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Page 1 ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] Page 2 ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] 4x +5y 4x +5y = 4x +5y) 2 = (4x) 2 +(5y) 2 +2 ×4x ×5y using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 16x 2 +25y 2 +40xy iii We have: 7a +9b 7a +9b = 7a +9b) 2 = (7a) 2 +(9b) 2 +2 ×7a ×9b using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 49a 2 +81b 2 +126ab iv We have: 2 3 x + 4 5 y 2 3 x + 4 5 y = 2 3 x + 4 5 y 2 = 2 3 x 2 + 4 5 y 2 +2 × 2 3 x × 4 5 y using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 4 9 x 2 + 16 25 y 2 + 16 15 xy v We have: x 2 +7 x 2 +7 = x 2 +7) 2 = x 2 2 +7 2 +2 ×x 2 ×7 using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = x 4 +49 +14x 2 vi We have: 5 6 a 2 +2 5 6 a 2 +2 = 5 6 a 2 +2 2 = 5 6 a 2 2 +(2) 2 +2 × 5 6 a 2 ×2 using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 25 36 a 4 +4 + 10 3 a 2 Q u e s t i o n : 6 3 Find each of the following products: i (x - 4)(x - 4) ii (2x - 3y)(2x - 3y) iii 3 4 x - 5 6 y 3 4 x - 5 6 y iv x - 3 x x - 3 x v 1 3 x 2 -9 1 3 x 2 -9 vi 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y S o l u t i o n : i We have: x -4 x -4 = x -4) 2 = x 2 -2 ×x ×4 +4 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = x 2 -8x +16 ii We have: 2x -3y 2x -3y = 2x -3y) 2 = (2x) 2 -2 ×2x ×3y +(3y) 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 4x 2 -12xy +9y 2 iii We have: 3 4 x - 5 6 y 3 4 x - 5 6 y = 3 4 x - 5 6 y 2 = 3 4 x 2 -2 × 3 4 x × 5 6 y + 5 6 y 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 9 16 x 2 - 15 12 xy + 25 36 y 2 iv We have: x - 3 x x - 3 x = x - 3 x 2 = (x) 2 -2 ×x × 3 x + 3 x 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = x 2 -6 + 9 x 2 v We have: 1 3 x 2 -9 1 3 x 2 -9 = 1 3 x 2 -9 2 = 1 3 x 2 2 -2 × 1 3 x 2 ×9 +(9) 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 1 9 x 4 -6x 2 +81 vi We have: 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y = 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 2 = 1 2 y 2 2 -2 × 1 2 y 2 × 1 3 y + 1 3 y 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 1 4 y 4 - 1 3 y 3 + 1 9 y 2 ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( )( ) ( ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] Page 3 ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] 4x +5y 4x +5y = 4x +5y) 2 = (4x) 2 +(5y) 2 +2 ×4x ×5y using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 16x 2 +25y 2 +40xy iii We have: 7a +9b 7a +9b = 7a +9b) 2 = (7a) 2 +(9b) 2 +2 ×7a ×9b using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 49a 2 +81b 2 +126ab iv We have: 2 3 x + 4 5 y 2 3 x + 4 5 y = 2 3 x + 4 5 y 2 = 2 3 x 2 + 4 5 y 2 +2 × 2 3 x × 4 5 y using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 4 9 x 2 + 16 25 y 2 + 16 15 xy v We have: x 2 +7 x 2 +7 = x 2 +7) 2 = x 2 2 +7 2 +2 ×x 2 ×7 using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = x 4 +49 +14x 2 vi We have: 5 6 a 2 +2 5 6 a 2 +2 = 5 6 a 2 +2 2 = 5 6 a 2 2 +(2) 2 +2 × 5 6 a 2 ×2 using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 25 36 a 4 +4 + 10 3 a 2 Q u e s t i o n : 6 3 Find each of the following