Page 1
The Hindu Analysis: 20 July 2020
1) Make the right call on ‘Malabar’ going Quad-
GS 2- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving
India and/or a?ecting India’s interests
CONTEXT:
1. There is speculation in the media that New Delhi could soon invite
Australia to join the Malabar naval exercises to be held later this
year.
2. Malabar is a trilateral naval exercise with Japan and the United
States in the Bay of Bengal.
3. It appears a green signal to Australia could soon be given, making it
the ?rst time since 2007 that all members of Quad will participate in
a joint military drill, aimed ostensibly(apparently) at China.
Page 2
The Hindu Analysis: 20 July 2020
1) Make the right call on ‘Malabar’ going Quad-
GS 2- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving
India and/or a?ecting India’s interests
CONTEXT:
1. There is speculation in the media that New Delhi could soon invite
Australia to join the Malabar naval exercises to be held later this
year.
2. Malabar is a trilateral naval exercise with Japan and the United
States in the Bay of Bengal.
3. It appears a green signal to Australia could soon be given, making it
the ?rst time since 2007 that all members of Quad will participate in
a joint military drill, aimed ostensibly(apparently) at China.
POSSIBLE CONFLICT POINT:
1. Beijing has long opposed a coalition of democracies in the
Indo-Paci?c region.
2. The Chinese leadership sees the maritime Quadrilateral as an
Asian-NATO that seeks only to contain China’s rise.
3. Earlier last week, the Chinese communist party’s mouthpiece, noted
that at a time of strained bilateral ties with China, India’s intention
to involve Australia in the Malabar drill could only be construed as a
move directed against Beijing.
4. Expectedly, Indian commentators welcomed the development,
hailing it as a long overdue move.
Page 3
The Hindu Analysis: 20 July 2020
1) Make the right call on ‘Malabar’ going Quad-
GS 2- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving
India and/or a?ecting India’s interests
CONTEXT:
1. There is speculation in the media that New Delhi could soon invite
Australia to join the Malabar naval exercises to be held later this
year.
2. Malabar is a trilateral naval exercise with Japan and the United
States in the Bay of Bengal.
3. It appears a green signal to Australia could soon be given, making it
the ?rst time since 2007 that all members of Quad will participate in
a joint military drill, aimed ostensibly(apparently) at China.
POSSIBLE CONFLICT POINT:
1. Beijing has long opposed a coalition of democracies in the
Indo-Paci?c region.
2. The Chinese leadership sees the maritime Quadrilateral as an
Asian-NATO that seeks only to contain China’s rise.
3. Earlier last week, the Chinese communist party’s mouthpiece, noted
that at a time of strained bilateral ties with China, India’s intention
to involve Australia in the Malabar drill could only be construed as a
move directed against Beijing.
4. Expectedly, Indian commentators welcomed the development,
hailing it as a long overdue move.
5. Following the stand-o? in Ladakh, many Indian analysts believe the
time is right for India to shed(give up) its traditional defensiveness in
the maritime domain.
6. The realists advocate an alliance with the U.S., Japan and Australia
to counter Chinese moves in the Indian Ocean.
7. Yet, Indian decision-makers have reason to be cautious.
8. At a time when India and China are negotiating a truce(to stop
?ghting) on the border in Eastern Ladakh, New Delhi’s invitation to
Australia to participate in the Malabar exercise sends contrary
signals to Beijing.
9. If China responded churlishly(rudely) through aggressive posturing
in the Eastern Indian Ocean, it could needlessly open up a new front
in the India-China con?ict.
THE PROSPECT OF MODEST GAINS:
1. Indian decision-makers should also re?ect on the strategic rationale
of the military-Quad.
2. U.S. and its Paci?c partner’s principal motivation in forming a
maritime coalition is to implement a ‘rules-based order’ in the
Indo-Paci?c littorals.
3. India’s priority is to acquire strategic capabilities to counter a
Chinese naval presence in the Indian Ocean.
4. While India has acquired airborne surveillance assets from the U.S.,
the Indian Navy is yet to develop the undersea capability to
deter(prevent) Chinese submarines in the eastern Indian Ocean.
5. With U.S. defence companies hesitant to part with proprietary
technology — in particular, vital anti-submarine warfare tech — the
pay-o? for New Delhi, in exchange for signing up the ‘military-quad’ ,
is modest.
6. Maritime watchers know cooperation with the U.S. and Japan
Page 4
The Hindu Analysis: 20 July 2020
1) Make the right call on ‘Malabar’ going Quad-
GS 2- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving
India and/or a?ecting India’s interests
CONTEXT:
1. There is speculation in the media that New Delhi could soon invite
Australia to join the Malabar naval exercises to be held later this
year.
