NCERT Textbook - सौहार्दं प्रकृतेः शोभा | संस्कृत कक्षा 10 (Sanskrit Class 10) PDF Download

 Page 1


48 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%
"k"B% ikB%
lkSgknZa izÑrs% 'kksHkk
v;a ikB% ijLija LusglkSgknZiw.kZ% O;ogkj% L;kfnfr cks/;frA lEçfr o;a i';ke% ;r~
lekts tuk% vkRekfHkekfuu% l×tkrk%] rs ijLija frjLoqQoZfUrA LokFkZiwj.ks layXuk% rs ijs"kka
dY;k.kfo"k;s uSo fdefi fpUr;fUrA rs"kka thouksís';e~ v/quk bna l×tkre~ µ
¶uhpSjuhpSjfruhpuhpS% loSZ% mik;S% iQyeso lkè;e~¸
vr% lekts ikjLifjdLusglao/Zuk; vfLeu~ ikBs i'kqif{k.kka ekè;esu lekts O;oâre~
vkRekfHkekua n'kZ;u~] çÑfrekrq% ekè;esu vUrs fu"d"kZ% LFkkfir% ;r~ dkykuqxq.ka losZ"kka
egÙoa Hkofr] losZ vU;ksU;kfJrk% lfUrA vr% vLekfHk%
LodY;k.kk; ijLija Lusgsu eS=khiw.kZO;ogkjs.k p HkkO;e~A
ouL; n`';a lehis ,oSdk unh ogfrA ,d%
flag% lq[ksu foJkE;fr] rnSo ,d% okuj% vkxR;
rL; iqPNa èkqukfrA ozqQ¼% flag% ra izgrqZfePNfr ija
okujLrq owQfnZRok o`{kek:<%A rnSo vU;Lekr~ o`{kkr~
vij% okuj% flagL; d.kZeko`Q"; iqu% o`{kksifj
vkjksgfrA ,oeso okujk% okja okja flaga rqnfURkA ozqQ¼%
flag% brLrr% /kofr] xtZfr ija fdefi drqZeleFkZ%
,o fr"BfrA okujk% glfUr o`{kksifj p fofo/k%
if{k.k% vfi flagL; ,rkn`'kha n'kka n`"V~ok g"kZfefJra
dyjoa oqQoZfUrA
funzkHkÄõnq%[ksu oujkt% lUufi rqPNthoS% vkReu% ,rkn`';k nqjoLFk;k
JkUr% loZtUrwu~ n`"V~ok i`PNfr&
Reprint 2025-26
Page 2


48 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%
"k"B% ikB%
lkSgknZa izÑrs% 'kksHkk
v;a ikB% ijLija LusglkSgknZiw.kZ% O;ogkj% L;kfnfr cks/;frA lEçfr o;a i';ke% ;r~
lekts tuk% vkRekfHkekfuu% l×tkrk%] rs ijLija frjLoqQoZfUrA LokFkZiwj.ks layXuk% rs ijs"kka
dY;k.kfo"k;s uSo fdefi fpUr;fUrA rs"kka thouksís';e~ v/quk bna l×tkre~ µ
¶uhpSjuhpSjfruhpuhpS% loSZ% mik;S% iQyeso lkè;e~¸
vr% lekts ikjLifjdLusglao/Zuk; vfLeu~ ikBs i'kqif{k.kka ekè;esu lekts O;oâre~
vkRekfHkekua n'kZ;u~] çÑfrekrq% ekè;esu vUrs fu"d"kZ% LFkkfir% ;r~ dkykuqxq.ka losZ"kka
egÙoa Hkofr] losZ vU;ksU;kfJrk% lfUrA vr% vLekfHk%
LodY;k.kk; ijLija Lusgsu eS=khiw.kZO;ogkjs.k p HkkO;e~A
ouL; n`';a lehis ,oSdk unh ogfrA ,d%
flag% lq[ksu foJkE;fr] rnSo ,d% okuj% vkxR;
rL; iqPNa èkqukfrA ozqQ¼% flag% ra izgrqZfePNfr ija
okujLrq owQfnZRok o`{kek:<%A rnSo vU;Lekr~ o`{kkr~
vij% okuj% flagL; d.kZeko`Q"; iqu% o`{kksifj
vkjksgfrA ,oeso okujk% okja okja flaga rqnfURkA ozqQ¼%
flag% brLrr% /kofr] xtZfr ija fdefi drqZeleFkZ%
,o fr"BfrA okujk% glfUr o`{kksifj p fofo/k%
if{k.k% vfi flagL; ,rkn`'kha n'kka n`"V~ok g"kZfefJra
dyjoa oqQoZfUrA
