NCERT Textbook - विद्रोही और राज | इतिहास (History) for UPSC CSE in Hindi PDF Download

 Page 1


288
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;
10 ebZ 1857 dh nksigj ckn esjB Nkouh esa flikfg;ksa us fonzksg dj fn;kA gypy
dh 'kq#vkr Hkkjrh; lSfudksa ls cuh iSny lsuk ls gqbZ Fkh tks tYn gh ?kqM+lokj I
+
kQkSt
vkSj fiQj 'kgj rd iSQy xbZA 'kgj vkSj vklikl osQ nsgkr osQ yksx flikfg;ksa osQ
lkFk tqM+ x,A flikfg;ksa us 'kL=kkxkj ij O
+
kQC”kk dj fy;k tgk¡ gfFk;kj vkSj
xksyk&ck:n j[ks gq, FksA blosQ ckn mUgksaus xksjksa ij fu'kkuk lkèkk vkSj muosQ caxyksa]
lktks&lkeku dks rgl&ugl djuk vkSj tykuk&iw¡Qduk 'kq: dj fn;kA fjdkWMZ n- Ýrj]
tsy] vnkyr] Mkd[kkus] ljdkjh [ktkus] tSlh ljdkjh bekjrksa dks ywVdj rckg
fd;k tkus yxkA 'kgj dks fnYyh ls tksM+us okyh VsyhxzkI
+
kQ ykbu dkV nh xbZA v¡èksjk
iljrs gh flikfg;ksa dk ,d tRFkk ?kksM+ksa ij lokj gksdj fnYyh dh rjI
+
kQ py iM+kA
;g tRFkk 11 ebZ dks rM+osQ yky fO
+
kQys osQ iQkVd ij
igq¡pkA je”kku dk eghuk FkkA eqX
+
ky lezkV cgknqj 'kkg uek”k
i<+dj vkSj lgjh (jks”ks osQ fnuksa esa lwjt mxus ls igys dk
Hkkstu) [kkdj mBs FksA mUgsa iQkVd ij gks&gYyk lqukbZ fn;kA
ckgj [kM+s flikfg;ksa us tkudkjh nh fd ¶ge esjB osQ lHkh
vaxzs”k iq#"kksa dks ekjdj vk, gSa D;ksafd os gesa xk; vkSj lqvj
dh pchZ esa fyiVs dkjrwl nk¡rksa ls [khapus osQ fy, etcwj dj
jgs FksA blls fganw vkSj eqlyeku] lcdk èkeZ Hkz"V gks tk,xkA¸
rc rd flikfg;ksa dk ,d vkSj tRFkk fnYyh esa nkf[ky gks
pqdk Fkk vkSj 'kgj osQ vke yksx muosQ lkFk tqM+us yxs FksA
cgqr lkjs ;wjksfi;u yksx ekjs x,] fnYyh osQ vehj yksxksa ij
geys gq, vkSj ywVikV gqbZA fnYyh vaxzs”kksa osQ fu;a=k.k ls ckgj
tk pqdh FkhA oqQN flikgh yky fO
+
kQys esa nkf[ky gksus osQ fy,
njckj osQ f'k"Vkpkj dk ikyu fd, fcuk csèkM+d fO
+
kQys esa
?kql x, FksA mudh ek¡x Fkh fd ckn'kkg mUgsa viuk vk'khokZn
nsaA flikfg;ksa ls f?kjs cgknqj 'kkg osQ ikl mudh ckr ekuus osQ
vykok vkSj dksbZ pkjk u FkkA bl rjg bl fonzksg us ,d
oSèkrk gkfly dj yh D;ksafd vc mls eqX
+
ky ckn'kkg osQ uke
ij pyk;k tk ldrk FkkA
fp=k 11-1
cgknqj 'kkg dk fp=k
foæksgh vkSj jkt
1857 dk vkanksyu vkSj