2. Malabar is a trilateral naval exercise with Japan and the United
States in the Bay of Bengal.
3. It appears a green signal to Australia could soon be given, making it
the ?rst time since 2007 that all members of Quad will participate in
a joint military drill, aimed ostensibly(apparently) at China.
POSSIBLE CONFLICT POINT:
1. Beijing has long opposed a coalition of democracies in the
Indo-Paci?c region.
2. The Chinese leadership sees the maritime Quadrilateral as an
Asian-NATO that seeks only to contain China’s rise.
3. Earlier last week, the Chinese communist party’s mouthpiece, noted
that at a time of strained bilateral ties with China, India’s intention
to involve Australia in the Malabar drill could only be construed as a
move directed against Beijing.
4. Expectedly, Indian commentators welcomed the development,
hailing it as a long overdue move.
5. Following the stand-o? in Ladakh, many Indian analysts believe the
time is right for India to shed(give up) its traditional defensiveness in
the maritime domain.
6. The realists advocate an alliance with the U.S., Japan and Australia
to counter Chinese moves in the Indian Ocean.
7. Yet, Indian decision-makers have reason to be cautious.
8. At a time when India and China are negotiating a truce(to stop
?ghting) on the border in Eastern Ladakh, New Delhi’s invitation to
Australia to participate in the Malabar exercise sends contrary
signals to Beijing.
9. If China responded churlishly(rudely) through aggressive posturing
in the Eastern Indian Ocean, it could needlessly open up a new front
in the India-China con?ict.
THE PROSPECT OF MODEST GAINS:
1. Indian decision-makers should also re?ect on the strategic rationale
of the military-Quad.
2. U.S. and its Paci?c partner’s principal motivation in forming a
maritime coalition is to implement a ‘rules-based order’ in the
Indo-Paci?c littorals.
3. India’s priority is to acquire strategic capabilities to counter a
Chinese naval presence in the Indian Ocean.
4. While India has acquired airborne surveillance assets from the U.S.,
the Indian Navy is yet to develop the undersea capability to
deter(prevent) Chinese submarines in the eastern Indian Ocean.
5. With U.S. defence companies hesitant to part with proprietary
technology — in particular, vital anti-submarine warfare tech — the
pay-o? for New Delhi, in exchange for signing up the ‘military-quad’ ,
is modest.
6. Maritime watchers know cooperation with the U.S. and Japan
without attendant bene?ts of strategic technology transfers will not
improve the Indian Navy’s deterrence potential in the Indian Ocean
Region (IOR).
7. In operational terms also, it might be premature for Delhi to initiate
multilateral engagement with Quad partners.
8. With the strategic contest between the U.S. and China in East Asia
and Southeast Asia hotting up, there is every possibility that the
military-Quad will be used to draw India into the security dynamics
of the Asia-Paci?c.
9. The U.S. would expect its Indo-Paci?c partners, including India, to
assist the U.S. Navy in its South China Sea endeavour(operations).
10. Notably, neither Washington nor Tokyo believes China’s threats in
the Indian Ocean equal the challenges the PLAN poses in the Paci?c.
11. While they may engage in the occasional naval exercise in the Bay of
Bengal, the U.S. and Japanese navies have little spare capacity for
sustained surveillance and deterrence operations in the IOR.
12. Australia, ironically, is the only one ready and able to partner India
in securing the Eastern Indian Ocean.
CHINA HAS BEEN CAUTIOUS:
1. There is also the question of timing. A balancing coalition must
come together when the nature and magnitude of the threat is
wholly manifest.
2. Again, it is worth pointing out that despite a growing presence in the
Indian Ocean, the PLAN is yet to physically threaten Indian interests
at sea.
3. Chinese warships have not challenged Indian sovereignty in its
territorial waters, or ventured close to Indian islands with malign
intent.
4. Nor have PLAN assets impeded(stopped) the passage of Indian
Page 5
The Hindu Analysis: 20 July 2020
1) Make the right call on ‘Malabar’ going Quad-
GS 2- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving
India and/or a?ecting India’s interests
CONTEXT:
1. There is speculation in the media that New Delhi could soon invite
Australia to join the Malabar naval exercises to be held later this
year.
2. Malabar is a trilateral naval exercise with Japan and the United
States in the Bay of Bengal.
3. It appears a green signal to Australia could soon be given, making it
the ?rst time since 2007 that all members of Quad will participate in
a joint military drill, aimed ostensibly(apparently) at China.
POSSIBLE CONFLICT POINT:
1. Beijing has long opposed a coalition of democracies in the
Indo-Paci?c region.
2. The Chinese leadership sees the maritime Quadrilateral as an
Asian-NATO that seeks only to contain China’s rise.
