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1. What are the main principles of Jainism?
Ans. Jainism is based on the principles of non-violence (Ahimsa), truthfulness (Satya), non-stealing (Asteya), celibacy (Brahmacharya), and non-possessiveness (Aparigraha). These principles aim to purify the soul and attain liberation (Moksha).
2. How did Buddhism spread across India and other parts of Asia?
Ans. Buddhism spread through the efforts of Emperor Ashoka, who embraced the faith and propagated it across India and neighboring regions. Buddhist monks and missionaries played a crucial role in spreading the teachings of Buddha, leading to its widespread adoption in countries like Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia.
3. What are the key differences between Jainism and Buddhism?
Ans. Jainism and Buddhism share similarities in their emphasis on non-violence and the cycle of birth and death. However, Jainism places a stronger emphasis on ascetic practices, while Buddhism focuses on the Middle Way and the Four Noble Truths. Additionally, Jainism believes in the existence of soul (jiva), while Buddhism denies the existence of a permanent self.
4. How did Jainism and Buddhism influence Indian society and culture?
Ans. Jainism and Buddhism had a profound impact on Indian society and culture. They challenged the dominance of Brahmanical rituals and caste system, emphasizing equality and social harmony. Both religions promoted education and contributed to the development of literature, art, and architecture. They also influenced the practice of vegetarianism and non-violence in India.
5. Why did Buddhism decline in India while Jainism continued to thrive?
Ans. Several factors contributed to the decline of Buddhism in India. The revival of Hinduism under the Gupta Empire, the reassertion of Brahmanical rituals, and the rise of Islamic invasions led to the decline of Buddhist institutions. In contrast, Jainism managed to survive due to its strong monastic organization and the patronage of wealthy Jain merchants. Additionally, Jainism's emphasis on non-violence and ethical living appealed to many individuals.
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