products: i (x - 4)(x - 4) ii (2x - 3y)(2x - 3y) iii 3 4 x - 5 6 y 3 4 x - 5 6 y iv x - 3 x x - 3 x v 1 3 x 2 -9 1 3 x 2 -9 vi 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y S o l u t i o n : i We have: x -4 x -4 = x -4) 2 = x 2 -2 ×x ×4 +4 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = x 2 -8x +16 ii We have: 2x -3y 2x -3y = 2x -3y) 2 = (2x) 2 -2 ×2x ×3y +(3y) 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 4x 2 -12xy +9y 2 iii We have: 3 4 x - 5 6 y 3 4 x - 5 6 y = 3 4 x - 5 6 y 2 = 3 4 x 2 -2 × 3 4 x × 5 6 y + 5 6 y 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 9 16 x 2 - 15 12 xy + 25 36 y 2 iv We have: x - 3 x x - 3 x = x - 3 x 2 = (x) 2 -2 ×x × 3 x + 3 x 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = x 2 -6 + 9 x 2 v We have: 1 3 x 2 -9 1 3 x 2 -9 = 1 3 x 2 -9 2 = 1 3 x 2 2 -2 × 1 3 x 2 ×9 +(9) 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 1 9 x 4 -6x 2 +81 vi We have: 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y = 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 2 = 1 2 y 2 2 -2 × 1 2 y 2 × 1 3 y + 1 3 y 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 1 4 y 4 - 1 3 y 3 + 1 9 y 2 ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( )( ) ( ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] Q u e s t i o n : 6 4 Expand: i (8a + 3b) 2 ii (7x + 2y) 2 iii (5x + 11) 2 iv a 2 + 2 a 2 v 3x 4 + 2y 9 2 vi (9x - 10) 2 vii (x 2 y - yz 2 ) 2 viii x y - y x 2 ix 3m - 4 5 n 2 S o l u t i o n : We shall use the identities (a+b) 2 =a 2 +b 2 +2ab and (a-b) 2 =a 2 +b 2 -2ab. i We have: 8a +3b) 2 = (8a) 2 +2 ×8a ×3b +(3b) 2 = 64a 2 +48ab +9b 2 ii We have: 7x +2y) 2 = (7x) 2 +2 ×7x ×2y +(2y) 2 = 49x 2 +28xy +4y 2 iii We have : 5x +11) 2 = (5x) 2 +2 ×5x ×11 +(11) 2 = 25x 2 +110x +121 iv We have: a 2 + 2 a 2 = a 2 2 +2 × a 2 × 2 a + 2 a 2 = a 4 2 +2 + 4 a 2 v We have: 3x 4 + 2y 9 2 = 3x 4 2 +2 × 3x 4 × 2y 9 + 2y 9 2 = 9x 16 2 + 1 3 xy + 4y 2 81 vi We have: 9x -10) 2 (9x) 2 -2 ×9x ×10 +(10) 2 = 81x 2 -180x +100 vii We have: x 2 y -yz 2 ) 2 x 2 y 2 -2 ×x 2 y ×yz 2 + yz 2 2 = x 4 y 2 -2x 2 y 2 z 2 +y 2 z 4 viii We have: x y - y x 2 = x y 2 -2 × x y × y x + y x 2 = x 2 y 2 -2 + y 2 x 2 ix We have: 3m - 4 5 n 2 = (3m) 2 -2 ×3m × 4 5 n + 4 5 n 2 = 9m 2 - 24mn 5 + 16 25 n 2 Q u e s t i o n : 6 5 Find each of the following products: i (x + 3)(x - 3) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Page 4 ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] 4x +5y 4x +5y = 4x +5y) 2 = (4x) 2 +(5y) 2 +2 ×4x ×5y using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 16x 2 +25y 2 +40xy iii We have: 7a +9b 7a +9b = 7a +9b) 2 = (7a) 2 +(9b) 2 +2 ×7a ×9b using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 49a 2 +81b 2 +126ab iv We have: 2 3 x + 4 5 y 2 3 x + 4 5 y = 2 3 x + 4 5 y 2 = 2 3 x 2 + 4 5 y 2 +2 × 2 3 x × 4 5 y using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 4 9 x 2 + 16 25 y 2 + 16 15 xy v We have: x 2 +7 x 2 +7 = x 2 +7) 2 = x 2 2 +7 2 +2 ×x 2 ×7 using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = x 4 +49 +14x 2 vi We have: 5 6 a 2 +2 5 6 a 2 +2 = 5 6 a 2 +2 2 = 5 6 a 2 2 +(2) 2 +2 × 5 6 a 2 ×2 