3. Earlier last week, the Chinese communist party’s mouthpiece, noted
that at a time of strained bilateral ties with China, India’s intention
to involve Australia in the Malabar drill could only be construed as a
move directed against Beijing.
4. Expectedly, Indian commentators welcomed the development,
hailing it as a long overdue move.
5. Following the stand-o? in Ladakh, many Indian analysts believe the
time is right for India to shed(give up) its traditional defensiveness in
the maritime domain.
6. The realists advocate an alliance with the U.S., Japan and Australia
to counter Chinese moves in the Indian Ocean.
7. Yet, Indian decision-makers have reason to be cautious.
8. At a time when India and China are negotiating a truce(to stop
?ghting) on the border in Eastern Ladakh, New Delhi’s invitation to
Australia to participate in the Malabar exercise sends contrary
signals to Beijing.
9. If China responded churlishly(rudely) through aggressive posturing
in the Eastern Indian Ocean, it could needlessly open up a new front
in the India-China con?ict.
THE PROSPECT OF MODEST GAINS:
1. Indian decision-makers should also re?ect on the strategic rationale
of the military-Quad.
2. U.S. and its Paci?c partner’s principal motivation in forming a
maritime coalition is to implement a ‘rules-based order’ in the
Indo-Paci?c littorals.
3. India’s priority is to acquire strategic capabilities to counter a
Chinese naval presence in the Indian Ocean.
4. While India has acquired airborne surveillance assets from the U.S.,
the Indian Navy is yet to develop the undersea capability to
deter(prevent) Chinese submarines in the eastern Indian Ocean.
5. With U.S. defence companies hesitant to part with proprietary
technology — in particular, vital anti-submarine warfare tech — the
pay-o? for New Delhi, in exchange for signing up the ‘military-quad’ ,
is modest.
6. Maritime watchers know cooperation with the U.S. and Japan
without attendant bene?ts of strategic technology transfers will not
improve the Indian Navy’s deterrence potential in the Indian Ocean
Region (IOR).
7. In operational terms also, it might be premature for Delhi to initiate
multilateral engagement with Quad partners.
8. With the strategic contest between the U.S. and China in East Asia
and Southeast Asia hotting up, there is every possibility that the
military-Quad will be used to draw India into the security dynamics
of the Asia-Paci?c.
9. The U.S. would expect its Indo-Paci?c partners, including India, to
assist the U.S. Navy in its South China Sea endeavour(operations).
10. Notably, neither Washington nor Tokyo believes China’s threats in
the Indian Ocean equal the challenges the PLAN poses in the Paci?c.
11. While they may engage in the occasional naval exercise in the Bay of
Bengal, the U.S. and Japanese navies have little spare capacity for
sustained surveillance and deterrence operations in the IOR.
12. Australia, ironically, is the only one ready and able to partner India
in securing the Eastern Indian Ocean.
CHINA HAS BEEN CAUTIOUS:
1. There is also the question of timing. A balancing coalition must
come together when the nature and magnitude of the threat is
wholly manifest.
2. Again, it is worth pointing out that despite a growing presence in the
Indian Ocean, the PLAN is yet to physically threaten Indian interests
at sea.
3. Chinese warships have not challenged Indian sovereignty in its
territorial waters, or ventured close to Indian islands with malign
intent.
4. Nor have PLAN assets impeded(stopped) the passage of Indian
merchantmen in the regional sea lanes and choke points.
5. To the contrary, the Chinese Navy has avoided any entanglement
with Indian naval ships in the subcontinental littorals.
6. Sure, Chinese research and intelligence ship presence close to the
Andaman Islands has relatively expanded, but Chinese maritime
agencies have gone about their task cautiously, ensuring that
operations do not cross the threshold of con?ict with India.
7. This also means that the onus of the ?rst move to precipitate a crisis
in the Eastern Indian Ocean lies with the Indian Navy.
8. Were the Indian Navy to combine with friendly forces in regional
littorals, it would need to be ready for the consequences.
NEED FOR CAREFUL THOUGHT:
1. The sobering reality for New Delhi is that naval coalition building
alone will not credibly deter Chinese naval power in the Indian
Ocean.
2. Upgrading the trilateral Malabar to a quadrilateral, without
acquiring the requisite combat and deterrence capability, could yield
gains for India in the short term, but would prove ine?ective in the
long run.
3. This is not to suggest that inviting Australia to join the Malabar is a
bad idea.
4. It is simply to posit that New Delhi should not sign up to
quadrilateral engagement without a cost-bene?t exercise and
commensurate(proportion) gains in the strategic-operational
realm.
5. What might appear politically sensible could be operationally
imprudent(impractical).
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