
the BRI.
¦ Instead of offering write-offs, China proposes to offer tailored
plans including rescheduling or increasing funding to help related
projects resume operation and return profits.
¦ China has offered adding grants to help bring projects back to
life, conducting debt-to-equity swaps, or hiring Chinese firms to
assist operation of the projects.
2. Dengue, JE strike as Assam battles COVID-19
Context:
? Assam has witnessed a series of viral diseases and pest attacks.
Details:
Human health:
? Assam has witnessed a spike in COVID-19 cases with the arrival of
migrant workers, students and others from elsewhere in the country.
? The state has also been witness to the outbreak of viral diseases
caused by mosquito bites like dengue, acute encephalitis syndrome and
Japanese encephalitis.
¦ These are diseases associated with the pre-monsoon and
monsoon seasons.
Flooding:
? Heavy rainfall in the northern parts of the State has seen two rivers –
Jia-Bharali and Puthimari – flowing above the danger mark.
? Two districts of Assam have been affected by floods and the state is
vulnerable to flooding in the coming months given the onset of monsoon.
? The state would have to face the challenge of adhering to COVID-19
protocols while dealing with the flood-affected people, who might have
to be evacuated to relief camps.
Farm sector:
? The farm sector has been hit hard with floods and cases of African
swine fever (ASF) in pigs across 10 districts.
¦ The African swine fever has so far claimed more than 17,000 pigs
across 10 districts in Assam. There is the challenge to prevent the
spread of ASF to domestic pigs in flood-prone areas.
? The state had also borne the impact of fall armyworm attack in some
districts.
3. Extend loans without fear of 3Cs: FM
Context:
? Financial crisis due to the COVID-19 impact.
Background:
Credit guarantee:
? As part of the Rs. 20.97 lakh crore economic package, the government
has announced the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS)
worth Rs. 3 lakh crore for the MSME sector.
Fear of 3C’s:
? It has often been alleged that genuine bonafide decisions in the banking
sector are being impacted because of the worry of undue harassment
by 3Cs — Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Central Vigilance
Commission (CVC) and Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).
Details:
? The Finance Minister has called on the banks to extend loans
automatically to eligible borrowers without ‘fear of 3Cs — CBI, CVC and
CAG’.
? The government has argued that the banks should not be scared to
extend loans as 100% guarantee is being given by the government.
? In case of default, the individual bank or official will not be hauled up.
Way forward:
? Everybody eligible for additional term loan and additional working
capital should be given loans from the bank.
? The government has also emphasised that loans should be sanctioned in
a simple manner and if possible, digitally to avoid any physical contact.
? The government hopes that this step will ensure that liquidity would
start flowing from banks without any new collateral.
4. More area under cotton crop this season
Context:
? Kharif season sowing in Punjab and Haryana.
Details:
? Farmers in Punjab and Haryana have sown more cotton this Kharif
season as against last year on account of a possible labour shortage
owing to migrant labour movement. The farmers are apprehensive
about the return of the migrant labour by June-July.
? Cotton is a less labour-intensive crop than paddy.
? The state governments of Punjab and Haryana have also discouraged
farmers from growing rice given the high water requirements for rice.
The government has been promoting diversification of crops in the light
of declining groundwater levels in the state.
Additional information:
? In Punjab and Haryana, Bt cotton is sown in over 95% of the total area
under cotton cultivation, the remaining 5% usually has indigenous
cotton varieties.
5. Details of 2.90 crore job seekers on dark net
Context:
? Data leak detected by the Cyber security firm, Cyble.
Details:
? Personal details of about 2.90 crore Indian job seekers have been found
dumped on the dark net, raising concerns among cyber crime agencies
and experts in India over a massive data breach.
Concerns:
Sensitive information:
? This breach includes sensitive information such as names, addresses,
email, contact numbers, home address, qualification, work experience,
etc. of job seekers.
? Such personal information could aid cybercriminals to conduct various
nefarious activities such as identity thefts, scams, and corporate
espionage.
Leak from job sites:
? Though the exact source of the leak is not yet detected, the leak
appears to have occurred from a resume aggregator service. This is a
concern given the high popularity of such sites among the job seeking
populace.
6. What explains the India-China border flare-up?
Context:
? Rising tensions on the India-China border.
Background:
? Border skirmishes have been reported in at least four different
locations along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
¦ Pangong lake in Ladakh, Naku La in Sikkim, the Galwan valley in
Ladakh and in Demchok.
Causes of the stand-off:
Non-delineated borders:
? The Line of Actual Control (LAC) has never been demarcated.
? Differing perceptions of the border, particularly acute in certain spots
across the Western (Ladakh), Middle (Himachal Pradesh and
Uttarakhand), and Eastern (Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh) sectors of
the India-China border lead to face-off and stand-off situations.
? Though the boundary in the Sikkim sector is broadly agreed upon, that
too has not been delineated.
India’s moves to strengthen infrastructure:
? China, along the LAC, has enjoyed an advantage in infrastructure as
well as terrain that is more favourable to mobilisation of troops and
resources.
? The broader context for the tensions appears to be a changing dynamic
along the LAC, wherein India seems to be catching up with China by
improving its border infrastructure.
Increasing assertiveness of China:
? The latest skirmishes at the Galwan Valley and Sikkim are somewhat
unexpected as the contours of the LAC are broadly agreed to in these
sectors.
? The Galwan Valley incident was triggered by China moving in troops and
equipment to stop construction activity by India. India is claiming that
the construction activity was well within India’s side of the LAC.
Boundary negotiations:
? A three-stage boundary negotiation was proposed between India and
China.
¦ Agreement on political parameters and guiding principles
¦ Evolving a framework to resolve the dispute
¦ Delineating and demarcating of the boundary
? In 2005, the agreement on political parameters and guiding principles
was completed. The current and most difficult stage involves agreeing
to a framework to resolve the dispute in all sectors.
? The 22nd round of talks between the Special Representatives was held
in Delhi in December 2019.
¦ Both sides noted that an early settlement of the boundary
question serves the fundamental interests of both countries and
resolved to intensify their efforts to achieve a fair, reasonable
and mutually acceptable solution.
Concerns:
Failed negotiations:
? India has long proposed an exercise to clarify differing perceptions of
the LAC to prevent border stand-offs. India has argued that such an
exercise could help both countries understand the claims of the other,
paving the way to regulate activities in contested areas until a final
settlement of the boundary dispute is arrived at.
? Maps were exchanged in the Middle Sector, but the exercise fell through
in the Western Sector where divergence is the greatest. China has since
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