mlosQ O;k[;ku
vè;k;
X;kjg
Page 2


288
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ oqQN fo"k;
10 ebZ 1857 dh nksigj ckn esjB Nkouh esa flikfg;ksa us fonzksg dj fn;kA gypy
dh 'kq#vkr Hkkjrh; lSfudksa ls cuh iSny lsuk ls gqbZ Fkh tks tYn gh ?kqM+lokj I
+
kQkSt
vkSj fiQj 'kgj rd iSQy xbZA 'kgj vkSj vklikl osQ nsgkr osQ yksx flikfg;ksa osQ
lkFk tqM+ x,A flikfg;ksa us 'kL=kkxkj ij O
+
kQC”kk dj fy;k tgk¡ gfFk;kj vkSj
xksyk&ck:n j[ks gq, FksA blosQ ckn mUgksaus xksjksa ij fu'kkuk lkèkk vkSj muosQ caxyksa]
lktks&lkeku dks rgl&ugl djuk vkSj tykuk&iw¡Qduk 'kq: dj fn;kA fjdkWMZ n- Ýrj]
tsy] vnkyr] Mkd[kkus] ljdkjh [ktkus] tSlh ljdkjh bekjrksa dks ywVdj rckg
fd;k tkus yxkA 'kgj dks fnYyh ls tksM+us okyh VsyhxzkI
+
kQ ykbu dkV nh xbZA v¡èksjk
iljrs gh flikfg;ksa dk ,d tRFkk ?kksM+ksa ij lokj gksdj fnYyh dh rjI
+
kQ py iM+kA
;g tRFkk 11 ebZ dks rM+osQ yky fO
+
kQys osQ iQkVd ij
igq¡pkA je”kku dk eghuk FkkA eqX
+
ky lezkV cgknqj 'kkg uek”k
i<+dj vkSj lgjh (jks”ks osQ fnuksa esa lwjt mxus ls igys dk
Hkkstu) [kkdj mBs FksA mUgsa iQkVd ij gks&gYyk lqukbZ fn;kA
ckgj [kM+s flikfg;ksa us tkudkjh nh fd ¶ge esjB osQ lHkh
vaxzs”k iq#"kksa dks ekjdj vk, gSa D;ksafd os gesa xk; vkSj lqvj
dh pchZ esa fyiVs dkjrwl nk¡rksa ls [khapus osQ fy, etcwj dj
jgs FksA blls fganw vkSj eqlyeku] lcdk èkeZ Hkz"V gks tk,xkA¸
rc rd flikfg;ksa dk ,d vkSj tRFkk fnYyh esa nkf[ky gks
pqdk Fkk vkSj 'kgj osQ vke yksx muosQ lkFk tqM+us yxs FksA
cgqr lkjs ;wjksfi;u yksx ekjs x,] fnYyh osQ vehj yksxksa ij
geys gq, vkSj ywVikV gqbZA fnYyh vaxzs”kksa osQ fu;a=k.k ls ckgj
tk pqdh FkhA oqQN flikgh yky fO
+
kQys esa nkf[ky gksus osQ fy,
njckj osQ f'k"Vkpkj dk ikyu fd, fcuk csèkM+d fO
+
kQys esa
?kql x, FksA mudh ek¡x Fkh fd ckn'kkg mUgsa viuk vk'khokZn
nsaA flikfg;ksa ls f?kjs cgknqj 'kkg osQ ikl mudh ckr ekuus osQ
vykok vkSj dksbZ pkjk u FkkA bl rjg bl fonzksg us ,d
oSèkrk gkfly dj yh D;ksafd vc mls eqX
+
ky ckn'kkg osQ uke
ij pyk;k tk ldrk FkkA
fp=k 11-1
cgknqj 'kkg dk fp=k
foæksgh vkSj jkt
1857 dk vkanksyu vkSj
mlosQ O;k[;ku
vè;k;
X;kjg
289
fonzksgh vkSj jkt