using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 25 36 a 4 +4 + 10 3 a 2 Q u e s t i o n : 6 3 Find each of the following products: i (x - 4)(x - 4) ii (2x - 3y)(2x - 3y) iii 3 4 x - 5 6 y 3 4 x - 5 6 y iv x - 3 x x - 3 x v 1 3 x 2 -9 1 3 x 2 -9 vi 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y S o l u t i o n : i We have: x -4 x -4 = x -4) 2 = x 2 -2 ×x ×4 +4 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = x 2 -8x +16 ii We have: 2x -3y 2x -3y = 2x -3y) 2 = (2x) 2 -2 ×2x ×3y +(3y) 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 4x 2 -12xy +9y 2 iii We have: 3 4 x - 5 6 y 3 4 x - 5 6 y = 3 4 x - 5 6 y 2 = 3 4 x 2 -2 × 3 4 x × 5 6 y + 5 6 y 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 9 16 x 2 - 15 12 xy + 25 36 y 2 iv We have: x - 3 x x - 3 x = x - 3 x 2 = (x) 2 -2 ×x × 3 x + 3 x 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = x 2 -6 + 9 x 2 v We have: 1 3 x 2 -9 1 3 x 2 -9 = 1 3 x 2 -9 2 = 1 3 x 2 2 -2 × 1 3 x 2 ×9 +(9) 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 1 9 x 4 -6x 2 +81 vi We have: 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y = 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 2 = 1 2 y 2 2 -2 × 1 2 y 2 × 1 3 y + 1 3 y 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 1 4 y 4 - 1 3 y 3 + 1 9 y 2 ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( )( ) ( ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] Q u e s t i o n : 6 4 Expand: i (8a + 3b) 2 ii (7x + 2y) 2 iii (5x + 11) 2 iv a 2 + 2 a 2 v 3x 4 + 2y 9 2 vi (9x - 10) 2 vii (x 2 y - yz 2 ) 2 viii x y - y x 2 ix 3m - 4 5 n 2 S o l u t i o n : We shall use the identities (a+b) 2 =a 2 +b 2 +2ab and (a-b) 2 =a 2 +b 2 -2ab. i We have: 8a +3b) 2 = (8a) 2 +2 ×8a ×3b +(3b) 2 = 64a 2 +48ab +9b 2 ii We have: 7x +2y) 2 = (7x) 2 +2 ×7x ×2y +(2y) 2 = 49x 2 +28xy +4y 2 iii We have : 5x +11) 2 = (5x) 2 +2 ×5x ×11 +(11) 2 = 25x 2 +110x +121 iv We have: a 2 + 2 a 2 = a 2 2 +2 × a 2 × 2 a + 2 a 2 = a 4 2 +2 + 4 a 2 v We have: 3x 4 + 2y 9 2 = 3x 4 2 +2 × 3x 4 × 2y 9 + 2y 9 2 = 9x 16 2 + 1 3 xy + 4y 2 81 vi We have: 9x -10) 2 (9x) 2 -2 ×9x ×10 +(10) 2 = 81x 2 -180x +100 vii We have: x 2 y -yz 2 ) 2 x 2 y 2 -2 ×x 2 y ×yz 2 + yz 2 2 = x 4 y 2 -2x 2 y 2 z 2 +y 2 z 4 viii We have: x y - y x 2 = x y 2 -2 × x y × y x + y x 2 = x 2 y 2 -2 + y 2 x 2 ix We have: 3m - 4 5 n 2 = (3m) 2 -2 ×3m × 4 5 n + 4 5 n 2 = 9m 2 - 24mn 5 + 16 25 n 2 Q u e s t i o n : 6 5 Find each of the following products: i (x + 3)(x - 3) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ii (2x + 5)(2x - 5) iii (8 + x)(8 - x) iv (7x + 11y)(7x - 11y) v 5x 2 + 3 4 y 2 5x 2 - 3 4 y 2 vi 4x 5 - 5y 3 4x 5 + 5y 3 vii x + 1 x x - 1 x viii 1 x + 1 y 1 x - 1 y S o l u t i o n : i We have: x +3 x -3 = x 2 -9 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 ii We have: 2x +5 2x -5 = 4x 2 -25 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 iii We have: 8 +x 8 -x = 64 -x 2 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 iv We have: 7x +11y 7x -11y = 49x 2 -121y 2 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 v We have: 5x 2 + 3 4 y 2 5x 2 - 3 4 y 2 = 25x 4 - 9 16 y 4 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 vi