funzkHkÄõnq%[ksu oujkt% lUufi rqPNthoS% vkReu% ,rkn`';k nqjoLFk;k
JkUr% loZtUrwu~ n`"V~ok i`PNfr&
Reprint 2025-26
lkSgknZa izÑrs% 'kksHkk 49
flag% & (Øks/su xtZu~) Hkks%! vga oujkt%] fda Hk;a u tk;rs\ fdeFkZa
ekesoa rqnfUr losZ fefyRok\
,d% okuj% & ;r% Roa oujkt% Hkforqa rq loZFkk¿;ksX;%A jktk rq j{kd% Hkofr
ija Hkoku~ rq Hk{kd%A vfi p Loj{kk;kefi leFkZ% ukfl] rfgZ
dFkeLeku~ jf{k";fl\
vU;% okuj% & fda u Jqrk Ro;k i×prU=kksfDr% &
;ks u j{kfr fo=kLrku~ ihM~;ekuk ijS% lnkA
tUrwu~ ikfFkZo:is.k l o`QrkUrks u la'k;%AA
dkd% & vke~ lR;a dfFkra Ro;k& oLrqr% oujkt% Hkforqa rq vgeso ;ksX;%A
fid% & (miglu~) dFka Roa ;ksX;% oujkt% Hkforqa] ;=k r=k dk&dk bfr
doZQ'kèofuuk okrkoj.kekoqQyhdjksf"kA u :ie~] u èofujfLrA
o`Q".ko.kZe~ esè;kesè;Hk{kda Roka dFka oujkta eU;kegs o;e~\
dkd% & vjs! vjs! foaQ tYifl\ ;fn
vga o`Q".ko.kZ% rfgZ Roa fda
xkSjkÄ~x%\ vfi p foLe;Zrs
fda ;r~ ee lR;fiz;rk rq
tukuka o`Qrs mnkgj.kLo:ik&
^vu`ra onfl psr~ dkd%
n'ksr~*& bfr izdkjs.kA vLekda ifjJe% ,sD;a p fo'oizfFkre~A
vfi p dkdps"V% fo|kFkhZ ,o vkn'kZPNk=k% eU;rsA
fid% & vye~ vye~ vfrfodRFkusuA fda foLe;Zrs ;r~&
dkd% o`Q".k% fid% o`Q".k% dks Hksn% fiddkd;ks%A
olUrle;s izkIrs dkd% dkd% fid% fid%AA
dkd% & js ijHk`r~! vga ;fn ro larfra u iky;kfe rfgZ oqQ=k L;q% fidk%\
vr% vge~ ,o djQ.kkij% if{klezkV~ dkd%A
Reprint 2025-26
Page 3


48 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%
"k"B% ikB%
lkSgknZa izÑrs% 'kksHkk
v;a ikB% ijLija LusglkSgknZiw.kZ% O;ogkj% L;kfnfr cks/;frA lEçfr o;a i';ke% ;r~
lekts tuk% vkRekfHkekfuu% l×tkrk%] rs ijLija frjLoqQoZfUrA LokFkZiwj.ks layXuk% rs ijs"kka
dY;k.kfo"k;s uSo fdefi fpUr;fUrA rs"kka thouksís';e~ v/quk bna l×tkre~ µ
¶uhpSjuhpSjfruhpuhpS% loSZ% mik;S% iQyeso lkè;e~¸
vr% lekts ikjLifjdLusglao/Zuk; vfLeu~ ikBs i'kqif{k.kka ekè;esu lekts O;oâre~
vkRekfHkekua n'kZ;u~] çÑfrekrq% ekè;esu vUrs fu"d"kZ% LFkkfir% ;r~ dkykuqxq.ka losZ"kka
egÙoa Hkofr] losZ vU;ksU;kfJrk% lfUrA vr% vLekfHk%
LodY;k.kk; ijLija Lusgsu eS=khiw.kZO;ogkjs.k p HkkO;e~A
ouL; n`';a lehis ,oSdk unh ogfrA ,d%
flag% lq[ksu foJkE;fr] rnSo ,d% okuj% vkxR;
rL; iqPNa èkqukfrA ozqQ¼% flag% ra izgrqZfePNfr ija
okujLrq owQfnZRok o`{kek:<%A rnSo vU;Lekr~ o`{kkr~
vij% okuj% flagL; d.kZeko`Q"; iqu% o`{kksifj
vkjksgfrA ,oeso okujk% okja okja flaga rqnfURkA ozqQ¼%
flag% brLrr% /kofr] xtZfr ija fdefi drqZeleFkZ%
,o fr"BfrA okujk% glfUr o`{kksifj p fofo/k%
if{k.k% vfi flagL; ,rkn`'kha n'kka n`"V~ok g"kZfefJra
dyjoa oqQoZfUrA
funzkHkÄõnq%[ksu oujkt% lUufi rqPNthoS% vkReu% ,rkn`';k nqjoLFk;k
