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1. What is the significance of the spread of civilization in Eastern India?
Ans. The spread of civilization in Eastern India was significant as it led to the development of urban centers, the growth of trade and commerce, and the establishment of political and administrative systems. It also fostered cultural exchanges, religious practices, and the diffusion of knowledge and technology.
2. Which ancient civilization had a major influence on the spread of civilization in Eastern India?
Ans. The ancient Mauryan civilization had a major influence on the spread of civilization in Eastern India. The Mauryan Empire, under the rule of Emperor Ashoka, extended its influence to the eastern region, leading to the establishment of a centralized administration, the construction of roads and infrastructure, and the spread of Buddhism.
3. How did the spread of civilization in Eastern India impact trade and commerce?
Ans. The spread of civilization in Eastern India had a significant impact on trade and commerce. It led to the growth of urban centers, such as Pataliputra and Rajagriha, which became important trade hubs. The availability of resources, such as fertile land, rivers, and forests, facilitated agricultural production and the development of industries like weaving, metalworking, and shipbuilding.
4. What were the main cultural exchanges facilitated by the spread of civilization in Eastern India?
Ans. The spread of civilization in Eastern India facilitated cultural exchanges between different communities and regions. The Mauryan Empire, for example, promoted the spread of Buddhism, which led to the establishment of Buddhist monasteries, the construction of stupas, and the dissemination of Buddhist teachings. There was also an exchange of ideas, art forms, and architectural styles between Eastern India and other regions, particularly through trade networks.
5. How did the spread of civilization in Eastern India contribute to the diffusion of knowledge and technology?
Ans. The spread of civilization in Eastern India contributed to the diffusion of knowledge and technology through various means. The establishment of universities, such as Nalanda and Vikramshila, attracted scholars from different parts of the world, resulting in the exchange of ideas and the advancement of knowledge in fields like mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and philosophy. Additionally, the development of trade networks allowed for the exchange of technological innovations, such as irrigation techniques, shipbuilding methods, and metallurgical practices.
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