12 vkSj 13 ebZ dks mÙkj Hkkjr esa 'kkafr jghA ysfdu tSls gh
;g [+kcj iSQyh fd fnYyh ij fonzksfg;ksa dk O
+
kQC”kk gks pqdk gS
vkSj cgknqj 'kkg us fonzksg dks viuk leFkZu ns fn;k gS] gkykr
rs”kh ls cnyus yxsA xaxk ?kkVh dh Nkofu;ksa vkSj fnYyh osQ
if'pe dh oqQN Nkofu;ksa esa fonzksg osQ Loj rs”k gksus yxsA
1- foæksg dk <jkZ
;fn bu fonzksgksa dks rkjh[+k osQ fglkc ls flyflysokj j[kk tk, rks
,slk yxrk gS fd tSls&tSls fonzksg dh [+kcj ,d 'kgj ls nwljs 'kgj
esa igq¡prh xbZ oSls&oSls flikgh gfFk;kj mBkrs x,A gj Nkouh esa
fonzksg dk ?kVukozQe dekscs'k ,d tSlk FkkA
1-1 lSU; foæksg oSQls 'kq: gq,
flikfg;ksa us fdlh u fdlh fo'ks"k laosQr osQ lkFk viuh dkjZokbZ 'kq:
dhA dbZ txg 'kke osQ le; rksi dk xksyk nkX
+
kk x;k rks dgha fcxqy
ctkdj fonzksg dk laosQr fn;k x;kA lcls igys mUgksaus 'kL=kkxkj ij
O
+
kQC”kk fd;k vkSj ljdkjh [+k”kkus dks ywVkA blosQ ckn mUgksaus tsy]
ljdkjh [+k”kkus] VsyhxzkI
+
kQ n-Ýrj] fjdkWMZ :e] caxyksa] reke ljdkjh
bekjrksa ij geyk fd;k vkSj lkjs fjdkWMZ tykrs pys x,A xksjksa ls
lacaf/r gj ph”k vkSj gj 'k[+l geys dk fu'kkuk FkkA fganqvksa vkSj
eqlyekuksa] reke yksxksa dks ,dtqV gksus vkSj fI
+
kQjafx;ksa dk liQk;k djus
osQ fy, fganh] mnwZ vkSj I
+
kQkjlh esa vihysa tkjh gksus yxhaA
fonzksg esa vke yksxksa osQ Hkh
'kkfey gks tkus osQ lkFk&lkFk geyksa
dk nk;jk iSQy x;kA y[kuÅ] dkuiqj
vkSj cjsyh tSls cM+s 'kgjksa esa lkgwdkj
vkSj vehj Hkh fonzksfg;ksa osQ XkqLlss
dk f'kdkj cuus yxsA fdlku bu
yksxksa dks u osQoy viuk mRihM+d
cfYd vaxzs”kksa dk fiV~Bw ekurs FksA
”;knkrj txg vehjksa osQ ?kj&ckj
ywVdj rckg dj fn, x,A flikfg;ksa
oQh O
+
kQrkjksa esa gq, bu fNViqV fonzksgksa
us tYnh gh ,d pkSrjI
+
kQk fonzksg
dk :i ys fy;kA 'kklu dh lÙkk
vkSj lksikuksa dh ljsvke vogsyuk
gksus yxhA
fI
+
kQjaxh] I
+
kQkjlh Hkk"kk dk 'kCn gS tks
laHkor% IkSzaQd (ftlls izQkal dk uke
iM+k gS) ls fudyk gSA bls mnwZ vkSj fganh
esa if'peh yksxksa dk e”kkd mM+kus osQ
fy, dHkh&dHkh bldk iz;ksx viekutud
n`f"V ls Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA
fp=k 11-2
y[kuÅ esa fczfV'k yksxksa osQ f[+kykI
+
kQ geyas esa
vke yksx Hkh flikfg;ksa osQ lkFk vk tqVrs gSaA