JkUr% loZtUrwu~ n`"V~ok i`PNfr&
Reprint 2025-26
lkSgknZa izÑrs% 'kksHkk 49
flag% & (Øks/su xtZu~) Hkks%! vga oujkt%] fda Hk;a u tk;rs\ fdeFkZa
ekesoa rqnfUr losZ fefyRok\
,d% okuj% & ;r% Roa oujkt% Hkforqa rq loZFkk¿;ksX;%A jktk rq j{kd% Hkofr
ija Hkoku~ rq Hk{kd%A vfi p Loj{kk;kefi leFkZ% ukfl] rfgZ
dFkeLeku~ jf{k";fl\
vU;% okuj% & fda u Jqrk Ro;k i×prU=kksfDr% &
;ks u j{kfr fo=kLrku~ ihM~;ekuk ijS% lnkA
tUrwu~ ikfFkZo:is.k l o`QrkUrks u la'k;%AA
dkd% & vke~ lR;a dfFkra Ro;k& oLrqr% oujkt% Hkforqa rq vgeso ;ksX;%A
fid% & (miglu~) dFka Roa ;ksX;% oujkt% Hkforqa] ;=k r=k dk&dk bfr
doZQ'kèofuuk okrkoj.kekoqQyhdjksf"kA u :ie~] u èofujfLrA
o`Q".ko.kZe~ esè;kesè;Hk{kda Roka dFka oujkta eU;kegs o;e~\
dkd% & vjs! vjs! foaQ tYifl\ ;fn
vga o`Q".ko.kZ% rfgZ Roa fda
xkSjkÄ~x%\ vfi p foLe;Zrs
fda ;r~ ee lR;fiz;rk rq
tukuka o`Qrs mnkgj.kLo:ik&
^vu`ra onfl psr~ dkd%
n'ksr~*& bfr izdkjs.kA vLekda ifjJe% ,sD;a p fo'oizfFkre~A
vfi p dkdps"V% fo|kFkhZ ,o vkn'kZPNk=k% eU;rsA
fid% & vye~ vye~ vfrfodRFkusuA fda foLe;Zrs ;r~&
dkd% o`Q".k% fid% o`Q".k% dks Hksn% fiddkd;ks%A
olUrle;s izkIrs dkd% dkd% fid% fid%AA
dkd% & js ijHk`r~! vga ;fn ro larfra u iky;kfe rfgZ oqQ=k L;q% fidk%\
vr% vge~ ,o djQ.kkij% if{klezkV~ dkd%A
Reprint 2025-26
50 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%
xt% & lehir% ,okxPNu~ vjs! vjs! loZa lEHkk"k.ka Ük`.oUusokge~ v=kkxPNe~A
vga fo'kkydk;%] cy'kkyh] ijkØeh pA flag% ok L;kr~ vFkok
vU;% dks¿fi] oU;i'kwu~ rq rqnUra tUrqega Lo'kq.Msu iksFkf;Rok
ekjf;";kfeA fdeU;% dks¿I;fLr ,rkn`'k% ijkØehA vr% vgeso
;ksX;% oujktink;A
okuj% & vjs! vjs! ,oa ok ('kh?kzeso xtL;kfi iqPNa fo/w; o`{kksifj vkjksgfrA)
(xt% ra o`{keso Lo'kq.Msu vkyksMf;rqfePNfr ija okujLrq owQfnZRok vU;a o`{kekjksgfrA ,oa
xta o`{kkr~ o`{ka izfr /koUra n`"V~ok flag% vfi glfr onfr pA)
flag% & Hkks% xt! ekeI;soesokrqnu~ ,rs okujk%A
okuj% & ,rLeknso rq dFk;kfe ;ngeso ;ksX;% oujktink; ;su fo'kkydk;a
ijkØfe.ka] Hk;adja pkfi flga xta ok ijktsrqa leFkkZ vLekda
tkfr%A vr% oU;tUrwuka j{kk;S o;eso {kek%A
(,rRloZa JqRok unheè;fLFkr% ,d% cd%)
cd% & vjs! vjs! eka fogk; dFkeU;% dks¿fi jktk HkforqegZfrA vga rq
'khrys tys cgqdkyi;ZUre~ vfopy% è;kueXu% fLFkrizK bo
fLFkRok losZ"kka j{kk;k% mik;ku~ fpUrf;";kfe] ;kstuka fuehZ; p
LolHkk;ka fofo/ineyaoqQokZ.kS% tUrqfHk'p fefyRok j{kksik;ku~
fØ;kfUorku~ dkjf;";kfe] vr% vgeso oujktinizkIr;s ;ksX;%A
e;wj% & (o`{kksifjr%&vV~VgkliwoZde~) foje foje vkRe'yk?kk;k% fda u
tkukfl ;r~&