We have: 4x 5 - 5y 3 4x 5 + 5y 3 = 16x 2 25 - 25y 2 9 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 vii We have: x + 1 x x - 1 x = x 2 - 1 x 2 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 viii We have: 1 x + 1 y 1 x - 1 y = 1 x 2 - 1 y 2 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 ix We have: 2a + 3 b 2a - 3 b = 4a 2 - 9 b 2 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 Q u e s t i o n : 6 6 Using the formula for squaring a binomial, evaluate the following: i 54 2 ii ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( )( ) )] ( ) ( ) [ ( )( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( )( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( )( ) ] Page 5 ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] 4x +5y 4x +5y = 4x +5y) 2 = (4x) 2 +(5y) 2 +2 ×4x ×5y using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 16x 2 +25y 2 +40xy iii We have: 7a +9b 7a +9b = 7a +9b) 2 = (7a) 2 +(9b) 2 +2 ×7a ×9b using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 49a 2 +81b 2 +126ab iv We have: 2 3 x + 4 5 y 2 3 x + 4 5 y = 2 3 x + 4 5 y 2 = 2 3 x 2 + 4 5 y 2 +2 × 2 3 x × 4 5 y using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 4 9 x 2 + 16 25 y 2 + 16 15 xy v We have: x 2 +7 x 2 +7 = x 2 +7) 2 = x 2 2 +7 2 +2 ×x 2 ×7 using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = x 4 +49 +14x 2 vi We have: 5 6 a 2 +2 5 6 a 2 +2 = 5 6 a 2 +2 2 = 5 6 a 2 2 +(2) 2 +2 × 5 6 a 2 ×2 using a +b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 +2ab = 25 36 a 4 +4 + 10 3 a 2 Q u e s t i o n : 6 3 Find each of the following products: i (x - 4)(x - 4) ii (2x - 3y)(2x - 3y) iii 3 4 x - 5 6 y 3 4 x - 5 6 y iv x - 3 x x - 3 x v 1 3 x 2 -9 1 3 x 2 -9 vi 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y S o l u t i o n : i We have: x -4 x -4 = x -4) 2 = x 2 -2 ×x ×4 +4 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = x 2 -8x +16 ii We have: 2x -3y 2x -3y = 2x -3y) 2 = (2x) 2 -2 ×2x ×3y +(3y) 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 4x 2 -12xy +9y 2 iii We have: 3 4 x - 5 6 y 3 4 x - 5 6 y = 3 4 x - 5 6 y 2 = 3 4 x 2 -2 × 3 4 x × 5 6 y + 5 6 y 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 9 16 x 2 - 15 12 xy + 25 36 y 2 iv We have: x - 3 x x - 3 x = x - 3 x 2 = (x) 2 -2 ×x × 3 x + 3 x 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = x 2 -6 + 9 x 2 v We have: 1 3 x 2 -9 1 3 x 2 -9 = 1 3 x 2 -9 2 = 1 3 x 2 2 -2 × 1 3 x 2 ×9 +(9) 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 1 9 x 4 -6x 2 +81 vi We have: 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y = 1 2 y 2 - 1 3 y 2 = 1 2 y 2 2 -2 × 1 2 y 2 × 1 3 y + 1 3 y 2 using a -b) 2 = a 2 -2ab +b 2 = 1 4 y 4 - 1 3 y 3 + 1 9 y 2 ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( )( ) ( ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ] Q u e s t i o n : 6 4 Expand: i (8a + 3b) 2 ii (7x + 2y) 2 iii (5x + 11) 2 iv a 2 + 2 a 2 v 3x 4 + 2y 9 2 vi (9x - 10) 2 vii (x 2 y - yz 2 ) 2 viii x y - y x 2 ix 3m - 4 5 n 2 S o l u t i o n : We shall use the identities (a+b) 2 =a 2 +b 2 +2ab and (a-b) 2 =a 2 +b 2 -2ab. i We have: 8a +3b) 2 = (8a) 2 +2 ×8a ×3b +(3b) 2 = 64a 2 +48ab +9b 2 ii We have: 7x +2y) 2 = (7x) 2 +2 ×7x ×2y +(2y) 2 = 49x 2 +28xy +4y 2 iii We have : 5x +11) 2 = (5x) 2 +2 ×5x ×11 +(11) 2 = 25x 2 +110x +121 iv We have: a 2 + 2 a 2 = a 2 2 +2 × a 2 × 2 a + 2 a 2 = a 4 2 +2 + 4 a 2 v We have: 3x 4 + 2y 9 2 = 3x 4 2 +2 × 3x 4 × 2y 9 + 2y 9 2 = 9x 16 2 + 1 3 xy + 4y 2 81 vi We have: 9x -10) 2 (9x) 2 -2 ×9x ×10 +(10) 2 = 81x 2 -180x +100 vii We have: x 2 y -yz 2 ) 2 x 2 y 2 -2 ×x 2 y ×yz 2 + yz 2 2 = x 4 y 2 -2x 2 y 2 z 2 +y 2 z 4 viii We have: x y - y x 2 = x y 2 -2 × x y × y x + y x 2 = x 2 y 2 -2 + y 2 x 2 ix We have: 3m - 4 5 n 2 = (3m) 2 -2 ×3m × 4 5 n + 4 5 n 2 = 9m 2 - 24mn 5 + 16 25 n 2 Q u e s t i o n : 6 5 Find each of the following products: i (x + 3)(x - 3) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ii (2x + 5)(2x - 5) iii (8 + x)(8 - x) iv (7x + 11y)(7x - 11y) v 5x 2 + 3 4 y 2 5x 2 - 3 4 y 2 vi 4x 5 - 5y 3 4x 5 + 5y 3 vii x + 1 x x - 1 x viii 1 x + 1 y 1 x - 1 y S o l u t i o n : i We have: x +3 x -3 = x 2 -9 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 ii We have: 2x +5 2x -5 = 4x 2 -25 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 iii We have: 8 +x 8 -x = 64 -x 2 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 iv We have: 7x +11y 7x -11y = 49x 2 -121y 2 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 v We have: 5x 2 + 3 4 y 2 5x 2 - 3 4 y 2 = 25x 4 - 9 16 y 4 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 vi We have: 4x 5 - 5y 3 4x 5 + 5y 3 = 16x 2 25 - 25y 2 9 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 vii We have: x + 1 x x - 1 x = x 2 - 1 x 2 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 viii We have: 1 x + 1 y 1 x - 1 y = 1 x 2 - 1 y 2 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 ix We have: 2a + 3 b 2a - 3 b = 4a 2 - 9 b 2 using a +b a -b = a 2 -b 2 Q u e s t i o n : 6 6 Using the formula for squaring a binomial, evaluate the following: i 54 2 ii ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( )( ) )] ( ) ( ) [ ( )( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( )( ) ] ( ) ( ) [ ( )( ) ] 82 2 iii 103 2 iv 704 2 S o l u t i o n : We shall use the identity (a+b) 2 =a 2 +b 2 +2ab. i (54) 2 = 50 +4) 2 = (50) 2 +2 ×50 ×4 +(4) 2 = 2500 +400 +16 = 2916 ii (82) 2 = 80 +2) 2 = (80) 2 +2 ×80 ×2 +(2) 2 = 6400 +320 +4 = 6724 iii (103) 2 = 100 +3) 2 = (100) 2 +2 ×100 ×3 +(3) 2 = 10000 +600 +9 = 10609 iv (704) 2 = 700 +4) 2 = (700) 2 +2 ×700 ×4 +(4) 2 = 490000 +5600 +16 = 495616 Q u e s t i o n : 6 7 Using the formula for squaring a binomial, evaluate the following: i 69 2 ii 78 2 iii 197 2 iv 999 2 S o l u t i o n : We shall use the identity (a-b) 2 = a 2 +b 2 -2ab. i (69) 2 = 70 -1) 2 = (70) 2 -2 ×70 ×1 +1 = 4900 -140 +1 = 4761 ii (78) 2 = 80 -2) 2 = (80) 2 -2 ×80 ×2 +4 = 6400 -320 +4 = 6084 iii (197) 2 = 200 -3) 2 = (200) 2 -2 ×200 ×3 +9 = 40000 -1200 +9 = 38809 iv (999) 2 = 1000 -1) 2 = (1000) 2 -2 ×1000 ×1 +1 = 1000000 -2000 +1 = 998001 Q u e s t i o n : 6 8 Find the value of: i 82 2 - 18 2 ii 128 2 - 72 2 iii 197 × 203 iv 198×198-102×102 96 v 14.7 ×15.3 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (Read More
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