;fn u L;kUujifr% lE;Ä~usrk rr% iztkA
vd.kZ/kjk ty/kS foIyosrsg ukSfjoAA
dks u tkukfr ro è;kukoLFkke~A ^fLFkrizK* bfr O;ktsu ojkdku~
ehuku~ Nysu vf/x`g~; Øwjr;k Hk{k;flA f/d~ Roke~A ro dkj.kkr~
rq loZa if{koqQyesokoekfura tkre~A
Reprint 2025-26
Page 4


48 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%
"k"B% ikB%
lkSgknZa izÑrs% 'kksHkk
v;a ikB% ijLija LusglkSgknZiw.kZ% O;ogkj% L;kfnfr cks/;frA lEçfr o;a i';ke% ;r~
lekts tuk% vkRekfHkekfuu% l×tkrk%] rs ijLija frjLoqQoZfUrA LokFkZiwj.ks layXuk% rs ijs"kka
dY;k.kfo"k;s uSo fdefi fpUr;fUrA rs"kka thouksís';e~ v/quk bna l×tkre~ µ
¶uhpSjuhpSjfruhpuhpS% loSZ% mik;S% iQyeso lkè;e~¸
vr% lekts ikjLifjdLusglao/Zuk; vfLeu~ ikBs i'kqif{k.kka ekè;esu lekts O;oâre~
vkRekfHkekua n'kZ;u~] çÑfrekrq% ekè;esu vUrs fu"d"kZ% LFkkfir% ;r~ dkykuqxq.ka losZ"kka
egÙoa Hkofr] losZ vU;ksU;kfJrk% lfUrA vr% vLekfHk%
LodY;k.kk; ijLija Lusgsu eS=khiw.kZO;ogkjs.k p HkkO;e~A
ouL; n`';a lehis ,oSdk unh ogfrA ,d%
flag% lq[ksu foJkE;fr] rnSo ,d% okuj% vkxR;
rL; iqPNa èkqukfrA ozqQ¼% flag% ra izgrqZfePNfr ija
okujLrq owQfnZRok o`{kek:<%A rnSo vU;Lekr~ o`{kkr~
vij% okuj% flagL; d.kZeko`Q"; iqu% o`{kksifj
vkjksgfrA ,oeso okujk% okja okja flaga rqnfURkA ozqQ¼%
flag% brLrr% /kofr] xtZfr ija fdefi drqZeleFkZ%
,o fr"BfrA okujk% glfUr o`{kksifj p fofo/k%
if{k.k% vfi flagL; ,rkn`'kha n'kka n`"V~ok g"kZfefJra
dyjoa oqQoZfUrA
funzkHkÄõnq%[ksu oujkt% lUufi rqPNthoS% vkReu% ,rkn`';k nqjoLFk;k
JkUr% loZtUrwu~ n`"V~ok i`PNfr&
Reprint 2025-26
lkSgknZa izÑrs% 'kksHkk 49
flag% & (Øks/su xtZu~) Hkks%! vga oujkt%] fda Hk;a u tk;rs\ fdeFkZa
ekesoa rqnfUr losZ fefyRok\
,d% okuj% & ;r% Roa oujkt% Hkforqa rq loZFkk¿;ksX;%A jktk rq j{kd% Hkofr
ija Hkoku~ rq Hk{kd%A vfi p Loj{kk;kefi leFkZ% ukfl] rfgZ
dFkeLeku~ jf{k";fl\
vU;% okuj% & fda u Jqrk Ro;k i×prU=kksfDr% &
;ks u j{kfr fo=kLrku~ ihM~;ekuk ijS% lnkA
tUrwu~ ikfFkZo:is.k l o`QrkUrks u la'k;%AA
dkd% & vke~ lR;a dfFkra Ro;k& oLrqr% oujkt% Hkforqa rq vgeso ;ksX;%A
fid% & (miglu~) dFka Roa ;ksX;% oujkt% Hkforqa] ;=k r=k dk&dk bfr
doZQ'kèofuuk okrkoj.kekoqQyhdjksf"kA u :ie~] u èofujfLrA
o`Q".ko.kZe~ esè;kesè;Hk{kda Roka dFka oujkta eU;kegs o;e~\
dkd% & vjs! vjs! foaQ tYifl\ ;fn
vga o`Q".ko.kZ% rfgZ Roa fda
xkSjkÄ~x%\ vfi p foLe;Zrs
fda ;r~ ee lR;fiz;rk rq
tukuka o`Qrs mnkgj.kLo:ik&
^vu`ra onfl psr~ dkd%
n'ksr~*& bfr izdkjs.kA vLekda ifjJe% ,sD;a p fo'oizfFkre~A
vfi p dkdps"V% fo|kFkhZ ,o vkn'kZPNk=k% eU;rsA
fid% & vye~ vye~ vfrfodRFkusuA fda foLe;Zrs ;r~&
dkd% o`Q".k% fid% o`Q".k% dks Hksn% fiddkd;ks%A
olUrle;s izkIrs dkd% dkd% fid% fid%AA
dkd% & js ijHk`r~! vga ;fn ro larfra u iky;kfe rfgZ oqQ=k L;q% fidk%\
vr% vge~ ,o djQ.kkij% if{klezkV~ dkd%A
Reprint 2025-26
50 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%
xt% & lehir% ,okxPNu~ vjs! vjs! loZa lEHkk"k.ka Ük`.oUusokge~ v=kkxPNe~A
vga fo'kkydk;%] cy'kkyh] ijkØeh pA flag% ok L;kr~ vFkok
vU;% dks¿fi] oU;i'kwu~ rq rqnUra tUrqega Lo'kq.Msu iksFkf;Rok
ekjf;";kfeA fdeU;% dks¿I;fLr ,rkn`'k% ijkØehA vr% vgeso
;ksX;% oujktink;A
okuj% & vjs! vjs! ,oa ok ('kh?kzeso xtL;kfi iqPNa fo/w; o`{kksifj vkjksgfrA)
(xt% ra o`{keso Lo'kq.Msu vkyksMf;rqfePNfr ija okujLrq owQfnZRok vU;a o`{kekjksgfrA ,oa
xta o`{kkr~ o`{ka izfr /koUra n`"V~ok flag% vfi glfr onfr pA)
flag% & Hkks% xt! ekeI;soesokrqnu~ ,rs okujk%A
okuj% & ,rLeknso rq dFk;kfe ;ngeso ;ksX;% oujktink; ;su fo'kkydk;a
ijkØfe.ka] Hk;adja pkfi flga xta ok ijktsrqa leFkkZ vLekda
tkfr%A vr% oU;tUrwuka j{kk;S o;eso {kek%A
(,rRloZa JqRok unheè;fLFkr% ,d% cd%)
cd% & vjs! vjs! eka fogk; dFkeU;% dks¿fi jktk HkforqegZfrA vga rq
'khrys tys cgqdkyi;ZUre~ vfopy% è;kueXu% fLFkrizK bo
fLFkRok losZ"kka j{kk;k% mik;ku~ fpUrf;";kfe] ;kstuka fuehZ; p
LolHkk;ka fofo/ineyaoqQokZ.kS% tUrqfHk'p fefyRok j{kksik;ku~
fØ;kfUorku~ dkjf;";kfe] vr% vgeso oujktinizkIr;s ;ksX;%A
e;wj% & (o`{kksifjr%&vV~VgkliwoZde~) foje foje vkRe'yk?kk;k% fda u
tkukfl ;r~&
;fn u L;kUujifr% lE;Ä~usrk rr% iztkA
vd.kZ/kjk ty/kS foIyosrsg ukSfjoAA
dks u tkukfr ro è;kukoLFkke~A ^fLFkrizK* bfr O;ktsu ojkdku~
ehuku~ Nysu vf/x`g~; Øwjr;k Hk{k;flA f/d~ Roke~A ro dkj.kkr~
rq loZa if{koqQyesokoekfura tkre~A
Reprint 2025-26
lkSgknZa izÑrs% 'kksHkk 51
okuj% & (lxoZe~) vr ,o dFk;kfe ;r~ vgeso ;ksX;% oujktink;A
'kh?kzeso ee jkT;kfHk"ksdk; rRijk% HkoUrq losZ oU;thok%A
e;wj% & vjs okuj! rw".kha HkoA dFka Roa ;ksX;% oujktink;\ i';rq i';rq
ee f'kjfl jkteqoqQVfeo f'k[kka LFkki;rk fo/k=kk ,okga if{kjkt%
o`Qr%] vr% ous fuolUra eka oujkt:is.kkfi nz"Vqa lTtk% HkoUrq
v/qukA ;r% dFka dks¿I;U;% fo/krq% fu.kZ;e~ vU;FkkdrqZa {ke%A
dkd% & (lO;Ä~X;e~) vjs vfgHkqd~A u`R;kfrfjDra dk ro fo'ks"krk ;r~ Roka
oujktink; ;ksX;a eU;kegs o;e~A
e;wj% & ;r% ee u`R;a rq izo`Qrs% vkjk/ukA i';! i';! ee fiPNkukeiwoZa
lkSan;Ze~ (fiPNkuqn~?kkV~; u`R;eqnzk;ka fLFkr% lu~) u dks¿fi =kSyksD;s
eRln`'k% lqUnj%A oU;tUrwukeqifj vkØe.ka drkZja rq vga LolkSUn;sZ.k
u`R;su p vkdf"kZra ÑRok oukr~ cfg"dfj";kfeA vr% vgeso
;ksX;% oujktink;A
(,rfLeUuso dkys O;k?kzfp=kdkS vfi unhtya ikrqekxrkS ,ra fookna  Ük`.kqr% onr% p)
O;k?kzfp=kdkS & vjs fda oujktink; lqik=ka ph;rs\
,rnFkZa rq vkokeso ;ksX;kSA ;L; dL;kfi p;ua oqQoZUrq loZlEeR;kA
flag% & rw".kha Hko Hkks%A ;qokefi eRln`'kkS Hk{kdkS u rq j{kdkSA ,rs
oU;thok% Hk{kda j{kdin;ksX;a u eU;Urs vr ,o fopkjfoe'kZ%
izpyfrA
cd% & loZFkk lE;xqDre~ flagegksn;suA oLrqr% ,o flagsu cgqdkyi;ZUra
'kklua o`Qre~ ije/quk rq dks¿fi i{kh ,o jktsfr fu'psrO;e~ v=k
rq la'khfrys'kL;kfi vodk'k% ,o ukfLrA
losZ if{k.k% & (mPpS%)& vke~ vke~& df'pr~ [kx% ,o oujkt% Hkfo";fr bfrA
(ija df'pnfi [kx% vkRekua fouk ukU;a defi vLeS ink; ;ksX;a fpUr;fUr rfgZ dFka
fu.kZ;%Hkosr~ rnk rS% loSZ% xgufunzk;ka fuf'pUra LoiUre~ mywda oh{; fopkfjre~ ;ns"k%
Reprint 2025-26
Page 5


48 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%
"k"B% ikB%
lkSgknZa izÑrs% 'kksHkk
v;a ikB% ijLija LusglkSgknZiw.kZ% O;ogkj% L;kfnfr cks/;frA lEçfr o;a i';ke% ;r~
lekts tuk% vkRekfHkekfuu% l×tkrk%] rs ijLija frjLoqQoZfUrA LokFkZiwj.ks layXuk% rs ijs"kka
dY;k.kfo"k;s uSo fdefi fpUr;fUrA rs"kka thouksís';e~ v/quk bna l×tkre~ µ
¶uhpSjuhpSjfruhpuhpS% loSZ% mik;S% iQyeso lkè;e~¸
vr% lekts ikjLifjdLusglao/Zuk; vfLeu~ ikBs i'kqif{k.kka ekè;esu lekts O;oâre~
vkRekfHkekua n'kZ;u~] çÑfrekrq% ekè;esu vUrs fu"d"kZ% LFkkfir% ;r~ dkykuqxq.ka losZ"kka
egÙoa Hkofr] losZ vU;ksU;kfJrk% lfUrA vr% vLekfHk%
LodY;k.kk; ijLija Lusgsu eS=khiw.kZO;ogkjs.k p HkkO;e~A
ouL; n`';a lehis ,oSdk unh ogfrA ,d%
flag% lq[ksu foJkE;fr] rnSo ,d% okuj% vkxR;
rL; iqPNa èkqukfrA ozqQ¼% flag% ra izgrqZfePNfr ija
okujLrq owQfnZRok o`{kek:<%A rnSo vU;Lekr~ o`{kkr~
vij% okuj% flagL; d.kZeko`Q"; iqu% o`{kksifj
vkjksgfrA ,oeso okujk% okja okja flaga rqnfURkA ozqQ¼%
flag% brLrr% /kofr] xtZfr ija fdefi drqZeleFkZ%
,o fr"BfrA okujk% glfUr o`{kksifj p fofo/k%
if{k.k% vfi flagL; ,rkn`'kha n'kka n`"V~ok g"kZfefJra
dyjoa oqQoZfUrA
funzkHkÄõnq%[ksu oujkt% lUufi rqPNthoS% vkReu% ,rkn`';k nqjoLFk;k
JkUr% loZtUrwu~ n`"V~ok i`PNfr&
Reprint 2025-26
lkSgknZa izÑrs% 'kksHkk 49
flag% & (Øks/su xtZu~) Hkks%! vga oujkt%] fda Hk;a u tk;rs\ fdeFkZa
ekesoa rqnfUr losZ fefyRok\
,d% okuj% & ;r% Roa oujkt% Hkforqa rq loZFkk¿;ksX;%A jktk rq j{kd% Hkofr
ija Hkoku~ rq Hk{kd%A vfi p Loj{kk;kefi leFkZ% ukfl] rfgZ
dFkeLeku~ jf{k";fl\
vU;% okuj% & fda u Jqrk Ro;k i×prU=kksfDr% &
;ks u j{kfr fo=kLrku~ ihM~;ekuk ijS% lnkA
tUrwu~ ikfFkZo:is.k l o`QrkUrks u la'k;%AA
dkd% & vke~ lR;a dfFkra Ro;k& oLrqr% oujkt% Hkforqa rq vgeso ;ksX;%A
fid% & (miglu~) dFka Roa ;ksX;% oujkt% Hkforqa] ;=k r=k dk&dk bfr
doZQ'kèofuuk okrkoj.kekoqQyhdjksf"kA u :ie~] u èofujfLrA
o`Q".ko.kZe~ esè;kesè;Hk{kda Roka dFka oujkta eU;kegs o;e~\
dkd% & vjs! vjs! foaQ tYifl\ ;fn
vga o`Q".ko.kZ% rfgZ Roa fda
xkSjkÄ~x%\ vfi p foLe;Zrs
fda ;r~ ee lR;fiz;rk rq
tukuka o`Qrs mnkgj.kLo:ik&
^vu`ra onfl psr~ dkd%
n'ksr~*& bfr izdkjs.kA vLekda ifjJe% ,sD;a p fo'oizfFkre~A
vfi p dkdps"V% fo|kFkhZ ,o vkn'kZPNk=k% eU;rsA
fid% & vye~ vye~ vfrfodRFkusuA fda foLe;Zrs ;r~&
dkd% o`Q".k% fid% o`Q".k% dks Hksn% fiddkd;ks%A
olUrle;s izkIrs dkd% dkd% fid% fid%AA
dkd% & js ijHk`r~! vga ;fn ro larfra u iky;kfe rfgZ oqQ=k L;q% fidk%\
vr% vge~ ,o djQ.kkij% if{klezkV~ dkd%A
Reprint 2025-26
50 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%
xt% & lehir% ,okxPNu~ vjs! vjs! loZa lEHkk"k.ka Ük`.oUusokge~ v=kkxPNe~A
vga fo'kkydk;%] cy'kkyh] ijkØeh pA flag% ok L;kr~ vFkok
vU;% dks¿fi] oU;i'kwu~ rq rqnUra tUrqega Lo'kq.Msu iksFkf;Rok
ekjf;";kfeA fdeU;% dks¿I;fLr ,rkn`'k% ijkØehA vr% vgeso
;ksX;% oujktink;A
okuj% & vjs! vjs! ,oa ok ('kh?kzeso xtL;kfi iqPNa fo/w; o`{kksifj vkjksgfrA)
(xt% ra o`{keso Lo'kq.Msu vkyksMf;rqfePNfr ija okujLrq owQfnZRok vU;a o`{kekjksgfrA ,oa
xta o`{kkr~ o`{ka izfr /koUra n`"V~ok flag% vfi glfr onfr pA)
flag% & Hkks% xt! ekeI;soesokrqnu~ ,rs okujk%A
okuj% & ,rLeknso rq dFk;kfe ;ngeso ;ksX;% oujktink; ;su fo'kkydk;a
ijkØfe.ka] Hk;adja pkfi flga xta ok ijktsrqa leFkkZ vLekda
tkfr%A vr% oU;tUrwuka j{kk;S o;eso {kek%A
(,rRloZa JqRok unheè;fLFkr% ,d% cd%)
cd% & vjs! vjs! eka fogk; dFkeU;% dks¿fi jktk HkforqegZfrA vga rq
'khrys tys cgqdkyi;ZUre~ vfopy% è;kueXu% fLFkrizK bo
fLFkRok losZ"kka j{kk;k% mik;ku~ fpUrf;";kfe] ;kstuka fuehZ; p
LolHkk;ka fofo/ineyaoqQokZ.kS% tUrqfHk'p fefyRok j{kksik;ku~
fØ;kfUorku~ dkjf;";kfe] vr% vgeso oujktinizkIr;s ;ksX;%A
e;wj% & (o`{kksifjr%&vV~VgkliwoZde~) foje foje vkRe'yk?kk;k% fda u
tkukfl ;r~&
;fn u L;kUujifr% lE;Ä~usrk rr% iztkA
vd.kZ/kjk ty/kS foIyosrsg ukSfjoAA
dks u tkukfr ro è;kukoLFkke~A ^fLFkrizK* bfr O;ktsu ojkdku~
ehuku~ Nysu vf/x`g~; Øwjr;k Hk{k;flA f/d~ Roke~A ro dkj.kkr~
rq loZa if{koqQyesokoekfura tkre~A
Reprint 2025-26
lkSgknZa izÑrs% 'kksHkk 51
okuj% & (lxoZe~) vr ,o dFk;kfe ;r~ vgeso ;ksX;% oujktink;A
'kh?kzeso ee jkT;kfHk"ksdk; rRijk% HkoUrq losZ oU;thok%A
e;wj% & vjs okuj! rw".kha HkoA dFka Roa ;ksX;% oujktink;\ i';rq i';rq
ee f'kjfl jkteqoqQVfeo f'k[kka LFkki;rk fo/k=kk ,okga if{kjkt%
o`Qr%] vr% ous fuolUra eka oujkt:is.kkfi nz"Vqa lTtk% HkoUrq
v/qukA ;r% dFka dks¿I;U;% fo/krq% fu.kZ;e~ vU;FkkdrqZa {ke%A
dkd% & (lO;Ä~X;e~) vjs vfgHkqd~A u`R;kfrfjDra dk ro fo'ks"krk ;r~ Roka
oujktink; ;ksX;a eU;kegs o;e~A
e;wj% & ;r% ee u`R;a rq izo`Qrs% vkjk/ukA i';! i';! ee fiPNkukeiwoZa
lkSan;Ze~ (fiPNkuqn~?kkV~; u`R;eqnzk;ka fLFkr% lu~) u dks¿fi =kSyksD;s
eRln`'k% lqUnj%A oU;tUrwukeqifj vkØe.ka drkZja rq vga LolkSUn;sZ.k
u`R;su p vkdf"kZra ÑRok oukr~ cfg"dfj";kfeA vr% vgeso
;ksX;% oujktink;A
(,rfLeUuso dkys O;k?kzfp=kdkS vfi unhtya ikrqekxrkS ,ra fookna  Ük`.kqr% onr% p)
O;k?kzfp=kdkS & vjs fda oujktink; lqik=ka ph;rs\
,rnFkZa rq vkokeso ;ksX;kSA ;L; dL;kfi p;ua oqQoZUrq loZlEeR;kA
flag% & rw".kha Hko Hkks%A ;qokefi eRln`'kkS Hk{kdkS u rq j{kdkSA ,rs
oU;thok% Hk{kda j{kdin;ksX;a u eU;Urs vr ,o fopkjfoe'kZ%
izpyfrA
cd% & loZFkk lE;xqDre~ flagegksn;suA oLrqr% ,o flagsu cgqdkyi;ZUra
'kklua o`Qre~ ije/quk rq dks¿fi i{kh ,o jktsfr fu'psrO;e~ v=k
rq la'khfrys'kL;kfi vodk'k% ,o ukfLrA
losZ if{k.k% & (mPpS%)& vke~ vke~& df'pr~ [kx% ,o oujkt% Hkfo";fr bfrA
(ija df'pnfi [kx% vkRekua fouk ukU;a defi vLeS ink; ;ksX;a fpUr;fUr rfgZ dFka
fu.kZ;%Hkosr~ rnk rS% loSZ% xgufunzk;ka fuf'pUra LoiUre~ mywda oh{; fopkfjre~ ;ns"k%
Reprint 2025-26
52 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%
vkRe'yk?kkghu% infufyZIr% mywd ,okLekda jktk Hkfo";frA ijLijekfn'kfUr p rnkuh;Urka
u`ikfHk"ksdlEcfU/u% lEHkkjk% bfrA)
losZ if{k.k% lTtk;S xUrqfePNfUr rfgZ lglk ,o&
dkd% & (vêðgkliw.ksZu&Losj.k)&loZFkk v;qDresrr~ ;Ue;wj& gal& dksfdy&
pØokd&'kqd&lkjlkfn"kq if{kiz/kus"kq fo|ekus"kq fnokU/L;kL;
djkyoD=kL;kfHk"ksdkFkZa losZ lTtk%A iw.kZa fnua ;kor~ funzk;ek.k%
,"k% dFkeLeku~ jf{k";frA oLrqrLrq&
LoHkkojkSnzeR;qxza Øwjefiz;okfnue~A
mywda u`ifra o`QRok dk uq flf¼HkZfo";frAA
(rr% izfo'kfr izo`Qfrekrk)
izÑfrekrk& (lLusge~) Hkks% Hkks% izkf.ku%A ;w;e~ losZ ,o es lUrr;%A dFka feFk% dyga
oqQ:FkA oLrqr% losZ oU;thfou% vU;ksU;kfJrk%A lnSo Lejr&
nnkfr izfrx`g~.kkfr] xqg~;ek[;kfr i`PNfrA
HkqÄ~Drs Hkkst;rs pSo "kM~&fo/a izhfry{k.ke~AA
(losZ izkf.ku% leosrLojs.k)
ekr%! dFk;fr rq Hkorh loZFkk lE;d~ ija
o;a Hkorha u tkuhe%A HkoR;k% ifjp;% d%\
izo`Qfrekrk & vga izo`Qfr% ;q"ekda losZ"kka
tuuh\ ;w;a losZ ,o es fiz;k%A losZ"kkeso
eRo`Qrs egÙoa fo|rs ;Fkkle;e~ u rkor~
dygsu le;a o`Fkk ;ki;Urq vfi rq fefyRok
,o eksnèoa thoua p jle;a oqQjQèoe~A r|Fkk dfFkre~&
iztklq[ks lq[ka jkK%] iztkuka p fgrs fgre~A
ukRefiz;a fgra jkK%] iztkuka rq fiz;a fgre~AA
vfi p&
vxk/tyl×pkjh u xoZa ;kfr jksfgr%A
vÄ~xq"Bksndek=ks.k 'kiQjh iqQiqZQjk;rsAA
Reprint 2025-26